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Subject: 13 Data Concurrency and Consistency
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<P><B><FONT size=3D6>13 Data Concurrency and Consistency</FONT></B></P>
<HR>

<TABLE id=3Dtable1 cellSpacing=3D1 width=3D"100%" border=3D0>
  <TBODY>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">001</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">This =
chapter=20
      explains how Oracle maintains consistent data in a multiuser =
database=20
      environment.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">=B1=BE=D5=C2=BD=B2=CA=F6 =
Oracle=20
      =
=C8=E7=BA=CE=D4=DA=B6=E0=D3=C3=BB=A7=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=CF=B5=CD=B3=D6=D0=B1=
=A3=D6=A4=CA=FD=BE=DD=D2=BB=D6=C2=D0=D4=A3=A8consistent=A3=A9=A1=A3<BR>=A1=
=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">002</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">This =
chapter=20
      contains the following topics:
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/13.Data%20Concurrency=
%20and%20Consistency.htm#e.13.1"=20
        target=3D_self>Introduction to Data Concurrency and Consistency =
in a=20
        Multiuser Environment</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/13.Data%20Concurrency=
%20and%20Consistency.htm#e.13.2"=20
        target=3D_self>How Oracle Manages Data Concurrency and =
Consistency</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/13.Data%20Concurrency=
%20and%20Consistency.htm#e.13.3"=20
        target=3D_self>How Oracle Locks Data</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/13.Data%20Concurrency=
%20and%20Consistency.htm#e.13.4"=20
        target=3D_self>Overview of Oracle Flashback Query</A> =
</LI></UL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=B1=BE=D5=C2=B0=FC=BA=AC=D2=D4=CF=C2=D6=F7=CC=E2=A3=BA
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/13.Data%20Concurrency=
%20and%20Consistency.htm#c.13.1"=20
        =
target=3D_self>=B6=E0=D3=C3=BB=A7=BB=B7=BE=B3=CF=C2=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=B2=A2=
=B7=A2=B7=C3=CE=CA=BC=B0=CA=FD=BE=DD=D2=BB=D6=C2=D0=D4=BC=F2=BD=E9</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/13.Data%20Concurrency=
%20and%20Consistency.htm#e.13.2"=20
        target=3D_self>Oracle =
=C8=E7=BA=CE=B9=DC=C0=ED=CA=FD=BE=DD=B2=A2=B7=A2=B7=C3=CE=CA=BC=B0=CA=FD=BE=
=DD=D2=BB=D6=C2=D0=D4</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/13.Data%20Concurrency=
%20and%20Consistency.htm#c.13.3"=20
        target=3D_self>Oracle =C8=E7=BA=CE=CB=F8=CA=FD=BE=DD</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/13.Data%20Concurrency=
%20and%20Consistency.htm#c.13.4"=20
        target=3D_self>Oracle =BB=D8=C9=C1=B2=E9=D1=AF=B8=C5=CA=F6</A> =
</LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">003</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H1><A name=3De.13.1></A><SPAN style=3D"FONT-SIZE: =
20pt">Introduction to Data=20
      Concurrency and Consistency in a Multiuser =
Environment</SPAN></H1></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H1><A name=3Dc.13.1></A><SPAN style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 20pt">13.1=20
      =
=B6=E0=D3=C3=BB=A7=BB=B7=BE=B3=CF=C2=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=B2=A2=B7=A2=B7=C3=CE=
=CA=BC=B0=CA=FD=BE=DD=D2=BB=D6=C2=D0=D4=BC=F2=BD=E9</SPAN></H1></TD></TR>=

  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">004</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">In a =
single-user=20
      database, the user can modify data in the database without concern =
for=20
      other users modifying the same data at the same time. However, in =
a=20
      multiuser database, the statements within multiple simultaneous=20
      transactions can update the same data. Transactions executing at =
the same=20
      time need to produce meaningful and consistent results. Therefore, =
control=20
      of data concurrency and data consistency is vital in a multiuser =
database.
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><B>Data concurrency</B> means =
that many=20
        users can access data at the same time.=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><B>Data consistency</B> means =
that each=20
        user sees a consistent view of the data, including visible =
changes made=20
        by the user's own transactions and transactions of other users.=20
    </LI></UL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=D4=DA=D6=BB=D3=D0=B5=A5=D2=BB=D3=C3=BB=A7=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=
=BF=E2=D6=D0=A3=AC=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=D2=D4=C8=CE=D2=E2=D0=DE=B8=C4=CA=FD=BE=
=DD=A3=AC=B6=F8=CE=DE=D0=E8=BF=BC=C2=C7=CD=AC=CA=B1=D3=D0=C6=E4=CB=FB=D3=C3=
=BB=A7=D5=FD=D4=DA=D0=DE=B8=C4=CF=E0=CD=AC=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=A1=A3=B5=AB=D4=
=DA=D2=BB=B8=F6=B6=E0=D3=C3=BB=A7=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=D6=D0=A3=AC=B6=E0=B8=F6=
=B2=A2=B7=A2=CA=C2=CE=F1=D6=D0=B0=FC=BA=AC=B5=C4=D3=EF=BE=E4=BF=C9=C4=DC =

      =
=BB=E1=D0=DE=B8=C4=CF=E0=CD=AC=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=A1=A3=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=D6=
=D0=B2=A2=B7=A2=D6=B4=D0=D0=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=D7=EE=D6=D5=D3=A6=B2=FA=C9=FA=
=D3=D0=D2=E2=D2=E5=C7=D2=BE=DF=B1=B8=D2=BB=D6=C2=D0=D4=B5=C4=BD=E1=B9=FB=A1=
=A3=D2=F2=B4=CB=D4=DA=B6=E0=D3=C3=BB=A7=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=D6=D0=A3=AC=B6=D4=
=CA=FD=BE=DD=B2=A2=B7=A2=B7=C3=CE=CA=A3=A8data=20
      concurrency=A3=A9=BC=B0=CA=FD=BE=DD=D2=BB=D6=C2=D0=D4=A3=A8data =
consistency=A3=A9=BD=F8=D0=D0=BF=D8=D6=C6=CA=C7=C1=BD=CF=EE=BC=AB=CE=AA=D6=
=D8=D2=AA=B5=C4=B9=A4=D7=F7=A1=A3
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px"><B>=CA=FD=BE=DD=B2=A2=B7=A2=B7=C3=CE=CA</B>=D6=B8=B6=E0=D3=C3=BB=A7=
=CD=AC=CA=B1=B7=C3=CE=CA=CF=E0=CD=AC=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=A1=A3=20
        <LI=20
        style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px"><B>=CA=FD=BE=DD=D2=BB=D6=C2=D0=D4</B>=D6=B8=CF=B5=CD=B3=D6=D0=C3=BF=
=B8=F6=D3=C3=BB=A7=B6=BC=C4=DC=B9=BB=C8=A1=B5=C3=BE=DF=B1=B8=D2=BB=D6=C2=D0=
=D4=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=A3=AC=CD=AC=CA=B1=BB=B9=C4=DC=B9=BB=BF=B4=B5=BD=D7=D4=
=BC=BA=BB=F2=C6=E4=CB=FB=D3=C3=BB=A7=CB=F9=CC=E1=BD=BB=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=B6=
=D4=CA=FD=BE=DD=B5=C4=D0=DE=B8=C4=A1=A3=20
        </LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">005</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">To =
describe=20
      consistent transaction behavior when transactions run at the same =
time,=20
      database researchers have defined a transaction isolation model =
called=20
      <B>serializability</B>. The serializable mode of transaction =
behavior=20
      tries to ensure that transactions run in such a way that they =
appear to be=20
      executed one at a time, or serially, rather than =
concurrently.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=CE=AA=C1=CB=C3=E8=CA=F6=CD=AC=CA=B1=D6=B4=D0=D0=B5=C4=B6=E0=
=B8=F6=CA=C2=CE=F1=C8=E7=BA=CE=CA=B5=CF=D6=CA=FD=BE=DD=D2=BB=D6=C2=D0=D4=A3=
=AC=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=D1=D0=BE=BF=C8=CB=D4=B1=B6=A8=D2=E5=C1=CB=B1=BB=B3=C6=
=CE=AA<B>=B4=AE=D0=D0=BB=AF=B4=A6=C0=ED</B>=A3=A8serializability=A3=A9=B5=
=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=B8=F4=C0=EB=C4=A3=D0=CD=A3=A8transaction=20
      isolation=20
  =
model=A3=A9=A1=A3=B5=B1=CB=F9=D3=D0=CA=C2=CE=F1=B6=BC=B2=C9=C8=A1=B4=AE=D0=
=D0=BB=AF=B5=C4=C4=A3=CA=BD=D6=B4=D0=D0=CA=B1=A3=AC=CE=D2=C3=C7=BF=C9=D2=D4=
=C8=CF=CE=AA=CD=AC=D2=BB=CA=B1=BC=E4=D6=BB=D3=D0=D2=BB=B8=F6=CA=C2=CE=F1=D4=
=DA=D4=CB=D0=D0=A3=A8=B4=AE=D0=D0=B5=C4=A3=A9=A3=AC=B6=F8=B7=C7=B2=A2=B7=A2=
=B5=C4=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">006</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">While =
this degree of=20
      isolation between transactions is generally desirable, running =
many=20
      applications in this mode can seriously compromise application =
throughput.=20
      Complete isolation of concurrently running transactions could mean =
that=20
      one transaction cannot perform an insert into a table being =
queried by=20
      another transaction. In short, real-world considerations usually =
require a=20
      compromise between perfect transaction isolation and =
performance.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=D2=D4=B4=AE=D0=D0=BB=AF=C4=A3=CA=BD=B6=D4=CA=C2=CE=F1=BD=F8=
=D0=D0=B8=F4=C0=EB=B5=C4=D0=A7=B9=FB=BA=DC=BA=C3=A3=AC=B5=AB=D4=DA=B4=CB=D6=
=D6=C4=A3=CA=BD=CF=C2=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=B5=C4=D0=A7=C2=CA=BD=AB=B4=F3=
=B4=F3=BD=B5=B5=CD=A1=A3=BD=AB=B2=A2=D0=D0=D6=B4=D0=D0=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=CD=
=EA=C8=AB=B8=F4=C0=EB=D2=E2=CE=B6=D7=C5=BC=B4=B1=E3=B5=B1=C7=B0=D6=BB=B4=E6=
=D4=DA=D2=BB=B8=F6=B6=D4=B1=ED=BD=F8=D0=D0=B2=E9=D1=AF=A3=A8query=A3=A9=B5=
=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=A3=AC=C6=E4=CB=FB=CA=C2=CE=F1=20
      =
=D2=B2=B2=BB=C4=DC=D4=D9=B6=D4=B4=CB=B1=ED=BD=F8=D0=D0=B2=E5=C8=EB=A3=A8i=
nsert=A3=A9=B2=D9=D7=F7=C1=CB=A1=A3=D7=DC=D6=AE=A3=AC=CE=AA=C1=CB=C2=FA=D7=
=E3=CA=B5=BC=CA=D2=AA=C7=F3=A3=AC=CE=D2=C3=C7=D0=E8=D2=AA=D4=DA=CA=C2=CE=F1=
=B5=C4=B8=F4=C0=EB=B3=CC=B6=C8=D3=EB=D3=A6=D3=C3=B5=C4=D0=D4=C4=DC=D6=AE=BC=
=E4=D5=D2=B3=F6=D2=BB=B8=F6=C6=BD=BA=E2=B5=E3=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">007</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle =
offers two=20
      isolation levels, providing application developers with =
operational modes=20
      that preserve consistency and provide high =
performance.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle =
=D6=A7=B3=D6=C1=BD=D6=D6=CA=C2=CE=F1=B8=F4=C0=EB=BC=B6=B1=F0=A3=A8isolati=
on=20
      =
level=A3=A9=A3=AC=CA=B9=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=BF=AA=B7=A2=D5=DF=D4=DA=B6=
=D4=CA=C2=CE=F1=BD=F8=D0=D0=BF=D8=D6=C6=CA=B1=A3=AC=BC=C8=C4=DC=B1=A3=D6=A4=
=CA=FD=BE=DD=B5=C4=D2=BB=D6=C2=D0=D4=A3=AC=D3=D6=C4=DC=BB=F1=B5=C3=C1=BC=BA=
=C3=B5=C4=D0=D4=C4=DC=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">008</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>
        <P><B>See Also:</B><BR><BR>Chapter 21, "<A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/a">Data=20
        Integrity</A>" for information about data integrity, which =
enforces=20
        business rules associated with a database</P></BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>=C1=ED=BC=FB=A3=BA</B><BR><BR>=B5=DA 21 =
=D5=C2=A3=AC=A1=B0<A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/a">=CA=FD=BE=DD=CD=EA=
=D5=FB=D0=D4</A>=A1=B1=20
        =C1=CB=BD=E2=CA=FD=BE=DD=CD=EA=D5=FB=D0=D4=A3=A8data =
integrity=A3=A9=C8=E7=BA=CE=C8=B7=B1=A3=CA=FD=BE=DD=B7=FB=BA=CF=D2=B5=CE=F1=
=B9=E6=D4=F2</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">009</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H2><A name=3De.13.1.1></A><SPAN=20
      style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">Preventable Phenomena</SPAN> =
and=20
      Transaction Isolation Levels</H2></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H2><A name=3Dc.13.1.1></A>13.1.1 =
=D0=E8=D2=AA=B7=C0=D6=B9=B5=C4=CF=D6=CF=F3=BA=CD=CA=C2=CE=F1=B8=F4=C0=EB=BC=
=B6=B1=F0</H2></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">010</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">The =
ANSI/ISO SQL=20
      standard (SQL92) defines four levels of transaction isolation with =

      differing degrees of impact on transaction processing throughput. =
These=20
      isolation levels are defined in terms of three phenomena that must =
be=20
      prevented between concurrently executing =
transactions.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">ANSI/ISO SQL=20
      =
=B1=EA=D7=BC=A3=A8SQL92=A3=A9=B6=A8=D2=E5=C1=CB=CB=C4=D6=D6=CA=C2=CE=F1=B8=
=F4=C0=EB=BC=B6=B1=F0=A3=A8transaction isolation=20
      =
level=A3=A9=A3=AC=D5=E2=CB=C4=D6=D6=B8=F4=C0=EB=BC=B6=B1=F0=CB=F9=C4=DC=CC=
=E1=B9=A9=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=B4=A6=C0=ED=C4=DC=C1=A6=B8=F7=B2=BB=CF=E0=CD=AC=
=A1=A3=D5=E2=D0=A9=CA=C2=CE=F1=B8=F4=C0=EB=BC=B6=B1=F0=CA=C7=D5=EB=B6=D4=C8=
=FD=D6=D6=CF=D6=CF=F3=B6=A8=D2=E5=B5=C4=A3=AC=D4=DA=B2=A2=B7=A2=CA=C2=CE=F1=
=D6=B4=D0=D0=CA=B1=A3=AC=D0=E8=D2=AA=D7=E8=D6=B9=D5=E2=C8=FD=D6=D6=CF=D6=CF=
=F3=20
      =
=D6=D0=B5=C4=D2=BB=D6=D6=BB=F2=B6=E0=D6=D6=B7=A2=C9=FA=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</T=
D></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">011</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">The =
three=20
      preventable phenomena are:
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Dirty reads: A transaction =
reads data=20
        that has been written by another transaction that has not been =
committed=20
        yet.=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Nonrepeatable (fuzzy) reads: A =

        transaction rereads data it has previously read and finds that =
another=20
        committed transaction has modified or deleted the data.=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Phantom reads (or phantoms): A =

        transaction re-runs a query returning a set of rows that =
satisfies a=20
        search condition and finds that another committed transaction =
has=20
        inserted additional rows that satisfy the condition. =
</LI></UL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=C8=FD=D6=D6=D0=E8=D2=AA=D7=E8=D6=B9=B5=C4=CF=D6=CF=F3=A3=A8=
preventable phenomena=A3=A9=CA=C7=A3=BA
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">=D4=E0=B6=C1=C8=A1=A3=A8dirty =
read=A3=A9=A3=BA=D2=BB=B8=F6=CA=C2=CE=F1=B6=C1=C8=A1=C1=CB=B1=BB=C6=E4=CB=
=FB=CA=C2=CE=F1=D0=B4=C8=EB=B5=AB=BB=B9=CE=B4=CC=E1=BD=BB=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=
=A1=A3=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=B2=BB=BF=C9=D6=D8=B8=B4=B6=C1=C8=A1=A3=A8nonrepeatable=20
        =
read=A3=A9=A3=BA=D2=BB=B8=F6=CA=C2=CE=F1=D4=D9=B4=CE=B6=C1=C8=A1=C6=E4=D6=
=AE=C7=B0=D4=F8=BE=AD=B6=C1=C8=A1=B9=FD=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=CA=B1=A3=AC=B7=A2=
=CF=D6=CA=FD=BE=DD=D2=D1=B1=BB=C6=E4=CB=FB=D2=D1=CC=E1=BD=BB=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=
=F1=D0=DE=B8=C4=BB=F2=C9=BE=B3=FD=A1=A3=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=B2=BB=B4=E6=D4=DA=B6=C1=C8=A1=A3=A8phantom=20
        =
read=A3=A9=A3=BA=CA=C2=CE=F1=B0=B4=D5=D5=D6=AE=C7=B0=B5=C4=CC=F5=BC=FE=D6=
=D8=D0=C2=B2=E9=D1=AF=CA=B1=A3=AC=B7=B5=BB=D8=B5=C4=BD=E1=B9=FB=BC=AF=D6=D0=
=B0=FC=BA=AC=C6=E4=CB=FB=D2=D1=CC=E1=BD=BB=CA=C2=CE=F1=B2=E5=C8=EB=B5=C4=C2=
=FA=D7=E3=CC=F5=BC=FE=B5=C4=D0=C2=CA=FD=BE=DD=A1=A3 </LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">012</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">SQL92 =
defines four=20
      levels of isolation in terms of the phenomena a transaction =
running at a=20
      particular isolation level is permitted to experience. They are =
shown in=20
      <A=20
      =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/13.Data%20Concurrency=
%20and%20Consistency.htm#e.t.13.1"=20
      target=3D_self>Table 13-1</A>:<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">SQL92=20
      =
=B1=EA=D7=BC=D6=D0=B6=A8=D2=E5=C1=CB=CB=C4=B8=F6=B8=F4=C0=EB=BC=B6=B1=F0=A3=
=AC=D4=DA=B8=F7=B8=F4=C0=EB=BC=B6=B1=F0=D6=D0=A3=AC=D4=CA=D0=ED=B7=A2=C9=FA=
=C9=CF=CA=F6=C8=FD=D6=D6=D0=E8=D2=AA=D7=E8=D6=B9=B5=C4=CF=D6=CF=F3=D6=D0=B5=
=C4=D2=BB=D6=D6=BB=F2=B6=E0=D6=D6=A1=A3=CF=EA=CF=B8=C7=E9=BF=F6=BC=FB<A=20
      =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/13.Data%20Concurrency=
%20and%20Consistency.htm#c.t.13.1"=20
      target=3D_self>=B1=ED13-1</A>=A3=BA<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">013</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%"><A=20
      name=3De.t.13.1></A><I><B><FONT size=3D2>Table 13-1 Preventable =
Read Phenomena=20
      by Isolation Level<BR>=A1=A1</FONT></B></I></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%"><A =
name=3Dc.t.13.1></A><I><B><FONT=20
      size=3D2>=B1=ED13-1 =
=B8=F7=B8=F4=C0=EB=BC=B6=B1=F0=D6=D0=D4=CA=D0=ED=B3=F6=CF=D6=B5=C4=D0=E8=D2=
=AA=B7=C0=D6=B9=B5=C4=B6=C1=C8=A1=CF=D6=CF=F3<BR>=A1=A1</FONT></B></I></T=
D></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">014</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <TABLE id=3Dtable20 cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D"100%" =
border=3D0>
        <TBODY>
        <TR>
          <TD colSpan=3D4>
            <HR>
          </TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD><FONT color=3D#0000ff><B>Isolation Level</B></FONT></TD>
          <TD><B><FONT color=3D#0000ff>Dirty Read</FONT></B></TD>
          <TD><B><FONT color=3D#0000ff>Nonrepeatable =
Read</FONT></B></TD>
          <TD><B><FONT color=3D#0000ff>Phantom Read</FONT></B></TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD colSpan=3D4>
            <HR>
          </TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop>Read uncommitted<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop>Possible</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop>Possible</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop>Possible</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop>Read committed<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop>Not possible<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop>Possible</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop>Possible</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop>Repeatable read<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop>Not possible<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop>Not possible</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop>Possible</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop>Serializable<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop>Not possible<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop>Not possible</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop>Not =
possible</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <TABLE id=3Dtable26 cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D"100%" =
border=3D0>
        <TBODY>
        <TR>
          <TD colSpan=3D4>
            <HR>
          </TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"27%" height=3D16><FONT=20
            =
color=3D#0000ff><B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;=20
            =CF=D6=CF=F3</B></FONT></TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"16%" rowSpan=3D2><FONT=20
            color=3D#0000ff><B>=D4=E0=B6=C1=C8=A1</B></FONT></TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"26%" rowSpan=3D2><FONT=20
            =
color=3D#0000ff><B>=B2=BB=BF=C9=D6=D8=B8=B4=B6=C1=C8=A1</B></FONT></TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"22%" rowSpan=3D2><FONT=20
            =
color=3D#0000ff><B>=B2=BB=B4=E6=D4=DA=B6=C1=C8=A1</B></FONT></TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"27%"><FONT=20
        color=3D#0000ff><B>=B8=F4=C0=EB=BC=B6=B1=F0</B></FONT></TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD colSpan=3D4>
            <HR>
          </TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop>=CE=B4=CC=E1=BD=BB=B6=C1=C8=A1=A3=A8read =
uncommitted=A3=A9<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"16%">=D4=CA=D0=ED</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"26%">=D4=CA=D0=ED</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"22%">=D4=CA=D0=ED</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop>=D2=D1=CC=E1=BD=BB=B6=C1=C8=A1=A3=A8read =
committed=A3=A9<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop =
width=3D"16%">=B2=BB=D4=CA=D0=ED<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"26%">=D4=CA=D0=ED</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"22%">=D4=CA=D0=ED</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD =
vAlign=3Dtop>=BF=C9=D6=D8=B8=B4=B6=C1=C8=A1=A3=A8repeatable =
read=A3=A9<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop =
width=3D"16%">=B2=BB=D4=CA=D0=ED<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"26%">=B2=BB=D4=CA=D0=ED</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"22%">=D4=CA=D0=ED</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD =
vAlign=3Dtop>=B4=AE=D0=D0=BB=AF=A3=A8rerializable=A3=A9<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop =
width=3D"16%">=B2=BB=D4=CA=D0=ED<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"26%">=B2=BB=D4=CA=D0=ED</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop =
width=3D"22%">=B2=BB=D4=CA=D0=ED</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>=A1=A1</TD></TR=
>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">015</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle =
offers the=20
      read committed and serializable isolation levels, as well as a =
read-only=20
      mode that is not part of SQL92. Read committed is the =
default.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle =
=D6=A7=B3=D6=C8=FD=D6=D6=CA=C2=CE=F1=B8=F4=C0=EB=BC=B6=B1=F0=A3=BA=D2=D1=CC=
=E1=BD=BB=B6=C1=C8=A1=A3=AC=B4=AE=D0=D0=BB=AF=A3=AC=D2=D4=BC=B0 SQL92=20
      =
=D6=D0=C3=BB=D3=D0=B0=FC=BA=AC=B5=C4=D6=BB=B6=C1=C4=A3=CA=BD=A3=A8read-on=
ly mode=A3=A9=A1=A3=D2=D1=CC=E1=BD=BB=B6=C1=C8=A1=CA=C7 Oracle =
=C4=AC=C8=CF=CA=B9=D3=C3=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=B8=F4=C0=EB=BC=B6=B1=F0=A1=A3<=
BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">016</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>See Also:</B><BR><BR>"<A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/13.Data%20Concurrency=
%20and%20Consistency.htm#e.13.2"=20
        target=3D_self>How Oracle Manages Data Concurrency and =
Consistency</A>"=20
        for a full discussion of read committed and serializable =
isolation=20
      levels</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>=C1=ED=BC=FB=A3=BA</B><BR><BR>=A1=B0<A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/13.Data%20Concurrency=
%20and%20Consistency.htm#c.13.2"=20
        target=3D_self>Oracle=20
    =
=C8=E7=BA=CE=B9=DC=C0=ED=CA=FD=BE=DD=B2=A2=B7=A2=B7=C3=CE=CA=BC=B0=CA=FD=BE=
=DD=D2=BB=D6=C2=D0=D4</A>=A1=B1=CF=EA=CF=B8=C1=CB=BD=E2=D2=D1=CC=E1=BD=BB=
=B6=C1=C8=A1=BC=B0=B4=AE=D0=D0=BB=AF=C1=BD=D6=D6=CA=C2=CE=F1=B8=F4=C0=EB=BC=
=B6=B1=F0</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">017</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H2><A name=3De.13.1.2></A>Overview of Locking =
Mechanisms</H2></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H2><A name=3Dc.13.1.2></A>13.1.2 =
=CB=F8=BB=FA=D6=C6=B8=C5=CA=F6</H2></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">018</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">In =
general,=20
      multiuser databases use some form of data locking to solve the =
problems=20
      associated with data concurrency, consistency, and integrity. =
<B>Locks</B>=20
      are mechanisms that prevent destructive interaction between =
transactions=20
      accessing the same resource.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=CD=A8=B3=A3=A3=AC=B6=E0=D3=C3=BB=A7=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=D0=E8=
=D2=AA=C0=FB=D3=C3=CB=F8=BB=FA=D6=C6=BD=E2=BE=F6=CA=FD=BE=DD=B2=A2=B7=A2=B7=
=C3=CE=CA=A3=AC=CA=FD=BE=DD=D2=BB=D6=C2=D0=D4=BC=B0=CD=EA=D5=FB=D0=D4=CE=CA=
=CC=E2=A1=A3=CB=F8=A3=A8lock=A3=A9=CA=C7=D2=BB=D6=D6=B7=C0=D6=B9=B6=E0=B8=
=F6=CA=C2=CE=F1=B7=C3=CE=CA=CD=AC=D2=BB=D7=CA=D4=B4=CA=B1=B2=FA=C9=FA=C6=C6=
=BB=B5=D0=D4=B5=C4=CF=E0=BB=A5=D3=B0=CF=EC=B5=C4=BB=FA=D6=C6=A1=A3<BR>=A1=
=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">019</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Resources include=20
      two general types of objects:
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">User objects, such as tables =
and rows=20
        (structures and data)=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">System objects not visible to =
users,=20
        such as shared data structures in the memory and data dictionary =
rows=20
        </LI></UL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=C7=B0=C3=E6=CC=E1=B5=BD=B5=C4=D7=CA=D4=B4=A3=A8resource=A3=
=A9=B4=F3=D6=C2=BF=C9=D2=D4=B7=D6=CE=AA=C1=BD=C0=E0=A3=BA
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=D3=C3=BB=A7=B6=D4=CF=F3=A3=AC=C0=FD=C8=E7=B1=ED=BC=B0=CA=FD=BE=DD=D0=
=D0=A3=A8=BC=B4=CA=FD=BE=DD=BD=E1=B9=B9=BC=B0=C6=E4=D6=D0=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=
=A3=A9=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=B6=D4=D3=C3=BB=A7=B2=BB=BF=C9=BC=FB=B5=C4=CF=B5=CD=B3=B6=D4=CF=F3=A3=
=AC=C0=FD=C8=E7=C4=DA=B4=E6=D6=D0=B5=C4=B9=B2=CF=ED=CA=FD=BE=DD=BD=E1=B9=B9=
=A3=A8shared data=20
        structure=A3=A9=CA=FD=BE=DD=D7=D6=B5=E4=D6=D0=B5=C4=D0=C5=CF=A2 =
</LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">020</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>See Also:</B><BR><BR>"<A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/13.Data%20Concurrency=
%20and%20Consistency.htm#e.13.3"=20
        target=3D_self>How Oracle Locks Data</A>" for more information =
about=20
      locks</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>=C1=ED=BC=FB=A3=BA</B><BR><BR>=A1=B0<A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/13.Data%20Concurrency=
%20and%20Consistency.htm#c.13.3"=20
        target=3D_self>Oracle =
=C8=E7=BA=CE=CB=F8=CA=FD=BE=DD</A>=A1=B1=C1=CB=BD=E2=B8=FC=B6=E0=B9=D8=D3=
=DA=CB=F8=B5=C4=D0=C5=CF=A2</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">021</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H1><SPAN style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 20pt"><A name=3De.13.2></A>How =
Oracle Manages=20
      Data Concurrency and Consistency</SPAN></H1></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H1><A name=3Dc.13.2></A><SPAN style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 20pt">13.2 =
Oracle=20
      =
=C8=E7=BA=CE=B9=DC=C0=ED=CA=FD=BE=DD=B2=A2=B7=A2=B7=C3=CE=CA=BC=B0=CA=FD=BE=
=DD=D2=BB=D6=C2=D0=D4</SPAN></H1></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">022</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle =
maintains=20
      data consistency in a multiuser environment by using a =
multiversion=20
      consistency model and various types of locks and transactions. The =

      following topics are discussed in this section:
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/13.Data%20Concurrency=
%20and%20Consistency.htm#e.13.2.1"=20
        target=3D_self>Multiversion Concurrency Control</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/13.Data%20Concurrency=
%20and%20Consistency.htm#e.13.2.2"=20
        target=3D_self>Statement-Level Read Consistency</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/13.Data%20Concurrency=
%20and%20Consistency.htm#e.13.2.3"=20
        target=3D_self>Transaction-Level Read Consistency</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/13.Data%20Concurrency=
%20and%20Consistency.htm#e.13.2.4"=20
        target=3D_self>Read Consistency with Real Application =
Clusters</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/13.Data%20Concurrency=
%20and%20Consistency.htm#e.13.2.5"=20
        target=3D_self>Oracle Isolation Levels</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/13.Data%20Concurrency=
%20and%20Consistency.htm#e.13.2.6"=20
        target=3D_self>Comparison of Read Committed and Serializable =
Isolation</A>=20

        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/13.Data%20Concurrency=
%20and%20Consistency.htm#e.13.2.7"=20
        target=3D_self>Choice of Isolation Level</A> </LI></UL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle =
=C0=FB=D3=C3=B6=E0=B0=E6=B1=BE=D2=BB=D6=C2=D0=D4=C4=A3=D0=CD=A3=A8multive=
rsion=20
      consistency =
model=A3=A9=A3=AC=B8=F7=D6=D6=C0=E0=D0=CD=B5=C4=CB=F8=A3=A8lock=A3=A9=BC=B0=
=CA=C2=CE=F1=A3=A8transaction=A3=A9=C0=B4=B9=DC=C0=ED=B6=E0=D3=C3=BB=A7=CF=
=B5=CD=B3=D6=D0=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=D2=BB=D6=C2=D0=D4=A3=A8data=20
      =
consistency=A3=A9=A1=A3=B1=BE=BD=DA=CC=D6=C2=DB=D2=D4=CF=C2=D6=F7=CC=E2=A3=
=BA
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/13.Data%20Concurrency=
%20and%20Consistency.htm#c.13.2.1"=20
        =
target=3D_self>=B6=E0=B0=E6=B1=BE=B2=A2=B7=A2=B7=C3=CE=CA=BF=D8=D6=C6</A>=
=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/13.Data%20Concurrency=
%20and%20Consistency.htm#c.13.2.2"=20
        target=3D_self>=D3=EF=BE=E4=BC=B6=B6=C1=D2=BB=D6=C2=D0=D4</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/13.Data%20Concurrency=
%20and%20Consistency.htm#c.13.2.3"=20
        target=3D_self>=CA=C2=CE=F1=BC=B6=B6=C1=D2=BB=D6=C2=D0=D4</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/13.Data%20Concurrency=
%20and%20Consistency.htm#c.13.2.4"=20
        target=3D_self>RAC =
=BB=B7=BE=B3=CF=C2=B5=C4=B6=C1=D2=BB=D6=C2=D0=D4</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/13.Data%20Concurrency=
%20and%20Consistency.htm#c.13.2.5"=20
        target=3D_self>Oracle =CA=C2=CE=F1=B8=F4=C0=EB=BC=B6=B1=F0</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/13.Data%20Concurrency=
%20and%20Consistency.htm#c.13.2.6"=20
        target=3D_self>=D2=D1=CC=E1=BD=BB=B6=C1=C8=A1 =
=B8=F4=C0=EB=D3=EB=B4=AE=D0=D0=BB=AF=B8=F4=C0=EB=B5=C4=C7=F8=B1=F0</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/13.Data%20Concurrency=
%20and%20Consistency.htm#c.13.2.7"=20
        =
target=3D_self>=D1=A1=D4=F1=CA=C2=CE=F1=B8=F4=C0=EB=BC=B6=B1=F0</A> =
</LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">023</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H2><A name=3De.13.2.1></A>Multiversion Concurrency =
Control</H2></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H2><A name=3Dc.13.2.1></A>13.2.1 =
=B6=E0=B0=E6=B1=BE=B2=A2=B7=A2=B7=C3=CE=CA=BF=D8=D6=C6</H2></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">024</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle =
automatically=20
      provides read consistency to a query so that all the data that the =
query=20
      sees comes from a single point in time (<B>statement-level read=20
      consistency</B>). Oracle can also provide read consistency to all =
of the=20
      queries in a transaction (<B>transaction-level read=20
    consistency</B>).<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle =
=C4=DC=B9=BB=D7=D4=B6=AF=B5=D8=CA=B5=CF=D6=D2=BB=B8=F6=B2=E9=D1=AF=B5=C4=B6=
=C1=D2=BB=D6=C2=D0=D4=A3=A8read=20
      =
consistency=A3=A9=A3=AC=BC=B4=D2=BB=B8=F6=B2=E9=D1=AF=CB=F9=BB=F1=B5=C3=B5=
=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=C0=B4=D7=D4=CD=AC=D2=BB=CA=B1=BC=E4=B5=E3=A3=A8single =
point in=20
      =
time=A3=A9=A3=A8=D5=E2=D2=B2=B1=BB=B3=C6=CE=AA<B>=D3=EF=BE=E4=BC=B6=B6=C1=
=D2=BB=D6=C2=D0=D4</B>=A3=A8statement-level read =
consistency=A3=A9=A3=A9=A1=A3Oracle=20
      =
=BB=B9=C4=DC=C1=EE=D2=BB=B8=F6=CA=C2=CE=F1=C4=DA=B5=C4=CB=F9=D3=D0=B2=E9=D1=
=AF=B6=BC=BE=DF=B1=B8=B6=C1=D2=BB=D6=C2=D0=D4=A3=A8=BC=B4<B>=CA=C2=CE=F1=BC=
=B6=B6=C1=D2=BB=D6=C2=D0=D4</B>=A3=A8transaction-level read=20
      consistency=A3=A9=A3=A9=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">025</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle =
uses the=20
      information maintained in its rollback segments to provide these=20
      consistent views. The rollback segments contain the old values of =
data=20
      that have been changed by uncommitted or recently committed =
transactions.=20
      <A=20
      =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/13.Data%20Concurrency=
%20and%20Consistency.htm#e.f.13.1"=20
      target=3D_self>Figure 13-1</A> shows how Oracle provides =
statement-level=20
      read consistency using data in rollback segments.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle =
=C0=FB=D3=C3=BB=D8=B9=F6=B6=CE=A3=A8rollback=20
      =
segment=A3=A9=D6=D0=B5=C4=D0=C5=CF=A2=C9=FA=B3=C9=D2=BB=B8=F6=C4=DC=B1=A3=
=D6=A4=D2=BB=D6=C2=D0=D4=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=CA=D3=CD=BC=A1=A3=BB=D8=B9=F6=B6=
=CE=C4=DA=B1=A3=B4=E6=C1=CB=CE=B4=CC=E1=BD=BB=BB=F2=D7=EE=BD=FC=CC=E1=BD=BB=
=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=D6=D0=CB=F9=D0=DE=B8=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=B5=C4=D4=AD=D6=B5=A1=
=A3<A=20
      =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/13.Data%20Concurrency=
%20and%20Consistency.htm#c.f.13.1"=20
      target=3D_self>=CD=BC13-1</A> =D5=B9=CA=BE=C1=CB Oracle =
=C8=E7=BA=CE=C0=FB=D3=C3=BB=D8=B9=F6=B6=CE=CA=B5=CF=D6=D3=EF=BE=E4=BC=B6=B5=
=C4=B6=C1=D2=BB=D6=C2=D0=D4=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">026</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%"><I><B><FONT=20
      size=3D2><A name=3De.f.13.1></A>Figure 13-1 Transactions and Read=20
      Consistency<BR>=A1=A1</FONT></B></I></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%"><A =
name=3Dc.f.13.1></A><I><B><FONT=20
      size=3D2>=CD=BC13-1 =
=CA=C2=CE=F1=BC=B0=B6=C1=D2=BB=D6=C2=D0=D4</FONT></B></I></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">027</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <P align=3Dcenter><A=20
      =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/img/e.cncpt069.gif"><IMG=20
      height=3D381=20
      =
src=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.C=
oncept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/img/e.cncpt069.gif"=20
      width=3D359 border=3D0></A><BR>=A1=A1</P></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <P align=3Dcenter><A=20
      =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/img/c.cncpt069.gif"><IMG=20
      height=3D381=20
      =
src=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.C=
oncept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/img/c.cncpt069.gif"=20
      width=3D359 border=3D0></A><BR>=A1=A1</P></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">028</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">As a =
query enters=20
      the execution stage, the current system change number (SCN) is =
determined.=20
      In <A=20
      =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/13.Data%20Concurrency=
%20and%20Consistency.htm#e.f.13.1"=20
      target=3D_self>Figure 13-1</A>, this system change number is =
10023. As data=20
      blocks are read on behalf of the query, only blocks written with =
the=20
      observed SCN are used. Blocks with changed data (more recent SCNs) =
are=20
      reconstructed from data in the rollback segments, and the =
reconstructed=20
      data is returned for the query. <SPAN=20
      style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">Therefore, each query returns =
all=20
      committed data with respect to the SCN recorded at the time that =
query=20
      execution began.</SPAN> Changes of other transactions that occur =
during a=20
      query's execution are not observed, guaranteeing that consistent =
data is=20
      returned for each query.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D4=DA=B2=E9=D1=AF=BF=AA=CA=BC=D6=B4=D0=D0=CA=B1=A3=AC=BD=AB=
=BC=C7=C2=BC=B5=B1=C7=B0=B5=C4=CF=B5=CD=B3=B1=E4=BB=AF=B1=E0=BA=C5=A3=A8s=
ystem change=20
      number=A3=ACSCN=A3=A9=A1=A3=D4=DA <A=20
      =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/13.Data%20Concurrency=
%20and%20Consistency.htm#c.f.13.1"=20
      target=3D_self>=CD=BC13-1</A> =
=D6=D0=A3=AC=BC=C7=C2=BC=B5=C4=CF=B5=CD=B3=B1=E4=BB=AF=B1=E0=BA=C5=CE=AA =

      =
10023=A1=A3=B5=B1=B2=E9=D1=AF=BD=F8=D0=D0=C9=A8=C3=E8=CA=B1=A3=AC=D6=BB=BB=
=E1=CA=B9=D3=C3=D3=D0=D0=A7=B5=C4=A3=A8observed=A3=A9=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E9=A1=
=A3=C8=E7=B9=FB=C4=B3=B8=F6=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E9=C4=DA=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=B1=BB=
=D0=DE=B8=C4=B9=FD=A3=A8=BC=B4=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E9=B5=C4 SCN =
=CD=ED=D3=DA=B2=E9=D1=AF=BF=AA=CA=BC=D6=B4=D0=D0=CA=B1=BC=C7=C2=BC=B5=C4 =

      SCN=A3=A9=A3=ACOracle=20
      =
=BD=AB=CA=B9=D3=C3=BB=D8=B9=F6=B6=CE=D6=D0=B5=C4=D0=C5=CF=A2=D6=D8=BD=A8=B4=
=CB=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E9=A3=AC=B2=A2=D2=D4=D6=D8=BD=A8=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E9=
=CC=E6=B4=FA=B1=BB=D0=DE=B8=C4=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E9=B9=A9=B2=E9=D1=AF=CA=
=B9=D3=C3=A1=A3=D2=F2=B4=CB=A3=AC=B2=E9=D1=AF=B5=C4=BD=E1=B9=FB=BC=AF=D6=BB=
=B0=FC=BA=AC=B2=E9=D1=AF=BF=AA=CA=BC=D6=B4=D0=D0=CA=B1=BE=CD=D2=D1=BE=AD=CC=
=E1=BD=BB=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=A1=A3=D4=DA=B2=E9=D1=AF=D6=B4=D0=D0=CA=B1=A3=AC=
=C6=E4=CB=FB=CA=C2=CE=F1=D0=DE=B8=C4=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=B6=D4=B4=CB=B2=E9=D1=
=AF=C0=B4=CB=B5=CA=C7=CE=DE=D0=A7=B5=C4=A3=AC=D5=E2=B1=A3=D6=A4=C1=CB=C3=BF=
=B8=F6=B2=E9=D1=AF=B6=BC=C4=DC=20
      =
=B5=C3=B5=BD=C2=FA=D7=E3=D2=BB=D6=C2=D0=D4=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=A1=A3<BR>=A1=
=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">029</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H2><A name=3De.13.2.2></A>Statement-Level Read =
Consistency</H2></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H2><A name=3Dc.13.2.2></A>13.2.2 =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=BC=B6=B6=C1=D2=BB=D6=C2=D0=D4</H2></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">030</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle =
always=20
      enforces <B>statement-level</B> read consistency. This guarantees =
that all=20
      the data returned by a single query comes from a single point in =
time=A1=AAthe=20
      time that the query began. Therefore, a query never sees dirty =
data or any=20
      of the changes made by transactions that commit during query =
execution. As=20
      query execution proceeds, only data committed before the query =
began is=20
      visible to the query. The query does not see changes committed =
after=20
      statement execution begins.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle=20
      =
=C7=BF=D6=C6=CA=B5=CF=D6<B>=D3=EF=BE=E4=BC=B6=B6=C1=D2=BB=D6=C2=D0=D4</B>=
=A3=A8statement-level read=20
      =
consistency=A3=A9=A1=A3=D5=E2=B1=A3=D6=A4=C1=CB=B5=A5=D2=BB=B2=E9=D1=AF=B5=
=C4=BD=E1=B9=FB=BC=AF=C0=B4=D7=D4=D2=BB=B8=F6=CA=B1=BC=E4=B5=E3=A1=AA=A1=AA=
=BC=B4=B2=E9=D1=AF=BF=AA=CA=BC=D6=B4=D0=D0=B5=C4=CA=B1=BC=E4=A1=A3=D2=F2=B4=
=CB=A3=AC=D2=BB=B8=F6=B2=E9=D1=AF=B5=C4=BD=E1=B9=FB=BC=AF=D3=C0=D4=B6=B2=BB=
=BB=E1=B0=FC=BA=AC=D4=E0=CA=FD=BE=DD=BC=B0=B4=CB=B2=E9=D1=AF=D6=B4=D0=D0=CA=
=B1=C6=E4=CB=FB=CA=C2=CE=F1=CC=E1=BD=BB=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=A1=A3=D4=DA=D2=BB=
=B8=F6=B2=E9=D1=AF=D6=B4=D0=D0=C6=DA=BC=E4=A3=AC=D6=BB=D3=D0=D4=DA=B2=E9=D1=
=AF=D6=B4=D0=D0=C7=B0=CC=E1=BD=BB=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=B6=D4=B4=CB=B2=E9=D1=AF=
=B2=C5=CA=C7=BF=C9=BC=FB=B5=C4=A1=A3=B2=E9=D1=AF=CE=DE=B7=A8=BF=B4=B5=BD=C6=
=E4=BF=AA=CA=BC=D6=B4=D0=D0=BA=F3=CC=E1=BD=BB=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=A1=A3<BR>=
=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">031</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">A =
consistent result=20
      set is provided for every query, guaranteeing data consistency, =
with no=20
      action on the user's part. The SQL statements <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>SELECT</FONT>, <FONT color=3D#0000ff>INSERT</FONT> =
with a=20
      subquery, <FONT color=3D#0000ff>UPDATE</FONT>, and <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>DELETE</FONT> all query data, either explicitly or =

      implicitly, and all return consistent data. Each of these =
statements uses=20
      a query to determine which data it will affect (<FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>SELECT</FONT>, <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>INSERT</FONT>, <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>UPDATE</FONT>, or <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>DELETE</FONT>,=20
      respectively).<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=C8=CE=BA=CE=D2=BB=B8=F6=B2=E9=D1=AF=B6=BC=C4=DC=B5=C3=B5=BD=
=C2=FA=D7=E3=D2=BB=D6=C2=D0=D4=B5=C4=BD=E1=B9=FB=BC=AF=A3=AC=D5=E2=B1=A3=D6=
=A4=C1=CB=D3=C3=BB=A7=CE=DE=D0=E8=B6=EE=CD=E2=B2=D9=D7=F7=BE=CD=C4=DC=C8=B7=
=B1=A3=CA=FD=BE=DD=D2=BB=D6=C2=D0=D4=A1=A3<FONT=20
      =
color=3D#0000ff>SELECT</FONT>=A3=AC=CA=B9=D3=C3=D7=D3=B2=E9=D1=AF=B5=C4 =
<FONT=20
      =
color=3D#0000ff>INSERT</FONT>=A3=AC=BC=B0=B0=FC=BA=AC=CF=D4=CA=BD=BB=F2=D2=
=FE=CA=BD=B2=E9=D1=AF=B5=C4 <FONT color=3D#0000ff>UPDATE</FONT>=20
      =BB=F2 <FONT color=3D#0000ff>DELETE</FONT>=20
      =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=A3=AC=B6=BC=C4=DC=B9=BB=B1=A3=D6=A4=CA=FD=BE=DD=D2=BB=D6=C2=D0=
=D4=A1=A3=C9=CF=CA=F6=D3=EF=BE=E4=CD=A8=B9=FD=D2=BB=B8=F6=B2=E9=D1=AF=A3=A8=
query=A3=A9=C0=B4=B5=C3=B5=BD=CB=FD=C3=C7=CB=F9=D0=E8=B5=C4=C2=FA=D7=E3=D2=
=BB=D6=C2=D0=D4=B5=C4=BD=E1=B9=FB=BC=AF=A3=A8=B7=D6=B1=F0=CA=B9=D3=C3<FON=
T color=3D#0000ff>=20
      SELECT=A3=ACINSERT=A3=ACUPDATE</FONT> =BB=F2 <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>DELETE=20
    </FONT>=D3=EF=BE=E4=A3=A9=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">032</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">A =
<FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>SELECT</FONT> statement is an explicit query and =
can have=20
      nested queries or a join operation. An <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>INSERT</FONT>=20
      statement can use nested queries. <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>UPDATE</FONT> and=20
      <FONT color=3D#0000ff>DELETE</FONT> statements can use <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>WHERE</FONT> clauses or subqueries to affect only =
some rows=20
      in a table rather than all rows.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%"><FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>SELECT</FONT>=20
      =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=CA=C7=D2=BB=B8=F6=CF=D4=CA=BD=B5=D8=B2=E9=D1=AF=A3=AC=C7=D2=C6=
=E4=D6=D0=BF=C9=D2=D4=B0=FC=BA=AC=C7=B6=CC=D7=B2=E9=D1=AF=A3=A8nested =
query=A3=A9=BB=F2=C1=AC=BD=D3=B2=D9=D7=F7=A3=A8join =
operation=A3=A9=A1=A3<FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>INSERT</FONT> =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=D6=D0=D2=B2=C4=DC=B9=BB=CA=B9=D3=C3=C7=B6=CC=D7=B2=E9=D1=AF=A1=
=A3<FONT color=3D#0000ff>UPDATE</FONT>=20
      =BC=B0 <FONT color=3D#0000ff>DELETE</FONT> =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=C4=DC=B9=BB=C0=FB=D3=C3 <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>WHERE</FONT> =
=D7=D3=BE=E4=BB=F2=D7=D3=B2=E9=D1=AF=BD=F8=D0=D0=CF=DE=D6=C6=A3=AC=D6=BB=B2=
=D9=D7=F7=CA=FD=BE=DD=B1=ED=C4=DA=B5=C4=B2=BF=B7=D6=CA=FD=BE=DD=D0=D0=A1=A3=
<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">033</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Queries used in=20
      <FONT color=3D#0000ff>INSERT</FONT>, <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>UPDATE</FONT>, and=20
      <FONT color=3D#0000ff>DELETE</FONT> statements are guaranteed a =
consistent=20
      set of results. However, they do not see the changes made by the =
DML=20
      statement itself. In other words, the query in these operations =
sees data=20
      as it existed before the operation began to make =
changes.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%"><FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>INSERT</FONT>=A3=AC<FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>UPDATE</FONT>=A3=AC=BC=B0 <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>DELETE</FONT> =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=D6=D0=B0=FC=BA=AC=B5=C4=B2=E9=D1=AF=C4=DC=B9=BB=BB=F1=B5=C3=D2=
=BB=D6=C2=D0=D4=B5=C4=BD=E1=B9=FB=BC=AF=A1=A3=D5=E2=D0=A9=B2=E9=D1=AF=CE=DE=
=B7=A8=BF=B4=B5=BD=C6=E4=CB=F9=D4=DA DML=20
      =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=B6=D4=CA=FD=BE=DD=B5=C4=D0=DE=B8=C4=A1=A3=BB=BB=BE=E4=BB=B0=CB=
=B5=A3=AC=D5=E2=D0=A9=B2=E9=D1=AF=D6=BB=C4=DC=BF=B4=B5=BD=C6=E4=CB=F9=D4=DA=
 DML =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=BF=AA=CA=BC=D6=AE=C7=B0=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</T=
D></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">034</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>Note:</B><BR><BR>If a <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>SELECT</FONT>=20
        list contains a function, then the database applies =
statement-level read=20
        consistency at the statement level for SQL run within the PL/SQL =

        function code, rather than at the parent SQL level. For example, =
a=20
        function could access a table whose data is changed and =
committed by=20
        another user. For each execution of the <FONT=20
        color=3D#0000ff>SELECT</FONT> in the function, a new read =
consistent=20
        snapshot is established. </BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>=CC=E1=CA=BE=A3=BA</B><BR><BR>=C8=E7=B9=FB <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>SELECT</FONT> =C1=D0=B1=ED=D6=D0=B4=E6=D4=DA=20
        PL/SQL =
=BA=AF=CA=FD=A3=AC=C4=C7=C3=B4=BA=AF=CA=FD=D6=D0=B0=FC=BA=AC=B5=C4 SQL =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=BD=AB=D7=F1=B4=D3=C6=E4=D7=D4=C9=ED=B5=C4=D3=EF=BE=E4=BC=B6=B6=
=C1=D2=BB=D6=C2=D0=D4=A3=AC=B6=F8=B7=C7=C6=E4=CB=F9=D4=DA SQL =
=B5=C4=B6=C1=D2=BB=D6=C2=D0=D4=A1=A3=C0=FD=C8=E7=A3=AC<FONT=20
        color=3D#0000ff>SELECT</FONT>=20
        =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=D6=D0=B5=C4=C4=B3=B8=F6=BA=AF=CA=FD=B7=C3=CE=CA=B5=C4=B1=ED=BF=
=C9=C4=DC=BB=E1=D4=DA=D3=EF=BE=E4=D6=B4=D0=D0=CA=B1=B1=BB=C6=E4=CB=FB=CA=C2=
=CE=F1=D0=DE=B8=C4=B2=A2=CC=E1=BD=BB=A1=A3=B4=CB=BA=AF=CA=FD=C3=BF=B4=CE=D6=
=B4=D0=D0=CA=B1=B6=BC=BD=AB=BD=A8=C1=A2=D2=BB=B8=F6=D0=C2=B5=C4=D2=BB=D6=C2=
=D0=D4=CA=D3=CD=BC=A3=A8snapshot=A3=A9=A1=A3</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">035</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H2><A name=3De.13.2.3></A>Transaction-Level Read =
Consistency</H2></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H2><A name=3Dc.13.2.3></A>13.2.3 =
=CA=C2=CE=F1=BC=B6=B6=C1=D2=BB=D6=C2=D0=D4</H2></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">036</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle =
also offers=20
      the option of enforcing <B>transaction-level read consistency</B>. =
When a=20
      transaction runs in serializable mode, all data accesses reflect =
the state=20
      of the database as of the time the transaction began. This means =
that the=20
      data seen by all queries within the same transaction is consistent =
with=20
      respect to a single point in time, except that queries made by a=20
      serializable transaction do see changes made by the transaction =
itself.=20
      Transaction-level read consistency produces repeatable reads and =
does not=20
      expose a query to phantoms.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle=20
      =
=BB=B9=C4=DC=B9=BB=CA=B5=CF=D6<B>=CA=C2=CE=F1=BC=B6=B6=C1=D2=BB=D6=C2=D0=D4=
</B>=A3=A8transaction-level read=20
      =
consistency=A3=A9=A1=A3=B5=B1=D2=BB=B8=F6=CA=C2=CE=F1=D4=CB=D0=D0=D4=DA=B4=
=AE=D0=D0=BB=AF=C4=A3=CA=BD=A3=A8serializable=20
      =
mode=A3=A9=CF=C2=CA=B1=A3=AC=D4=F2=CA=C2=CE=F1=C4=DA=CB=F9=D3=D0=CA=FD=BE=
=DD=B7=C3=CE=CA=BE=F9=B7=B4=D3=B3=B5=C4=CA=C7=CA=C2=CE=F1=BF=AA=CA=BC=CA=B1=
=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=D7=B4=CC=AC=A1=A3=BC=B4=CA=C2=CE=F1=C4=DA=B5=C4=CB=F9=D3=
=D0=B2=E9=D1=AF=B6=D4=C4=B3=B8=F6=CA=B1=BC=E4=B5=E3=C0=B4=CB=B5=BE=DF=B1=B8=
=D2=BB=D6=C2=D0=D4=A3=AC=B5=AB=CA=C7=D4=CB=D0=D0=D4=DA=B4=AE=D0=D0=BB=AF=C4=
=A3=CA=BD=CF=C2=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=C4=DC=B9=BB=BF=B4=B5=BD=CA=C2=CE=F1=D7=D4=
=C9=ED=B6=D4=CA=FD=BE=DD=CB=F9=D7=F7=B5=C4=D0=DE=B8=C4=A1=A3=CA=C2=CE=F1=BC=
=B6=B5=C4=B6=C1=D2=BB=D6=C2=D0=D4=C4=DC=B9=BB=B1=A3=D6=A4=BF=C9=D6=D8=B8=B4=
=B6=C1=C8=A1=A3=A8repeatable=20
      =
read=A3=A9=B2=A2=BF=C9=D7=E8=D6=B9=B3=F6=CF=D6=B2=BB=B4=E6=D4=DA=B6=C1=C8=
=A1=A3=A8phantom read=A3=A9=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">037</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H2><A name=3De.13.2.4></A>Read Consistency with Real Application=20
      Clusters</H2></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H2><A name=3Dc.13.2.4></A>13.2.4 RAC =
=BB=B7=BE=B3=CF=C2=B5=C4=B6=C1=D2=BB=D6=C2=D0=D4</H2></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">038</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Real =
Application=20
      Clusters (RAC) use a cache-to-cache block transfer mechanism known =
as=20
      <SPAN style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">Cache Fusion</SPAN> to =
transfer=20
      read-consistent images of blocks from one instance to another. RAC =
does=20
      this using high speed, low latency interconnects to satisfy remote =

      requests for data blocks.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">RAC=20
      =
=CF=B5=CD=B3=B2=C9=D3=C3=BB=BA=B4=E6=B6=D4=BB=BA=B4=E6=A3=A8cache-to-cach=
e=A3=A9=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E9=B4=AB=CA=E4=BB=FA=D6=C6=A3=A8=B4=CB=BC=BC=
=CA=F5=B1=BB=B3=C6=CE=AA Cache=20
      =
Fusion=A3=A9=D4=DA=CA=B5=C0=FD=BC=E4=B4=AB=CA=E4=C2=FA=D7=E3=B6=C1=D2=BB=D6=
=C2=D0=D4=A3=A8read-consistent=A3=A9=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E9=BE=B5=CF=F1=A1=
=A3RAC=20
      =
=CF=B5=CD=B3=CD=A8=B9=FD=B8=DF=CB=D9=B6=C8=B5=CD=D1=D3=B3=D9=B5=C4=C4=DA=B2=
=BF=C1=AC=BD=D3=A3=A8interconnect=A3=A9=CA=B5=CF=D6=C9=CF=CA=F6=CA=FD=BE=DD=
=B4=AB=CA=E4=A3=AC=B4=D3=B6=F8=C2=FA=D7=E3=CA=B5=C0=FD=D6=AE=BC=E4=B6=D4=CA=
=FD=BE=DD=BF=E9=B5=C4=C7=EB=C7=F3=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">039</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>See Also:</B><BR><BR><A=20
        =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/rac.102/b14197/=
toc.htm">Oracle=20
        Database Oracle Clusterware and Oracle Real Application Clusters =

        Administration and Deployment Guide</A> </BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>=C1=ED=BC=FB=A3=BA</B><BR><BR><A=20
        =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/rac.102/b14197/=
toc.htm">Oracle=20
        Database Oracle Clusterware and Oracle Real Application Clusters =

        Administration and Deployment Guide</A></BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">040</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H2><A name=3De.13.2.5></A>Oracle Isolation Levels</H2></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H2><A name=3Dc.13.2.5></A>13.2.5 Oracle =
=CA=C2=CE=F1=B8=F4=C0=EB=BC=B6=B1=F0</H2></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">041</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle =
provides=20
      these transaction isolation levels.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle =
=D6=A7=B3=D6=D2=D4=CF=C2=C8=FD=D6=D6=CA=C2=CE=F1=B8=F4=C0=EB=BC=B6=B1=F0=A3=
=A8transaction=20
      isolation level=A3=A9=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">042</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <TABLE id=3Dtable21 cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D"100%" =
border=3D0>
        <TBODY>
        <TR>
          <TD colSpan=3D2>
            <HR>
          </TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD width=3D"32%"><B><FONT color=3D#0000ff>Isolation =
Level</FONT></B></TD>
          <TD width=3D"68%"><B><FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>Description</FONT></B></TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD colSpan=3D2>
            <HR>
          </TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"32%">Read committed</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"68%">This is the default transaction =
isolation=20
            level. Each query executed by a transaction sees only data =
that was=20
            committed before the query (not the transaction) began. An =
Oracle=20
            query never reads dirty (uncommitted) data. <BR><BR>Because =
Oracle=20
            does not prevent other transactions from modifying the data =
read by=20
            a query, that data can be changed by other transactions =
between two=20
            executions of the query. Thus, a transaction that runs a =
given query=20
            twice can experience both nonrepeatable read and=20
phantoms.<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"32%">Serializable</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"68%">Serializable transactions see =
only those=20
            changes that were committed at the time the transaction =
began, plus=20
            those changes made by the transaction itself through <FONT=20
            color=3D#0000ff>INSERT</FONT>, <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>UPDATE</FONT>, and=20
            <FONT color=3D#0000ff>DELETE</FONT> statements. Serializable =

            transactions do not experience nonrepeatable reads or =
phantoms.=20
          <BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"32%">Read-only</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"68%">Read-only transactions see only =
those=20
            changes that were committed at the time the transaction =
began and do=20
            not allow <FONT color=3D#0000ff>INSERT</FONT>, <FONT=20
            color=3D#0000ff>UPDATE</FONT>, and <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>DELETE</FONT>=20
            statements.<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <TABLE id=3Dtable27 cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D"100%" =
border=3D0>
        <TBODY>
        <TR>
          <TD colSpan=3D2>
            <HR>
          </TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD width=3D"32%"><FONT =
color=3D#0000ff><B>=B8=F4=C0=EB=BC=B6=B1=F0</B></FONT></TD>
          <TD width=3D"68%"><FONT =
color=3D#0000ff><B>=C3=E8=CA=F6</B></FONT></TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD colSpan=3D2>
            <HR>
          </TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop =
width=3D"32%">=D2=D1=CC=E1=BD=BB=B6=C1=C8=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"68%">Oracle=20
            =
=C4=AC=C8=CF=CA=B9=D3=C3=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=B8=F4=C0=EB=BC=B6=B1=F0=A1=A3=CA=
=C2=CE=F1=C4=DA=D6=B4=D0=D0=B5=C4=B2=E9=D1=AF=D6=BB=C4=DC=BF=B4=B5=BD=B2=E9=
=D1=AF=D6=B4=D0=D0=C7=B0=A3=A8=B6=F8=B7=C7=CA=C2=CE=F1=BF=AA=CA=BC=C7=B0=A3=
=A9=BE=CD=D2=D1=BE=AD=CC=E1=BD=BB=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=A1=A3Oracle=20
            =
=B5=C4=B2=E9=D1=AF=D3=C0=D4=B6=B2=BB=BB=E1=B6=C1=C8=A1=D4=E0=CA=FD=BE=DD=A3=
=A8=CE=B4=CC=E1=BD=BB=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=A3=A9=A1=A3<BR><BR>Oracle=20
            =
=B2=BB=BB=E1=D7=E8=D6=B9=D2=BB=B8=F6=CA=C2=CE=F1=D0=DE=B8=C4=C1=ED=D2=BB=CA=
=C2=CE=F1=D6=D0=B5=C4=B2=E9=D1=AF=D5=FD=D4=DA=B7=C3=CE=CA=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=
=A3=AC=D2=F2=B4=CB=D4=DA=D2=BB=B8=F6=CA=C2=CE=F1=C4=DA=B5=C4=C1=BD=B8=F6=B2=
=E9=D1=AF=B5=C4=D6=B4=D0=D0=BC=E4=D0=AA=C6=DA=BC=E4=A3=AC=CA=FD=BE=DD=D3=D0=
=BF=C9=C4=DC=B1=BB=C6=E4=CB=FB=CA=C2=CE=F1=D0=DE=B8=C4=A1=A3=BE=D9=C0=FD=C0=
=B4=CB=B5=A3=AC=C8=E7=B9=FB=D2=BB=B8=F6=CA=C2=CE=F1=C4=DA=CD=AC=D2=BB=B2=E9=
=D1=AF=D6=B4=D0=D0=C1=BD=B4=CE=A3=AC=BF=C9=C4=DC=BB=E1=D3=F6=B5=BD=B2=BB=BF=
=C9=D6=D8=B8=B4=B6=C1=C8=A1=A3=A8nonrepeatable=20
            =
read=A3=A9=BB=F2=B2=BB=B4=E6=D4=DA=B6=C1=C8=A1=A3=A8phantom=A3=A9=B5=C4=CF=
=D6=CF=F3=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"32%">=B4=AE=D0=D0=BB=AF</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop =
width=3D"68%">=B4=AE=D0=D0=BB=AF=B8=F4=C0=EB=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=D6=BB=C4=DC=
=BF=B4=B5=BD=CA=C2=CE=F1=D6=B4=D0=D0=C7=B0=BE=CD=D2=D1=BE=AD=CC=E1=BD=BB=B5=
=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=A3=AC=D2=D4=BC=B0=CA=C2=CE=F1=C4=DA <FONT=20
            color=3D#0000ff>INSERT</FONT>=A3=AC<FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>UPDATE</FONT>=A3=AC=BC=B0=20
            <FONT color=3D#0000ff>DELETE</FONT>=20
            =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=B6=D4=CA=FD=BE=DD=B5=C4=D0=DE=B8=C4=A1=A3=B4=AE=D0=D0=BB=AF=B8=
=F4=C0=EB=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=B2=BB=BB=E1=B3=F6=CF=D6=B2=BB=BF=C9=D6=D8=B8=B4=
=B6=C1=C8=A1=BB=F2=B2=BB=B4=E6=D4=DA=B6=C1=C8=A1=B5=C4=CF=D6=CF=F3=A1=A3<=
BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"32%">=D6=BB=B6=C1=C4=A3=CA=BD</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop =
width=3D"68%">=D6=BB=B6=C1=CA=C2=CE=F1=D6=BB=C4=DC=BF=B4=B5=BD=CA=C2=CE=F1=
=D6=B4=D0=D0=C7=B0=BE=CD=D2=D1=BE=AD=CC=E1=BD=BB=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=A3=AC=C7=
=D2=CA=C2=CE=F1=D6=D0=B2=BB=C4=DC=D6=B4=D0=D0 <FONT=20
            color=3D#0000ff>INSERT</FONT>=A3=AC<FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>UPDATE</FONT>=A3=AC=BC=B0=20
            <FONT color=3D#0000ff>DELETE</FONT> =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">043</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3De.13.2.5.1></A>Set the Isolation Level</H3></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3Dc.13.2.5.1></A>13.2.5.1 =
=C9=E8=D6=C3=B8=F4=C0=EB=BC=B6=B1=F0</H3></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">044</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Application=20
      designers, application developers, and database administrators can =
choose=20
      appropriate isolation levels for different transactions, depending =
on the=20
      application and workload. You can set the isolation level of a =
transaction=20
      by using one of these statements at the beginning of a=20
transaction:<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=B5=C4=C9=E8=BC=C6=BF=AA=B7=A2=D5=DF=
=BC=B0=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B9=DC=C0=ED=D4=B1=BF=C9=D2=D4=D2=C0=BE=DD=D3=A6=D3=
=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=B5=C4=D0=E8=C7=F3=BC=B0=CF=B5=CD=B3=B8=BA=D4=D8=A3=A8work=
load=A3=A9=B6=F8=CE=AA=B2=BB=CD=AC=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=D1=A1=D4=F1=B2=BB=CD=
=AC=B5=C4=B8=F4=C0=EB=BC=B6=B1=F0=A3=A8isolation=20
      =
level=A3=A9=A1=A3=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=D2=D4=D4=DA=CA=C2=CE=F1=BF=AA=CA=BC=CA=
=B1=CA=B9=D3=C3=D2=D4=CF=C2=D3=EF=BE=E4=C9=E8=B6=A8=CA=C2=CE=F1=B5=C4=B8=F4=
=C0=EB=BC=B6=B1=F0=A3=BA<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">045</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED; =
<BR><BR>SET=20
        TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE; <BR><BR>SET =
TRANSACTION READ=20
        ONLY;</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED; =
<BR><BR>SET=20
        TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE; <BR><BR>SET =
TRANSACTION READ=20
        ONLY;</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">046</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">To =
save the=20
      networking and processing cost of beginning each transaction with =
a <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>SET TRANSACTION</FONT> statement, you can use the =
<FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>ALTER SESSION</FONT> statement to set the =
transaction=20
      isolation level for all subsequent transactions:<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=C8=E7=B9=FB=D4=DA=C3=BF=B8=F6=CA=C2=CE=F1=BF=AA=CA=BC=CA=B1=
=B6=BC=CA=B9=D3=C3 <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>SET TRANSACTION</FONT> =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=A3=AC=BD=AB=BC=D3=D6=D8=CD=F8=C2=E7=BC=B0=B4=A6=C0=ED=C6=F7=B5=
=C4=B8=BA=B5=A3=A1=A3=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=D2=D4=CA=B9=D3=C3 <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>ALTER SESSION</FONT> =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=B8=C4=B1=E4=D2=BB=B8=F6=BB=E1=BB=B0=CB=F9=D3=D0=C4=DA=CA=C2=CE=
=F1=B5=C4=C4=AC=C8=CF=B8=F4=C0=EB=BC=B6=B1=F0=A3=BA<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">047</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>ALTER SESSION SET ISOLATION_LEVEL SERIALIZABLE;=20
        <BR><BR>ALTER SESSION SET ISOLATION_LEVEL READ =
COMMITTED;</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>ALTER SESSION SET ISOLATION_LEVEL SERIALIZABLE;=20
        <BR><BR>ALTER SESSION SET ISOLATION_LEVEL READ=20
  COMMITTED;</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">048</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>See Also:</B><BR><BR><A=20
        =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b142=
00/toc.htm">Oracle=20
        Database SQL Reference</A> for detailed information on any of =
these SQL=20
        statements</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>=C1=ED=BC=FB=A3=BA</B><BR><BR><A=20
        =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b142=
00/toc.htm">Oracle=20
        Database SQL Reference</A> =C1=CB=BD=E2=B9=D8=D3=DA=C9=CF=CA=F6 =
SQL =D3=EF=BE=E4=B5=C4=CF=EA=CF=B8=D0=C5=CF=A2</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">049</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3De.13.2.5.2></A>Read Committed Isolation</H3></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3Dc.13.2.5.2></A>13.2.5.2 =
=D2=D1=CC=E1=BD=BB=B6=C1=C8=A1=B8=F4=C0=EB</H3></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">050</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">The =
default=20
      isolation level for Oracle is read committed. This degree of =
isolation is=20
      appropriate for environments where few transactions are likely to=20
      conflict. Oracle causes each query to run with respect to its own=20
      materialized view time, thereby permitting nonrepeatable reads and =

      phantoms for multiple executions of a query, but providing higher=20
      potential throughput. Read committed isolation is the appropriate =
level of=20
      isolation for environments where few transactions are likely to=20
      conflict.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle =
=C4=AC=C8=CF=CA=B9=D3=C3=B5=C4=B8=F4=C0=EB=BC=B6=B1=F0=A3=A8isolation=20
      level=A3=A9=CA=C7=D2=D1=CC=E1=BD=BB=B6=C1=C8=A1=A3=A8read=20
      =
committed=A3=A9=B8=F4=C0=EB=A1=A3=D5=E2=D6=D6=B3=CC=B6=C8=B5=C4=B8=F4=C0=EB=
=CA=CA=BA=CF=D4=DA=CA=C2=CE=F1=B7=A2=C9=FA=B3=E5=CD=BB=B5=C4=BF=C9=C4=DC=D0=
=D4=BD=CF=D0=A1=B5=C4=CF=B5=CD=B3=D6=D0=CA=B9=D3=C3=A1=A3=D4=DA=D5=E2=D6=D6=
=B8=F4=C0=EB=BC=B6=B1=F0=CF=C2=A3=ACOracle=20
      =
=C4=DC=B9=BB=B1=A3=D6=A4=CA=C2=CE=F1=C4=DA=C3=BF=B8=F6=B2=E9=D1=AF=D4=DA=D6=
=B4=D0=D0=C6=DA=BC=E4=B6=BC=D3=B5=D3=D0=D2=BB=B8=F6=CE=A8=D2=BB=B5=C4=CA=FD=
=BE=DD=CA=D3=CD=BC=A3=AC=D2=F2=B4=CB=CA=C2=CE=F1=BF=C9=C4=DC=B3=F6=CF=D6=B2=
=BB=BF=C9=D6=D8=B8=B4=B6=C1=C8=A1=A3=A8nonrepeatable=20
      =
read=A3=A9=BB=F2=B2=BB=B4=E6=D4=DA=B6=C1=C8=A1=A3=A8phantom=A3=A9=B5=C4=CF=
=D6=CF=F3=A3=AC=B5=AB=B4=CB=CA=B1=CF=B5=CD=B3=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=B4=A6=C0=ED=
=C4=DC=C1=A6=BD=CF=B8=DF=A1=A3=D2=F2=B4=CB=D2=D1=CC=E1=BD=BB=B6=C1=C8=A1=B8=
=F4=C0=EB=A3=A8read committed=20
      =
isolation=A3=A9=CA=CA=BA=CF=D4=DA=CA=C2=CE=F1=B7=A2=C9=FA=B3=E5=CD=BB=B5=C4=
=BF=C9=C4=DC=D0=D4=BD=CF=D0=A1=B5=C4=CF=B5=CD=B3=D6=D0=CA=B9=D3=C3=A1=A3<=
BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">051</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3De.13.2.5.3></A>Serializable Isolation</H3></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3Dc.13.2.5.3></A>13.2.5.3 =
=B4=AE=D0=D0=BB=AF=B8=F4=C0=EB</H3></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">052</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Serializable=20
      isolation is suitable for environments:
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">With large databases and short =

        transactions that update only a few rows=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Where the chance that two =
concurrent=20
        transactions will modify the same rows is relatively low=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Where relatively long-running=20
        transactions are primarily read only </LI></UL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=B7=FB=BA=CF=D2=D4=CF=C2=CC=D8=D0=D4=B5=C4=CF=B5=CD=B3=CA=CA=
=BA=CF=B2=C9=D3=C3=B4=AE=D0=D0=BB=AF=B8=F4=C0=EB=A3=A8serializable=20
      isolation=A3=A9=A3=BA
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=CA=FD=BE=DD=C1=BF=B4=F3=A3=AC=B5=AB=CA=C2=CE=F1=B6=CC=D0=A1=A3=AC=D6=
=BB=BB=E1=B8=FC=D0=C2=BD=CF=C9=D9=CA=FD=BE=DD=D0=D0=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=
=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=C1=BD=B8=F6=B2=A2=B7=A2=CA=C2=CE=F1=D0=DE=B8=C4=CF=E0=CD=AC=CA=FD=BE=
=DD=B5=C4=B8=C5=C2=CA=BD=CF=D0=A1=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=D4=CB=D0=D0=CA=B1=BC=E4=CF=E0=B6=D4=BD=CF=B3=A4=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=D6=
=BB=D6=B4=D0=D0=D6=BB=B6=C1=B2=D9=D7=F7 </LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">053</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Serializable=20
      isolation permits concurrent transactions to make only those =
database=20
      changes they could have made if the transactions had been =
scheduled to run=20
      one after another. Specifically, Oracle permits a serializable =
transaction=20
      to modify a data row only if it can determine that prior changes =
to the=20
      row were made by transactions that had committed when the =
serializable=20
      transaction began.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=D4=DA=B4=AE=D0=D0=BB=AF=B8=F4=C0=EB=CF=C2=A3=AC=B2=A2=B7=A2=
=CA=C2=CE=F1=B6=D4=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=BD=F8=D0=D0=D0=DE=B8=C4=CA=B1=D6=BB=C4=
=DC=CB=B3=D0=F2=D6=B4=D0=D0=A1=A3=BE=DF=CC=E5=C0=B4=CB=B5=A3=AC=D4=DA=B4=AE=
=D0=D0=BB=AF=B8=F4=C0=EB=CF=C2=A3=ACOracle=20
      =
=D4=DA=D4=CA=D0=ED=D2=BB=B8=F6=B2=C9=D3=C3=B4=AE=D0=D0=BB=AF=B8=F4=C0=EB=B5=
=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=D0=DE=B8=C4=C4=B3=D0=A9=CA=FD=BE=DD=D0=D0=CA=B1=A3=AC=D0=E8=
=D2=AA=C5=D0=B6=CF=D4=DA=B4=CB=CA=C2=CE=F1=BF=AA=CA=BC=D6=B4=D0=D0=D6=AE=C7=
=B0=A3=AC=C6=E4=CB=FB=CB=F9=D3=D0=CA=C2=CE=F1=B6=D4=D5=E2=D0=A9=CA=FD=BE=DD=
=D0=D0=B5=C4=D0=DE=B8=C4=D2=D1=BE=AD=B1=BB=CC=E1=BD=BB=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</T=
D></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">054</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">To =
make this=20
      determination efficiently, Oracle uses control information stored =
in the=20
      data block that indicates which rows in the block contain =
committed and=20
      uncommitted changes. In a sense, the block contains a recent =
history of=20
      transactions that affected each row in the block. The amount of =
history=20
      that is retained is controlled by the <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>INITRANS</FONT>=20
      parameter of <FONT color=3D#0000ff>CREATE TABLE</FONT> and <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>ALTER TABLE</FONT>.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=CE=AA=C1=CB=CA=B5=CF=D6=C9=CF=CA=F6=C5=D0=B6=CF=A3=ACOracl=
e =D4=DA=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E9=A3=A8data=20
      =
block=A3=A9=C4=DA=B4=E6=B4=A2=C1=CB=CF=E0=B9=D8=B5=C4=BF=D8=D6=C6=D0=C5=CF=
=A2=A3=AC=D3=C3=D3=DA=BC=C7=C2=BC=B4=CB=BF=E9=C4=DA=CA=FD=BE=DD=D0=D0=D6=D0=
=CB=F9=B0=FC=BA=AC=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=CA=C7=D2=D1=CC=E1=BD=BB=BB=F2=CE=B4=CC=
=E1=BD=BB=B5=C4=A1=A3=BC=B4=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E9=C4=DA=BC=C7=C2=BC=C1=CB=BD=FC=
=C6=DA=B6=D4=B1=BE=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E9=C4=DA=CA=FD=BE=DD=D0=D0=BD=F8=D0=D0=C1=
=CB=D0=DE=B8=C4=B5=C4=CB=F9=D3=D0=CA=C2=CE=F1=BC=B0=CA=C2=CE=F1=B5=C4=D7=B4=
=CC=AC=A1=A3=D4=DA=D2=BB=B8=F6=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E9=C4=DA=C4=DC=B9=BB=B1=A3=C1=
=F4=B6=E0=C9=D9=D5=E2=D1=F9=B5=C4=BC=C7=C2=BC=CA=C7=D3=C9=20
      <FONT color=3D#0000ff>CREATE TABLE</FONT> =BB=F2 <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>ALTER=20
      TABLE</FONT> =D3=EF=BE=E4=D6=D0=B5=C4 <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>INITRANS</FONT> =
=B2=CE=CA=FD=C9=E8=B6=A8=B5=C4=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">055</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Under =
some=20
      circumstances, Oracle can have insufficient history information to =

      determine whether a row has been updated by a too recent =
transaction. This=20
      can occur when many transactions concurrently modify the same data =
block,=20
      or do so in a very short period. You can avoid this situation by =
setting=20
      higher values of <FONT color=3D#0000ff>INITRANS</FONT> for tables =
that will=20
      experience many transactions updating the same blocks. Doing so =
enables=20
      Oracle to allocate sufficient storage in each block to record the =
history=20
      of recent transactions that accessed the block.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D3=D0=D0=A9=C7=E9=BF=F6=CF=C2=A3=ACOracle=20
      =
=CE=DE=B7=A8=BB=F1=B5=C3=D7=E3=B9=BB=B5=C4=C0=FA=CA=B7=D0=C5=CF=A2=C0=B4=C5=
=D0=B6=CF=C4=B3=B8=F6=CA=FD=BE=DD=D0=D0=CA=C7=B7=F1=B1=BB=D2=BB=B8=F6=CA=C2=
=CE=F1=D0=DE=B8=C4=B9=FD=A1=A3=B5=B1=B4=F3=C1=BF=CA=C2=CE=F1=D4=DA=B6=CC=CA=
=B1=BC=E4=C4=DA=B2=A2=B7=A2=B5=D8=D0=DE=B8=C4=CD=AC=D2=BB=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E9=
=BE=CD=BB=E1=B3=F6=CF=D6=D2=D4=C9=CF=C7=E9=BF=F6=A1=A3=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=D2=
=D4=CE=AA=BF=C9=C4=DC=B1=BB=B6=E0=B8=F6=CA=C2=CE=F1=CD=AC=CA=B1=B8=FC=D0=C2=
=CF=E0=CD=AC=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E9=B5=C4=B1=ED=C9=E8=D6=C3=BD=CF=B4=F3=B5=C4 =

      <FONT color=3D#0000ff>INITRANS</FONT> =
=D6=B5=A3=AC=D2=D4=B1=E3=B1=DC=C3=E2=C9=CF=CA=F6=C7=E9=BF=F6=A1=A3=C9=E8=D6=
=C3=C1=CB=BD=CF=B4=F3=B5=C4 <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>INITRANS</FONT> =D6=B5=BA=F3=A3=ACOracle=20
      =
=BE=CD=C4=DC=CE=AA=C3=BF=B8=F6=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E9=B7=D6=C5=E4=D7=E3=B9=BB=B5=
=C4=BF=D5=BC=E4=C0=B4=BC=C7=C2=BC=B7=C3=CE=CA=B4=CB=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E9=B5=C4=
=CA=C2=CE=F1=B5=C4=D0=C5=CF=A2=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">056</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle =
generates an=20
      error when a serializable transaction tries to update or delete =
data=20
      modified by a transaction that commits after the serializable =
transaction=20
      began:<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=B5=B1=D2=BB=B8=F6=B4=AE=D0=D0=BB=AF=CA=C2=CE=F1=CA=D4=CD=BC=
=B8=FC=D0=C2=BB=F2=C9=BE=B3=FD=CA=FD=BE=DD=A3=AC=B6=F8=D5=E2=D0=A9=CA=FD=BE=
=DD=D4=DA=B4=CB=CA=C2=CE=F1=BF=AA=CA=BC=BA=F3=B1=BB=C6=E4=CB=FB=CA=C2=CE=F1=
=D0=DE=B8=C4=B2=A2=BD=F8=D0=D0=C1=CB=CC=E1=BD=BB=A3=ACOracle=20
  =BD=AB=B1=A8=B4=ED=A3=BA<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">057</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>ORA-08177: Cannot serialize access for this=20
      transaction</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>ORA-08177: =
=CE=DE=B7=A8=BD=F8=D0=D0=B4=AE=D0=D0=BB=AF=B7=C3=CE=CA</BLOCKQUOTE></TD><=
/TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">058</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">When a =
serializable=20
      transaction fails with the <FONT color=3D#0000ff>Cannot serialize=20
      access</FONT> error, the application can take any of several =
actions:
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Commit the work executed to =
that point=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Execute additional (but =
different)=20
        statements (perhaps after rolling back to a savepoint =
established=20
        earlier in the transaction)=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Undo the entire transaction =
</LI></UL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=B5=B1=D2=BB=B8=F6=B4=AE=D0=D0=BB=AF=CA=C2=CE=F1=D2=F2=CE=AA=
<FONT=20
      =
color=3D#0000ff>=CE=DE=B7=A8=BD=F8=D0=D0=B4=AE=D0=D0=BB=AF=B7=C3=CE=CA</F=
ONT>=A3=A8Cannot serialize =
access=A3=A9=B4=ED=CE=F3=B6=F8=CA=A7=B0=DC=CA=B1=A3=AC=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=
=F2=BF=C9=D2=D4=20
      =D1=A1=D4=F1=D2=D4=CF=C2=BC=B8=D6=D6=B4=A6=C0=ED=B7=BD=CA=BD=A3=BA
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=BD=AB=B4=ED=CE=F3=B7=A2=C9=FA=D6=AE=C7=B0=B5=C4=B2=D9=D7=F7=CC=E1=BD=
=BB=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=D6=B4=D0=D0=C6=E4=CB=FB=B2=D9=D7=F7=A3=A8=D6=B4=D0=D0=C7=B0=BF=C9=D2=
=D4=BB=D8=B9=F6=B5=BD=CA=C2=CE=F1=C4=DA=B5=C4=C4=B3=B8=F6=B1=A3=B4=E6=B5=E3=
=A3=A9=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=B3=B7=CF=FA=D5=FB=B8=F6=CA=C2=CE=F1 </LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">059</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%"><A=20
      =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/13.Data%20Concurrency=
%20and%20Consistency.htm#e.f.13.2"=20
      target=3D_self>Figure 13-2</A> shows an example of an application =
that rolls=20
      back and retries the transaction after it fails with the <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>Cannot serialize access</FONT> =
error:<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%"><A=20
      =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/13.Data%20Concurrency=
%20and%20Consistency.htm#c.f.13.2"=20
      target=3D_self>=CD=BC13-2</A> =
=CF=D4=CA=BE=C1=CB=D2=BB=B8=F6=CA=C2=CE=F1=D3=F6=B5=BD<FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>=CE=DE=B7=A8=BD=F8=D0=D0=B4=AE=D0=D0=BB=AF=B7=C3=CE=CA</F=
ONT>=BA=F3=A3=AC=20
      =
=B3=CC=D0=F2=BD=F8=D0=D0=BB=D8=B9=F6=B2=A2=B3=A2=CA=D4=D6=D8=D0=C2=D6=B4=D0=
=D0=B4=CB=CA=C2=CE=F1=B5=C4=C0=FD=D7=D3=A3=BA<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">060</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%"><I><B><FONT=20
      size=3D2><A name=3De.f.13.2></A>Figure 13-2 Serializable =
Transaction=20
      Failure<BR>=A1=A1</FONT></B></I></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%"><A =
name=3Dc.f.13.2></A><I><B><FONT=20
      size=3D2>=CD=BC13-2 =
=B4=AE=D0=D0=BB=AF=CA=C2=CE=F1=CA=A7=B0=DC<BR>=A1=A1</FONT></B></I></TD><=
/TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">061</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <P align=3Dcenter><A=20
      =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/img/e.cncpt103.gif"><IMG=20
      height=3D253=20
      =
src=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.C=
oncept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/img/e.cncpt103.gif"=20
      width=3D460 border=3D0></A><BR>=A1=A1</P></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <P align=3Dcenter><A=20
      =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/img/c.cncpt103.gif"><IMG=20
      height=3D253=20
      =
src=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.C=
oncept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/img/c.cncpt103.gif"=20
      width=3D460 border=3D0></A></P></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">062</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><FONT size=3D2>Figure 13-2 shows a serializable =
transaction=20
        consisting of a SELECT query that is repeated, followed by an =
UPDATE=20
        query. The second SELECT query sees the same data as the first, =
even=20
        though between the two SELECT queries someone else has changed =
the data.=20
        The UPDATE query fails if attempting to update a row changed and =

        committed by another transaction since this transaction began. =
The=20
        "Cannot Serialize Access" error causes the transaction to roll =
back to=20
        the beginning and retry.</FONT></BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><FONT size=3D2>=CD=BC13-2 =
=CF=D4=CA=BE=C1=CB=D2=BB=B8=F6=B4=AE=D0=D0=BB=AF=CA=C2=CE=F1=A3=AC=C6=E4=D6=
=D0=CA=D7=CF=C8=D6=B4=D0=D0=C1=CB=C1=BD=B8=F6=CF=E0=CD=AC=B5=C4 SELECT =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=A3=AC=BD=D3=D7=C5=D6=B4=D0=D0=C1=CB=D2=BB=B8=F6=20
        UPDATE =D3=EF=BE=E4=A1=A3=BC=B4=B1=E3=D4=DA=C1=BD=B8=F6 SELECT =
=D6=B4=D0=D0=D6=AE=BC=E4=D3=D0=C6=E4=CB=FB=CA=C2=CE=F1=D0=DE=B8=C4=C1=CB=CF=
=E0=B9=D8=CA=FD=BE=DD=A3=AC=D5=E2=C1=BD=B8=F6 SELECT =
=D2=B2=C4=DC=B9=BB=B7=B5=BB=D8=CF=E0=CD=AC=B5=C4=BD=E1=B9=FB=A1=A3=B5=B1 =
UPDATE=20
        =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=B8=FC=D0=C2=CA=FD=BE=DD=CA=B1=A3=AC=CB=F9=B8=FC=D0=C2=B5=C4=CA=
=FD=BE=DD=D4=DA=B4=CB=CA=C2=CE=F1=BF=AA=CA=BC=BA=F3=B1=BB=C6=E4=CB=FB=CA=C2=
=CE=F1=D0=DE=B8=C4=B2=A2=CC=E1=BD=BB=B9=FD=A3=ACOracle =
=BD=AB=B1=A8=B4=ED Cannot Serialize=20
        =
Access=A1=A3=D5=E2=B8=F6=B4=ED=CE=F3=BD=AB=B5=BC=D6=C2=CA=C2=CE=F1=BB=D8=B9=
=F6=B2=A2=B3=A2=CA=D4=D6=D8=D0=C2=D6=B4=D0=D0=A1=A3</FONT></BLOCKQUOTE></=
TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">063</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H2><A name=3De.13.2.6></A>Comparison of Read Committed and =
Serializable=20
      Isolation</H2></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H2><A name=3Dc.13.2.6></A>13.2.6 =
=D2=D1=CC=E1=BD=BB=B6=C1=C8=A1=B8=F4=C0=EB=D3=EB=B4=AE=D0=D0=BB=AF=B8=F4=C0=
=EB=B5=C4=C7=F8=B1=F0</H2></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">064</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle =
gives the=20
      application developer a choice of two transaction isolation levels =
with=20
      different characteristics. Both the read committed and =
serializable=20
      isolation levels provide a high degree of consistency and =
concurrency.=20
      Both levels provide the contention-reducing benefits of Oracle's =
read=20
      consistency multiversion concurrency control model and exclusive =
row-level=20
      locking implementation and are designed for real-world application =

      deployment.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle=20
      =
=CE=AA=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=BF=AA=B7=A2=D5=DF=CC=E1=B9=A9=C1=CB=C1=BD=D6=
=D6=CC=D8=D0=D4=CF=E0=D2=EC=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=B8=F4=C0=EB=BC=B6=B1=F0=A1=A3=
=D2=D1=CC=E1=BD=BB=B6=C1=C8=A1=A3=A8read=20
      =
committed=A3=A9=B8=F4=C0=EB=BA=CD=B4=AE=D0=D0=BB=AF=A3=A8serializable=A3=A9=
=B8=F4=C0=EB=B6=BC=C4=DC=CA=B5=CF=D6=B8=DF=B6=C8=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=D2=BB=D6=
=C2=D0=D4=BC=B0=B2=A2=B7=A2=B7=C3=CE=CA=C4=DC=C1=A6=A1=A3=D5=E2=C1=BD=D6=D6=
=B8=F4=C0=EB=BC=B6=B1=F0=B6=BC=C4=DC=B9=BB=C0=FB=D3=C3 Oracle=20
      =
=B5=C4=B6=C1=D2=BB=D6=C2=D0=D4=B6=E0=B0=E6=B1=BE=B2=A2=B7=A2=B7=C3=CE=CA=BF=
=D8=D6=C6=C4=A3=D0=CD=BC=B0=B6=C0=D3=D0=B5=C4=D0=D0=BC=B6=CB=F8=A3=A8row-=
level=20
      =
locking=A3=A9=BC=BC=CA=F5=A3=AC=B4=D3=B6=F8=BC=F5=C9=D9=B2=A2=B7=A2=CA=C2=
=CE=F1=BC=E4=B5=C4=BE=BA=D5=F9=A1=A3=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=BF=AA=B7=A2=D5=
=DF=BF=C9=D2=D4=CA=B9=D3=C3=D5=E2=C1=BD=D6=D6=B8=F4=C0=EB=BC=B6=B1=F0=BF=AA=
=B7=A2=B7=FB=BA=CF=CF=D6=CA=B5=D2=AA=C7=F3=B5=C4=D3=A6=D3=C3=CF=B5=CD=B3=A1=
=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">065</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3De.13.2.6.1></A>Transaction Set Consistency</H3></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3Dc.13.2.6.1></A>13.2.6.1 =
=CA=C2=CE=F1=BC=AF=CA=FD=BE=DD=D2=BB=D6=C2=D0=D4</H3></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">066</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">A =
useful way to view=20
      the read committed and serializable isolation levels in Oracle is =
to=20
      consider the following scenario: Assume you have a collection of =
database=20
      tables (or any set of data), a particular sequence of reads of =
rows in=20
      those tables, and the set of transactions committed at any =
particular=20
      time. An operation (a query or a transaction) is <B><SPAN=20
      style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">transaction set =
consistent</SPAN></B> if=20
      all its reads return data written by the same set of committed=20
      transactions. An operation is not transaction set consistent if =
some reads=20
      reflect the changes of one set of transactions and other reads =
reflect=20
      changes made by other transactions. An operation that is not =
transaction=20
      set consistent in effect sees the database in a state that =
reflects no=20
      single set of committed transactions.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=CE=D2=C3=C7=BF=C9=D2=D4=B2=CE=BF=BC=D2=D4=CF=C2=B3=A1=BE=B0=
=C0=B4=D1=D0=BE=BF Oracle=20
      =
=D6=D0=B5=C4=C1=BD=D6=D6=B8=F4=C0=EB=BC=B6=B1=F0=A3=BA=BC=D9=C9=E8=CF=D6=D3=
=D0=D2=BB=D7=E9=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B1=ED=A3=A8=BB=F2=B3=C6=CE=AA=D2=BB=D7=E9=
=CA=FD=BE=DD=BC=AF=A3=A9=A3=AC=D2=BB=CF=B5=C1=D0=B6=C1=C8=A1=B1=ED=CA=FD=BE=
=DD=B5=C4=B2=E9=D1=AF=A3=AC=D2=D4=BC=B0=D2=BB=D7=E9=D4=DA=C8=CE=D2=E2=CA=B1=
=BC=E4=CC=E1=BD=BB=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=A1=A3=C8=E7=B9=FB=D2=BB=B8=F6=CA=FD=BE=
=DD=BF=E2=B2=D9=D7=F7=A3=A8=D2=BB=B8=F6=B2=E9=D1=AF=BB=F2=D2=BB=B8=F6=CA=C2=
=CE=F1=A3=A9=D6=D0=CB=F9=D3=D0=B6=C1=C8=A1=B7=B5=BB=D8=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=CA=
=C7=D3=C9=CD=AC=D2=BB=D7=E9=D2=D1=CC=E1=BD=BB=CA=C2=CE=F1=D0=B4=C8=EB=B5=C4=
=A3=AC=CE=D2=C3=C7=BE=CD=B3=C6=B4=CB=B2=D9=D7=F7=C2=FA=D7=E3<B>=CA=C2=CE=F1=
=BC=AF=CA=FD=BE=DD=D2=BB=D6=C2=D0=D4</B>=A3=A8transaction=20
      set=20
      =
consistent=A3=A9=A1=A3=CF=E0=B7=B4=A3=AC=B5=B1=D2=BB=B8=F6=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=
=E2=B2=D9=D7=F7=C4=DA=B5=C4=B2=BB=CD=AC=B6=C1=C8=A1=B7=B4=D3=B3=C1=CB=B2=BB=
=CD=AC=CA=C2=CE=F1=BC=AF=B6=D4=CA=FD=BE=DD=B5=C4=D0=DE=B8=C4=A3=AC=B4=CB=B2=
=D9=D7=F7=BE=CD=B2=BB=C2=FA=D7=E3=CA=C2=CE=F1=BC=AF=CA=FD=BE=DD=D2=BB=D6=C2=
=D0=D4=A1=A3=BB=BB=BE=E4=BB=B0=CB=B5=A3=AC=D2=BB=B8=F6=B2=BB=C2=FA=D7=E3=CA=
=C2=CE=F1=BC=AF=CA=FD=BE=DD=D2=BB=D6=C2=D0=D4=B5=C4=B2=D9=D7=F7=CB=F9=BF=B4=
=B5=BD=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B5=C4=D7=B4=CC=AC=CA=C7=D3=C9=B2=BB=CD=AC=B5=
=C4=D2=D1=CC=E1=BD=BB=CA=C2=CE=F1=BC=AF=BE=F6=B6=A8=B5=C4=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1=
</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">067</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle =
provides=20
      transactions executing in read committed mode with transaction set =

      consistency for each statement. Serializable mode provides =
transaction set=20
      consistency for each transaction.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D4=DA=D2=D1=CC=E1=BD=BB=B6=C1=C8=A1=A3=A8read =
committed=A3=A9=B8=F4=C0=EB=C4=A3=CA=BD=CF=C2=A3=ACOracle=20
      =
=C4=DC=B1=A3=D6=A4=C3=BF=B8=F6=D3=EF=BE=E4=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=BC=AF=CA=FD=BE=
=DD=D2=BB=D6=C2=D0=D4=A1=A3=B6=F8=D4=DA=B4=AE=D0=D0=BB=AF=A3=A8serializab=
le=A3=A9=B8=F4=C0=EB=C4=A3=CA=BD=CF=C2=A3=ACOracle=20
  =
=C4=DC=B1=A3=D6=A4=C3=BF=B8=F6=CA=C2=CE=F1=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=BC=AF=CA=FD=BE=
=DD=D2=BB=D6=C2=D0=D4=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">068</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%"><A=20
      =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/13.Data%20Concurrency=
%20and%20Consistency.htm#e.t.13.2"=20
      target=3D_self>Table 13-2</A> summarizes key differences between =
read=20
      committed and serializable transactions in Oracle.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%"><A=20
      =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/13.Data%20Concurrency=
%20and%20Consistency.htm#c.t.13.2">=B1=ED13-2</A>=20
      =D7=DC=BD=E1=C1=CB Oracle =
=D6=D0=D2=D1=CC=E1=BD=BB=B6=C1=C8=A1=CA=C2=CE=F1=BA=CD=B4=AE=D0=D0=BB=AF=CA=
=C2=CE=F1=B5=C4=B9=D8=BC=FC=C7=F8=B1=F0=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">069</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%"><I><B><FONT=20
      size=3D2><A name=3De.t.13.2></A>Table 13-2 Read Committed and =
Serializable=20
      Transactions<BR>=A1=A1</FONT></B></I></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%"><I><B><FONT =
size=3D2>=B1=ED13-2=20
      =
=D2=D1=CC=E1=BD=BB=B6=C1=C8=A1=CA=C2=CE=F1=BA=CD=B4=AE=D0=D0=BB=AF=CA=C2=CE=
=F1<BR>=A1=A1</FONT></B></I></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">070</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <TABLE id=3Dtable22 cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D"100%" =
border=3D0>
        <TBODY>
        <TR>
          <TD colSpan=3D3>
            <HR>
          </TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD width=3D"48%">=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"24%"><FONT color=3D#0000ff><B>Read=20
            Committed</B></FONT></TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"28%"><B><FONT=20
            color=3D#0000ff>Serializable</FONT></B></TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD colSpan=3D3>
            <HR>
          </TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"48%"><SPAN=20
            style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">Dirty =
write</SPAN><BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"24%">Not possible<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"28%">Not =
possible<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"48%">Dirty read<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"24%">Not possible<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"28%">Not =
possible<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"48%">Nonrepeatable =
read<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"24%">Possible<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"28%">Not =
possible<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"48%">Phantoms<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"24%">Possible<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"28%">Not =
possible<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"48%">Compliant with ANSI/ISO SQL =
92<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"24%">Yes<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"28%">Yes<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"48%"><SPAN=20
            style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">Read materialized view=20
            time</SPAN><BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"24%">Statement<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"28%">Transaction<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"48%">Transaction set =
consistency<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"24%">Statement level<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"28%">Transaction =
level<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"48%">Row-level =
locking<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"24%">Yes<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"28%">Yes<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"48%"><SPAN=20
            style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">Readers block=20
          writers</SPAN><BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"24%">No<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"28%">No<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"48%"><SPAN=20
            style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">Writers block=20
          readers</SPAN><BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"24%">No<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"28%">No<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"48%"><SPAN=20
            style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">Different-row writers =
block=20
            writers</SPAN><BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"24%">No<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"28%">No<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"48%"><SPAN=20
            style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">Same-row writers block=20
            writers</SPAN><BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"24%">Yes<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"28%">Yes<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"48%"><SPAN=20
            style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">Waits for blocking=20
            transaction</SPAN><BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"24%">Yes<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"28%">Yes<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"48%">Subject to cannot serialize=20
access<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"24%">No<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"28%">Yes<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"48%"><SPAN=20
            style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">Error after blocking =
transaction=20
            terminates</SPAN><BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"24%">No<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"28%">No<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"48%"><SPAN=20
            style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">Error after blocking =
transaction=20
            commits</SPAN><BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"24%">No<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop =
width=3D"28%">Yes<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <TABLE id=3Dtable28 cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D"100%" =
border=3D0>
        <TBODY>
        <TR>
          <TD colSpan=3D3>
            <HR>
          </TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD width=3D"48%">=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"24%"><B><FONT=20
            =
color=3D#0000ff>=D2=D1=CC=E1=BD=BB=B6=C1=C8=A1<BR>=A1=A1</FONT></B></TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"28%"><B><FONT=20
          =
color=3D#0000ff>=B4=AE=D0=D0=BB=AF<BR>=A1=A1</FONT></B></TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD colSpan=3D3>
            <HR>
          </TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"48%">=D4=E0=D0=B4=C8=EB=A3=A8dirty =
write=A3=A9<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop =
width=3D"24%">=B2=BB=BF=C9=C4=DC<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop =
width=3D"28%">=B2=BB=BF=C9=C4=DC<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"48%">=D4=E0=B6=C1=C8=A1=A3=A8dirty =
read=A3=A9<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop =
width=3D"24%">=B2=BB=BF=C9=C4=DC<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop =
width=3D"28%">=B2=BB=BF=C9=C4=DC<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop =
width=3D"48%">=B2=BB=BF=C9=D6=D8=B8=B4=B6=C1=C8=A1=A3=A8nonrepeatable =
read=A3=A9<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"24%">=BF=C9=C4=DC<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop =
width=3D"28%">=B2=BB=BF=C9=C4=DC<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop =
width=3D"48%">=B2=BB=B4=E6=D4=DA=B6=C1=C8=A1=A3=A8phantom=A3=A9<BR>=A1=A1=
</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"24%">=BF=C9=C4=DC<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop =
width=3D"28%">=B2=BB=BF=C9=C4=DC<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"48%">=D3=EB ANSI/ISO SQL 92 =
=B1=EA=D7=BC=BC=E6=C8=DD<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"24%">=CA=C7<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"28%">=CA=C7<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop =
width=3D"48%">=CE=A8=D2=BB=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=CA=D3=CD=BC=B5=C4=CA=B9=D3=C3=
=B7=B6=CE=A7<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"24%">=D3=EF=BE=E4<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop =
width=3D"28%">=CA=C2=CE=F1<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop =
width=3D"48%">=CA=C2=CE=F1=BC=AF=CA=FD=BE=DD=D2=BB=D6=C2=D0=D4<BR>=A1=A1<=
/TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop =
width=3D"24%">=D3=EF=BE=E4=BC=B6<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop =
width=3D"28%">=CA=C2=CE=F1=BC=B6<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop =
width=3D"48%">=D0=D0=BC=B6=CB=F8<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"24%">=CA=C7<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"28%">=CA=C7<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop =
width=3D"48%">=B6=C1=B2=D9=D7=F7=A3=A8reader=A3=A9=D7=E8=C8=FB=D0=B4=B2=D9=
=D7=F7=A3=A8writer=A3=A9<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"24%">=B7=F1<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"28%">=B7=F1<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop =
width=3D"48%">=D0=B4=B2=D9=D7=F7=D7=E8=C8=FB=B6=C1=B2=D9=D7=F7<BR>=A1=A1<=
/TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"24%">=B7=F1<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"28%">=B7=F1<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop =
width=3D"48%">=D5=EB=B6=D4=B2=BB=CD=AC=CA=FD=BE=DD=D0=D0=B5=C4=D0=B4=B2=D9=
=D7=F7<BR>=CA=C7=B7=F1=CF=E0=BB=A5=D7=E8=C8=FB<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"24%">=B7=F1<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"28%">=B7=F1<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop =
width=3D"48%">=D5=EB=B6=D4=CF=E0=CD=AC=CA=FD=BE=DD=D0=D0=B5=C4=D0=B4=B2=D9=
=D7=F7<BR>=CA=C7=B7=F1=CF=E0=BB=A5=D7=E8=C8=FB<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"24%">=CA=C7<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"28%">=CA=C7<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop =
width=3D"48%">=B5=C8=B4=FD=B5=BC=D6=C2=D7=E8=C8=FB=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=A3=A8=
blocking transaction=A3=A9<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"24%">=CA=C7<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"28%">=CA=C7<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"48%">=BB=E1=B3=F6=CF=D6<FONT=20
            =
color=3D#0000ff>=CE=DE=B7=A8=BD=F8=D0=D0=B4=AE=D0=D0=BB=AF=B7=C3=CE=CA</F=
ONT>=A3=A8Cannot serialize access=A3=A9=B4=ED=CE=F3<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"24%">=B7=F1<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"28%">=CA=C7<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop =
width=3D"48%">=D4=DA=B5=BC=D6=C2=D7=E8=C8=FB=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=BD=E1=CA=F8=
=BA=F3<BR>=BD=AB=B7=A2=C9=FA=B4=ED=CE=F3<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"24%">=B7=F1<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"28%">=B7=F1<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop =
width=3D"48%">=D4=DA=B5=BC=D6=C2=D7=E8=C8=FB=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=CC=E1=BD=BB=
=BA=F3<BR>=BD=AB=B7=A2=C9=FA=B4=ED=CE=F3<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"24%">=B7=F1<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop =
width=3D"28%">=CA=C7<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>[<FONT=20
      color=3D#008000>=B2=CE=BF=BC 051-062=A3=AC=D3=C8=C6=E4=CA=C7 =
056=A3=AC=B9=D8=D3=DA=B4=AE=D0=D0=BB=AF=B8=F4=C0=EB=B5=C4=CC=D8=B5=E3=A3=BB=
=B6=F8=D3=EB=D7=E8=C8=FB=CF=E0=B9=D8=B5=C4=CC=F5=C4=BF=BF=C9=D2=D4=B2=CE=BF=
=BC 13.2.6.2=20
      =
=B9=D8=D3=DA=D0=D0=BC=B6=CB=F8=B5=C4=BD=E9=C9=DC=A1=A3</FONT>]<BR>=A1=A1<=
/TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">071</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3De.13.2.6.2></A>Row-Level Locking</H3></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3Dc.13.2.6.2></A>13.2.6.2 =
=D0=D0=BC=B6=CB=F8</H3></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">072</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Both =
read committed=20
      and serializable transactions use row-level locking, and both will =
wait if=20
      they try to change a row updated by an uncommitted concurrent =
transaction.=20
      The second transaction that tries to update a given row waits for =
the=20
      other transaction to commit or undo and release its lock. If that =
other=20
      transaction rolls back, the waiting transaction, regardless of its =

      isolation mode, can proceed to change the previously locked row as =
if the=20
      other transaction had not existed.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D4=DA=D2=D1=CC=E1=BD=BB=B6=C1=C8=A1=B8=F4=C0=EB=C4=A3=CA=BD=
=A3=A8read=20
      =
committed=A3=A9=BC=B0=B4=AE=D0=D0=BB=AF=B8=F4=C0=EB=C4=A3=CA=BD=A3=A8seri=
alizable=A3=A9=CF=C2=D6=B4=D0=D0=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=B6=BC=B2=C9=D3=C3=D0=D0=
=BC=B6=CB=F8=A3=A8row-level=20
      =
locking=A3=A9=BC=BC=CA=F5=A3=AC=CB=FB=C3=C7=D4=DA=B8=FC=D0=C2=B1=BB=CE=B4=
=CC=E1=BD=BB=B5=C4=B2=A2=B7=A2=CA=C2=CE=F1=D0=DE=B8=C4=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=D0=
=D0=CA=B1=B6=BC=BB=E1=B7=A2=C9=FA=B5=C8=B4=FD--=B5=C8=B4=FD=CE=B4=CC=E1=BD=
=BB=B5=C4=B2=A2=B7=A2=CA=C2=CE=F1=CC=E1=BD=BB=BB=F2=B3=B7=CF=FA=A3=AC=B2=A2=
=CA=CD=B7=C5=CB=F8=A1=A3=C8=E7=B9=FB=CE=B4=CC=E1=BD=BB=B5=C4=B2=A2=B7=A2=CA=
=C2=CE=F1=BD=F8=D0=D0=C1=CB=BB=D8=B9=F6=A3=AC=C4=C7=C3=B4=CE=DE=C2=DB=B7=A2=
=C9=FA=B5=C8=B4=FD=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=D4=CB=D0=D0=D4=DA=BA=CE=D6=D6=B8=F4=C0=
=EB=C4=A3=CA=BD=CF=C2=A3=AC=B6=BC=C4=DC=D0=DE=B8=C4=D6=AE=C7=B0=B1=BB=CB=F8=
=D7=A1=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=D0=D0=A3=AC=C8=E7=CD=AC=CE=B4=CC=E1=BD=BB=B5=C4=B2=
=A2=B7=A2=CA=C2=CE=F1=B2=BB=B4=E6=D4=DA=D2=BB=D1=F9=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD><=
/TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">073</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">However, if the=20
      other blocking transaction commits and releases its locks, a read=20
      committed transaction proceeds with its intended update. A =
serializable=20
      transaction, however, fails with the error <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>Cannot=20
      serialize access</FONT> error, because the other transaction has =
committed=20
      a change that was made since the serializable transaction =
began.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=B5=B1=B5=BC=D6=C2=D7=E8=C8=FB=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=A3=A8block=
ing transaction=A3=A9[<FONT=20
      =
color=3D#008000>=C7=B0=CE=C4=D6=D0=CC=E1=B5=BD=B5=C4=CE=B4=CC=E1=BD=BB=B5=
=C4=B2=A2=B7=A2=CA=C2=CE=F1</FONT>]=CC=E1=BD=BB=B2=A2=CA=CD=B7=C5=C1=CB=CB=
=F8=BA=F3=A3=AC=D4=CB=D0=D0=D4=DA=D2=D1=CC=E1=BD=BB=B6=C1=D0=B4=C4=A3=CA=BD=
=CF=C2=B5=C4=B5=C8=B4=FD=CA=C2=CE=F1=BE=CD=C4=DC=B9=BB=BC=CC=D0=F8=D6=B4=D0=
=D0=C6=E4=D6=D0=B5=C4=B8=FC=D0=C2=B2=D9=D7=F7=A1=A3=B6=F8=D4=CB=D0=D0=D4=DA=
=B4=AE=D0=D0=BB=AF=C4=A3=CA=BD=CF=C2=B5=C4=B5=C8=B4=FD=CA=C2=CE=F1=BD=AB=B3=
=F6=CF=D6<FONT=20
      =
color=3D#0000ff>=CE=DE=B7=A8=BD=F8=D0=D0=B4=AE=D0=D0=BB=AF=B7=C3=CE=CA</F=
ONT>=A3=A8Cannot serialize=20
      =
access=A3=A9=B4=ED=CE=F3=A3=AC=D2=F2=CE=AA=D7=E8=C8=FB=CA=C2=CE=F1=D4=DA=B4=
=AE=D0=D0=BB=AF=B5=C8=B4=FD=CA=C2=CE=F1=BF=AA=CA=BC=BA=F3=B8=FC=D0=C2=C1=CB=
=BA=F3=D5=DF=CB=F9=B4=E6=C8=A1=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR=
>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">074</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3De.13.2.6.3></A><SPAN=20
      style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">Referential =
Integrity</SPAN></H3></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3Dc.13.2.6.3></A>13.2.6.3 =
=D2=FD=D3=C3=CD=EA=D5=FB=D0=D4</H3></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">075</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Because Oracle does=20
      not use read locks in either read-consistent or serializable =
transactions,=20
      data read by one transaction can be overwritten by another. =
Transactions=20
      that perform database consistency checks at the application level =
cannot=20
      assume that the data they read will remain unchanged during the =
execution=20
      of the transaction even though such changes are not visible to the =

      transaction. Database inconsistencies can result unless such=20
      application-level consistency checks are coded with this in mind, =
even=20
      when using serializable transactions.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=CE=DE=C2=DB=D4=DA=D2=D1=CC=E1=BD=BB=B6=C1=C8=A1=B8=F4=C0=EB=
=C4=A3=CA=BD=A3=A8read=20
      =
committed=A3=A9=BB=B9=CA=C7=B4=AE=D0=D0=BB=AF=B8=F4=C0=EB=C4=A3=CA=BD=A3=A8=
serializable=A3=A9=D6=D0=A3=ACOracle=20
      =
=B6=BC=B2=BB=BB=E1=CA=B9=D3=C3=B6=C1=C8=A1=CB=F8=A3=AC=BC=B4=C4=B3=D2=BB=B8=
=F6=CA=C2=CE=F1=B6=C1=C8=A1=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=C9=C4=DC=BB=E1=B1=BB=C6=E4=
=CB=FB=CA=C2=CE=F1=B8=FC=D0=C2=A1=A3=D4=DA=D3=A6=D3=C3 =
=BC=B6=A3=A8application=20
      =
level=A3=A9=BD=F8=D0=D0=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=D2=BB=D6=C2=D0=D4=BC=EC=B2=E9=B5=
=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=CE=DE=B7=A8=C8=B7=B6=A8=D4=DA=C6=E4=D6=B4=D0=D0=C6=DA=BC=E4=
=CB=F9=B6=C1=C8=A1=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=CA=C7=B7=F1=CD=AC=CA=B1=D2=D1=B1=BB=D0=
=DE=B8=C4=A3=AC=D2=F2=CE=AA=CB=F9=D3=D0=D0=DE=B8=C4=B6=D4=B4=CB=CA=C2=CE=F1=
=C0=B4=CB=B5=CA=C7=CD=B8=C3=F7=B5=C4=A1=A3=C8=E7=B9=FB=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=
=F2=B5=C4=B4=FA=C2=EB=C2=DF=BC=AD=20
      =
=D0=E8=D2=AA=BD=F8=D0=D0=D3=A6=D3=C3=BC=B6=B5=C4=D2=BB=D6=C2=D0=D4=BC=EC=B2=
=E9=A3=AC=BC=B4=B1=E3=B2=C9=D3=C3=B4=AE=D0=D0=BB=AF=CA=C2=CE=F1=A3=A8seri=
alizable=20
transaction=A3=A9=A3=AC=D2=B2=B2=BB=C4=DC=B1=DC=C3=E2=CA=FD=BE=DD=B2=BB=D2=
=BB=D6=C2=B5=C4=CE=CA=CC=E2=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">076</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>See Also:</B><BR><BR><A=20
        =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/appdev.102/b142=
51/toc.htm">Oracle=20
        Database Application Developer's Guide - Fundamentals</A> for =
more=20
        information about referential integrity and serializable=20
      transactions</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>=C1=ED=BC=FB=A3=BA</B><BR><BR><A=20
        =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/appdev.102/b142=
51/toc.htm">Oracle=20
        Database Application Developer's Guide - Fundamentals</A>=20
        =
=C1=CB=BD=E2=B9=D8=D3=DA=D2=FD=D3=C3=CD=EA=D5=FB=D0=D4=BA=CD=B4=AE=D0=D0=BB=
=AF=CA=C2=CE=F1=B5=C4=CF=EA=CF=B8=D0=C5=CF=A2</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">077</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>Note:</B><BR><BR>You can use both read committed =
and=20
        serializable transaction isolation levels with Real Application=20
      Clusters.</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>Note:</B><BR><BR>=D4=DA RAC=20
      =
=BB=B7=BE=B3=D6=D0=A3=AC=D3=C3=BB=A7=D2=B2=BF=C9=D2=D4=D1=A1=D4=F1=D2=D1=CC=
=E1=BD=BB=B6=C1=C8=A1=BB=F2=B4=AE=D0=D0=BB=AF=C1=BD=D6=D6=CA=C2=CE=F1=B8=F4=
=C0=EB=BC=B6=B1=F0=A1=A3</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">078</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3De.13.2.6.4></A>Distributed Transactions</H3></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3Dc.13.2.6.4></A>13.2.6.4 =
=B7=D6=B2=BC=CA=BD=CA=C2=CE=F1</H3></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">079</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">In a =
distributed=20
      database environment, a given transaction updates data in multiple =

      physical databases protected by two-phase commit to ensure all =
nodes or=20
      none commit. In such an environment, all servers, whether Oracle =
or=20
      non-Oracle, that participate in a serializable transaction are =
required to=20
      support serializable isolation mode.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=D4=DA=B7=D6=B2=BC=CA=BD=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=CF=B5=CD=B3=D6=D0=
=A3=AC=D2=BB=B8=F6=B8=FC=D0=C2=B6=E0=B8=F6=CE=EF=C0=ED=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=D6=
=D0=CA=FD=BE=DD=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=BD=AB=B2=C9=D3=C3=C1=BD=B2=BD=CC=E1=BD=BB=
=BB=FA=D6=C6=A3=A8two-phase=20
      =
commit=A3=A9=D2=D4=B1=A3=D6=A4=CA=C2=CE=F1=D4=DA=CB=F9=D3=D0=BD=DA=B5=E3=C9=
=CF=C8=AB=B2=BF=CC=E1=BD=BB=BB=F2=C8=AB=B2=BF=BB=D8=B9=F6=A1=A3=D4=DA=B7=D6=
=B2=BC=CA=BD=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=CF=B5=CD=B3=D6=D0=A3=AC=D2=BB=B8=F6=B2=C9=D3=
=C3=B4=AE=D0=D0=BB=AF=B8=F4=C0=EB=A3=A8serializable=A3=A9=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=
=CB=F9=C9=E6=BC=B0=B5=C4=CB=F9=D3=D0=20
      Oracle =BC=B0=B7=C7 Oracle =
=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B6=BC=B1=D8=D0=EB=D6=A7=B3=D6=B4=AE=D0=D0=BB=AF=B8=F4=C0=
=EB=C4=A3=CA=BD=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">080</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">If a =
serializable=20
      transaction tries to update data in a database managed by a server =
that=20
      does not support serializable transactions, the transaction =
receives an=20
      error. <SPAN style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">The transaction =
can undo=20
      and retry only when the remote server does support serializable=20
      transactions.</SPAN><BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=B5=B1=D2=BB=B8=F6=B4=AE=D0=D0=BB=AF=CA=C2=CE=F1=CA=D4=CD=BC=
=D4=DA=B2=BB=D6=A7=B3=D6=B4=AE=D0=D0=BB=AF=B8=F4=C0=EB=C4=A3=CA=BD=B5=C4=CA=
=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=D6=D0=B8=FC=D0=C2=CA=FD=BE=DD=CA=B1=A3=AC=B4=CB=CA=C2=CE=F1=
=BD=AB=B7=A2=C9=FA=B4=ED=CE=F3=A1=A3=D6=BB=D3=D0=D4=B6=B3=CC=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=
=E2=D6=A7=B3=D6=B4=AE=D0=D0=BB=AF=B8=F4=C0=EB=C4=A3=CA=BD=CA=B1=A3=AC=CA=C2=
=CE=F1=B7=A2=C9=FA=B4=ED=CE=F3=BA=F3=B2=C5=C4=DC=B3=B7=CF=FA=B2=A2=D6=D8=CA=
=D4=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">081</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">In =
contrast, read=20
      committed transactions can perform distributed transactions with =
servers=20
      that do not support serializable transactions.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D3=EB=B4=AE=D0=D0=BB=AF=B8=F4=C0=EB=C4=A3=CA=BD=CF=E0=B7=B4=
=A3=AC=B2=C9=D3=C3=D2=D1=CC=E1=BD=BB=B6=C1=C8=A1=B8=F4=C0=EB=C4=A3=CA=BD=A3=
=A8read=20
      =
committed=A3=A9=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=D4=DA=B2=BB=D6=A7=B3=D6=B4=AE=D0=D0=BB=AF=
=B8=F4=C0=EB=C4=A3=CA=BD=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=D6=D0=D6=B4=D0=D0=B7=D6=B2=
=BC=CA=BD=CA=C2=CE=F1=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">082</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>See Also:</B><BR><BR><A=20
        =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b142=
31/toc.htm">Oracle=20
        Database Administrator's Guide</A> </BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>=C1=ED=BC=FB=A3=BA</B><BR><BR><A=20
        =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b142=
31/toc.htm">Oracle=20
        Database Administrator's Guide</A> </BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">083</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H2><A name=3De.13.2.7></A>Choice of Isolation Level</H2></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H2><A name=3Dc.13.2.7></A>13.2.7 =
=D1=A1=D4=F1=CA=C2=CE=F1=B8=F4=C0=EB=BC=B6=B1=F0</H2></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">084</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Application=20
      designers and developers should choose an isolation level based on =

      application performance and consistency needs as well as =
application=20
      coding requirements.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=B5=C4=C9=E8=BC=C6=A1=A2=BF=AA=B7=A2=
=D5=DF=D3=A6=B5=B1=B8=F9=BE=DD=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=B5=C4=D0=D4=C4=DC=D2=
=AA=C7=F3=A3=AC=CA=FD=BE=DD=D2=BB=D6=C2=D0=D4=D2=AA=C7=F3=A3=AC=D2=D4=BC=B0=
=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=B5=C4=B1=E0=C2=EB=D0=E8=C7=F3=C0=B4=BE=F6=B6=A8=D1=
=A1=D4=F1=BA=CE=D6=D6=B8=F4=C0=EB=BC=B6=B1=F0=A3=A8isolation=20
      level=A3=A9=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">085</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">For =
environments=20
      with many concurrent users rapidly submitting transactions, =
designers must=20
      assess transaction performance requirements in terms of the =
expected=20
      transaction arrival rate and response time demands. Frequently, =
for=20
      high-performance environments, the choice of isolation levels =
involves a=20
      trade-off between consistency and concurrency.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=B6=D4=D3=DA=B4=E6=D4=DA=B4=F3=C1=BF=B2=A2=B7=A2=D3=C3=BB=A7=
=BF=EC=CB=D9=B5=D8=CC=E1=BD=BB=CA=C2=CE=F1=B5=C4=CF=B5=CD=B3=C0=B4=CB=B5=A3=
=AC=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=C9=E8=BC=C6=D5=DF=D3=A6=B8=C3=B4=D3=CA=C2=CE=F1=
=B4=A6=C0=ED=C1=BF=BC=B0=CF=EC=D3=A6=CA=B1=BC=E4=B5=C4=BD=C7=B6=C8=C6=C0=B9=
=C0=CA=C2=CE=F1=B4=A6=C0=ED=B5=C4=D0=D4=C4=DC=A1=A3=CD=A8=B3=A3=C0=B4=CB=B5=
=A3=AC=CE=AA=D2=BB=B8=F6=B6=D4=D0=D4=C4=DC=D2=AA=C7=F3=B8=DF=B5=C4=CF=B5=CD=
=B3=D1=A1=D4=F1=CA=C2=CE=F1=B8=F4=C0=EB=BC=B6=B1=F0=CA=B1=A3=AC=D0=E8=D2=AA=
=D4=DA=CA=FD=BE=DD=D2=BB=D6=C2=D0=D4=BC=B0=CA=FD=BE=DD=B2=A2=B7=A2=B4=A6=C0=
=ED=BC=E4=BD=F8=D0=D0=C6=BD=BA=E2=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">086</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Application logic=20
      that checks database consistency must take into account the fact =
that=20
      reads do not block writes in either mode.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=D4=DA=D3=A6=D3=C3=B2=E3=B6=D4=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=D2=BB=D6=C2=
=D0=D4=BD=F8=D0=D0=BC=EC=B2=E9=B5=C4=D3=A6=D3=C3=C2=DF=BC=AD=B1=D8=D0=EB=D7=
=A2=D2=E2=A3=AC=D4=DA=C1=BD=D6=D6=B8=F4=C0=EB=C4=A3=CA=BD=CF=C2=B6=C1=B2=D9=
=D7=F7=B6=BC=B2=BB=BB=E1=D7=E8=C8=FB=D0=B4=B2=D9=D7=F7=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</T=
D></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">087</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle =
isolation=20
      modes provide high levels of consistency, concurrency, and =
performance=20
      through the combination of row-level locking and Oracle's =
multiversion=20
      concurrency control system. Readers and writers do not block one =
another=20
      in Oracle. Therefore, while queries still see consistent data, =
both read=20
      committed and serializable isolation provide a high level of =
concurrency=20
      for high performance, without the need for reading uncommitted=20
    data.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">=D4=DA Oracle =
=D0=D0=BC=B6=CB=F8=A3=A8row-level locking=A3=A9=BC=B0=20
      Oracle =
=B6=E0=B0=E6=B1=BE=B2=A2=B7=A2=B7=C3=CE=CA=BF=D8=D6=C6=CF=B5=CD=B3=A3=A8m=
ultiversion concurrency control =
system=A3=A9=B5=C4=BB=F9=B4=A1=C9=CF=A3=ACOracle=20
      =
=B5=C4=C1=BD=D6=D6=CA=C2=CE=F1=B8=F4=C0=EB=C4=A3=CA=BD=C4=DC=B9=BB=CA=B5=CF=
=D6=B8=DF=D2=BB=D6=C2=D0=D4=A3=AC=B8=DF=B2=A2=B7=A2=D0=D4=BC=B0=B8=DF=D0=D4=
=C4=DC=A1=A3=D4=DA Oracle =
=CF=B5=CD=B3=D6=D0=A3=AC=B6=C1=D0=B4=B2=D9=D7=F7=B2=BB=BB=E1=CF=E0=BB=A5=D7=
=E8=C8=FB=A1=A3=D2=F2=B4=CB=A3=AC=D2=D1=CC=E1=BD=BB=B6=C1=C8=A1=A3=A8read=
=20
      =
committed=A3=A9=BA=CD=B4=AE=D0=D0=BB=AF=A3=A8serializable=A3=A9=C1=BD=D6=D6=
=B8=F4=C0=EB=C4=A3=CA=BD=B6=BC=C4=DC=CC=E1=B9=A9=B8=DF=B6=C8=B5=C4=B2=A2=B7=
=A2=B7=C3=CE=CA=C4=DC=C1=A6=A3=AC=B4=D3=B6=F8=B1=A3=D6=A4=CF=B5=CD=B3=B5=C4=
=B8=DF=D0=D4=C4=DC=A3=AC=CD=AC=CA=B1=B2=E9=D1=AF=CE=DE=D0=E8=B6=C1=C8=A1=CE=
=B4=CC=E1=BD=BB=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=20
      =A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">088</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3De.13.2.7.1></A>Read Committed Isolation</H3></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3Dc.13.2.7.1></A>13.2.7.1 =
=D2=D1=CC=E1=BD=BB=B6=C1=C8=A1=B8=F4=C0=EB</H3></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">089</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">For =
many=20
      applications, read committed is the most appropriate isolation =
level. Read=20
      committed isolation can provide considerably more concurrency with =
a=20
      somewhat increased risk of inconsistent results due to phantoms =
and=20
      non-repeatable reads for some transactions.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=B6=D4=D3=DA=B4=F3=B6=E0=CA=FD=D3=A6=D3=C3=C0=B4=CB=B5=A3=AC=
=D2=D1=CC=E1=BD=BB=B6=C1=C8=A1=B8=F4=C0=EB=A3=A8read=20
      =
committed=A3=A9=CA=C7=D7=EE=CA=CA=BA=CF=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=B8=F4=C0=EB=BC=B6=
=B1=F0=A1=A3=D2=D1=CC=E1=BD=BB=B6=C1=C8=A1=B8=F4=C0=EB=C4=DC=B9=BB=D7=EE=B4=
=F3=CF=DE=B6=C8=B5=D8=B1=A3=D6=A4=CA=FD=BE=DD=B2=A2=B7=A2=D0=D4=A3=AC=B5=AB=
=D4=DA=C4=B3=D0=A9=CA=C2=CE=F1=D6=D0=BF=C9=C4=DC=BB=E1=B3=F6=CF=D6=B2=BB=BF=
=C9=D6=D8=B8=B4=B6=C1=C8=A1=A3=A8non-repeatable=20
      =
read=A3=A9=BB=F2=B2=BB=B4=E6=D4=DA=B6=C1=C8=A1=A3=A8phantom=A3=A9=A3=AC=D2=
=F2=B4=CB=C2=D4=CE=A2=D4=F6=BC=D3=C1=CB=B3=F6=CF=D6=CA=FD=BE=DD=B2=BB=D2=BB=
=D6=C2=D0=D4=B5=C4=B7=E7=CF=D5=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">090</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Many=20
      high-performance environments with high <SPAN=20
      style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">transaction arrival =
rates</SPAN> require=20
      more throughput and faster response times than can be achieved =
with=20
      serializable isolation. Other environments that supports users =
with a very=20
      low transaction arrival rate also face very low risk of incorrect =
results=20
      due to phantoms and nonrepeatable reads. Read committed isolation =
is=20
      suitable for both of these environments.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=D4=DA=B6=D4=D0=D4=C4=DC=D2=AA=C7=F3=BD=CF=B8=DF=B5=C4=CF=B5=
=CD=B3=D6=D0=A3=AC=CE=AA=C1=CB=D3=A6=B6=D4=BD=CF=B8=DF=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=B5=
=BD=C0=B4=C2=CA=A3=A8transaction arrival=20
      =
rate=A3=A9=A3=AC=CF=B5=CD=B3=D0=E8=D2=AA=CC=E1=B9=A9=B8=FC=B4=F3=B5=C4=CA=
=C2=CE=F1=CD=CC=CD=C2=C1=BF=BA=CD=B8=FC=BF=EC=B5=C4=CF=EC=D3=A6=CB=D9=B6=C8=
=A3=AC=B4=CB=CA=B1=B2=C9=D3=C3=B4=AE=D0=D0=BB=AF=B8=F4=C0=EB=BF=C9=C4=DC=C4=
=D1=D2=D4=CA=B5=CF=D6=A1=A3=BB=B9=D3=D0=D2=BB=C0=E0=CF=B5=CD=B3=A3=AC=C6=E4=
=CA=C2=CE=F1=B5=BD=C0=B4=C2=CA=BD=CF=B5=CD=A3=AC=B3=F6=CF=D6=B2=BB=BF=C9=D6=
=D8=B8=B4=B6=C1=C8=A1=BB=F2=B2=BB=B4=E6=D4=DA=B6=C1=C8=A1=B5=C4=B7=E7=CF=D5=
=D2=B2=BD=CF=B5=CD=A1=A3=D2=D4=C9=CF=C1=BD=D6=D6=CF=B5=CD=B3=BE=F9=CA=CA=BA=
=CF=B2=C9=D3=C3=D2=D1=CC=E1=BD=BB=B6=C1=C8=A1=B8=F4=C0=EB=20
      =A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">091</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle =
read=20
      committed isolation provides transaction set consistency for every =
query.=20
      That is, every query sees data in a consistent state. Therefore, =
read=20
      committed isolation will suffice for many applications that might =
require=20
      a higher degree of isolation if run on other database management =
systems=20
      that do not use multiversion concurrency control.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle=20
      =
=B5=C4=D2=D1=CC=E1=BD=BB=B6=C1=C8=A1=B8=F4=C0=EB=C4=DC=B9=BB=C8=B7=B1=A3=CB=
=F9=D3=D0=B2=E9=D1=AF=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=BC=AF=CA=FD=BE=DD=D2=BB=D6=C2=D0=D4=
=A3=A8transaction set=20
      =
consistent=A3=A9=A1=A3=BC=B4=B2=E9=D1=AF=BB=F1=B5=C3=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=CA=
=C7=B4=A6=D3=DA=D2=BB=D6=C2=D0=D4=D7=B4=CC=AC=CF=C2=B5=C4=A1=A3=D2=F2=B4=CB=
=D4=DA Oracle=20
      =
=D6=D0=D2=D1=CC=E1=BD=BB=B6=C1=C8=A1=B8=F4=C0=EB=C4=DC=B9=BB=C2=FA=D7=E3=B4=
=F3=B6=E0=CA=FD=D3=A6=D3=C3=B5=C4=D2=AA=C7=F3=A1=A3=B6=F8=D4=DA=C3=BB=D3=D0=
=B6=E0=B0=E6=B1=BE=B2=A2=B7=A2=B7=C3=CE=CA=BF=D8=D6=C6=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=
=E2=B9=DC=C0=ED=CF=B5=CD=B3=D6=D0=A3=AC=BF=AA=B7=A2=D5=DF=BF=C9=C4=DC=D0=E8=
=D2=AA=B2=C9=D3=C3=B8=FC=B8=DF=B3=CC=B6=C8=B5=C4=B8=F4=C0=EB=B7=BD=CA=BD=A1=
=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">092</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Read =
committed=20
      isolation mode does not require application logic to trap the =
<FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>Cannot serialize access</FONT> error and loop back =
to=20
      restart a transaction. In most applications, few transactions have =
a=20
      functional need to issue the same query twice, so for many =
applications=20
      protection against phantoms and non-repeatable reads is not =
important.=20
      Therefore many developers choose read committed to avoid the need =
to write=20
      such error checking and retry code in each =
transaction.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D4=DA=D2=D1=CC=E1=BD=BB=B6=C1=C8=A1=B8=F4=C0=EB=C4=A3=CA=BD=
=CF=C2=A3=AC=BF=AA=B7=A2=D5=DF=B2=BB=D0=E8=D2=AA=D4=DA=D3=A6=D3=C3=C2=DF=BC=
=AD=D6=D0=B2=B6=BB=F1<FONT=20
      =
color=3D#0000ff>=CE=DE=B7=A8=BD=F8=D0=D0=B4=AE=D0=D0=BB=AF=B7=C3=CE=CA</F=
ONT>=A3=A8Cannot serialize=20
      =
access=A3=A9=B4=ED=CE=F3=A3=AC=D2=B2=CE=DE=D0=E8=BB=D8=B9=F6=B2=A2=D6=D8=D0=
=C2=D6=B4=D0=D0=CA=C2=CE=F1=A1=A3=D4=DA=B4=F3=B6=E0=CA=FD=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=
=D0=F2=D6=D0=A3=AC=BC=B8=BA=F5=B2=BB=BB=E1=D3=D0=D4=DA=D2=BB=B8=F6=CA=C2=CE=
=F1=D6=D0=D6=B4=D0=D0=CD=AC=D2=BB=B2=E9=D1=AF=B6=E0=B4=CE=B5=C4=C7=E9=BF=F6=
=A3=AC=D2=F2=B4=CB=D4=DA=D5=E2=D0=A9=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=D6=D0=A3=AC=CE=
=AA=B7=C0=D6=B9=B3=F6=CF=D6=B2=BB=BF=C9=D6=D8=B8=B4=B6=C1=C8=A1=BB=F2=B2=BB=
=B4=E6=D4=DA=B6=C1=C8=A1=B6=F8=B2=C9=C8=A1=B5=C4=B1=A3=BB=A4=B4=EB=CA=A9=B2=
=A2=B2=BB=D6=D8=D2=AA=A1=A3=20
      =
=C8=E7=B9=FB=BF=AA=B7=A2=D5=DF=D1=A1=D4=F1=D2=D1=CC=E1=BD=BB=B6=C1=C8=A1=B8=
=F4=C0=EB=A3=AC=BE=CD=C4=DC=B9=BB=CA=A1=C2=D4=D4=DA=C3=BF=B8=F6=CA=C2=CE=F1=
=D6=D0=BC=D3=C8=EB=B4=ED=CE=F3=BC=EC=B2=E9=BC=B0=CA=C2=CE=F1=D6=D8=D7=F6=B5=
=C4=B4=FA=C2=EB=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">093</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3De.13.2.7.2></A>Serializable Isolation</H3></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3Dc.13.2.7.2></A>13.2.7.2 =
=B4=AE=D0=D0=BB=AF=B8=F4=C0=EB</H3></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">094</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Oracle's=20
      serializable isolation is suitable for environments where there is =
a=20
      relatively low chance that two concurrent transactions will modify =
the=20
      same rows and the long-running transactions are primarily read =
only. It is=20
      most suitable for environments with large databases and short =
transactions=20
      that update only a few rows.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle =
=B5=C4=B4=AE=D0=D0=BB=AF=B8=F4=C0=EB=A3=A8serializable=20
      =
isolation=A3=A9=CA=CA=BA=CF=D3=DA=BE=DF=B1=B8=D2=D4=CF=C2=CC=D8=B5=E3=B5=C4=
=CF=B5=CD=B3=A3=BA=B3=F6=CF=D6=D0=DE=B8=C4=CF=E0=CD=AC=CA=FD=BE=DD=B5=C4=CA=
=C2=CE=F1=B5=C4=BC=B8=C2=CA=BD=CF=D0=A1=A3=AC=C7=D2=B3=A4=CA=B1=BC=E4=D6=B4=
=D0=D0=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=D2=D4=D6=BB=B6=C1=B2=D9=D7=F7=CE=AA=D6=F7=A1=A3=D7=
=EE=CA=CA=BA=CF=B2=C9=D3=C3=B4=AE=D0=D0=BB=AF=B8=F4=C0=EB=B5=C4=CF=B5=CD=B3=
=CA=C7=B4=F3=D0=CD=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=A3=AC=C7=D2=C6=E4=D6=D0=D6=F7=D2=AA=D4=
=CB=D0=D0=B8=FC=D0=C2=C9=D9=C1=BF=CA=FD=BE=DD=B5=C4=B6=CC=D0=A1=CA=C2=CE=F1=
=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">095</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Serializable=20
      isolation mode provides somewhat more consistency by protecting =
against=20
      phantoms and nonrepeatable reads and can be important where a =
read/write=20
      transaction runs a query more than once.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=B4=AE=D0=D0=BB=AF=B8=F4=C0=EB=C4=DC=B9=BB=CC=E1=B9=A9=B8=FC=
=BA=C3=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=D2=BB=D6=C2=D0=D4=A3=AC=CB=FD=C4=DC=D7=E8=D6=B9=B2=
=BB=BF=C9=D6=D8=B8=B4=B6=C1=C8=A1=A3=A8nonrepeatable=20
      =
read=A3=A9=BB=F2=B2=BB=B4=E6=D4=DA=B6=C1=C8=A1=A3=A8phantom=A3=A9=B5=C4=CF=
=D6=CF=F3=A1=A3=B5=B1=D2=BB=B8=F6=B6=C1=BB=F2=D0=B4=CA=C2=CE=F1=D6=D0=D0=E8=
=D2=AA=D4=CB=D0=D0=CD=AC=D2=BB=B2=E9=D1=AF=B6=E0=B4=CE=CA=B1=A3=AC=B4=AE=D0=
=D0=BB=AF=B8=F4=C0=EB=B5=C4=D7=F7=D3=C3=B8=FC=BC=D3=C3=F7=CF=D4=A1=A3<BR>=
=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">096</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Unlike =
other=20
      implementations of serializable isolation, which lock blocks for =
read as=20
      well as write, Oracle provides nonblocking queries and the fine=20
      granularity of row-level locking, both of which reduce read/write=20
      contention. For applications that experience mostly read/write =
contention,=20
      Oracle serializable isolation can provide significantly more =
throughput=20
      than other systems. Therefore, some applications might be suitable =
for=20
      serializable isolation on Oracle but not on other =
systems.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=C4=B3=D0=A9=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B9=DC=C0=ED=CF=B5=CD=B3=D4=DA=
=CA=B5=CF=D6=B4=AE=D0=D0=BB=AF=B8=F4=C0=EB=CA=B1=A3=AC=CE=DE=C2=DB=B6=C1=D0=
=B4=B2=D9=D7=F7=B6=BC=D2=AA=B6=D4=D5=FB=B8=F6=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E9=BC=D3=CB=F8=
=A1=A3=B6=F8 Oracle=20
      =
=D4=F2=B2=C9=D3=C3=C1=CB=CE=DE=D7=E8=C8=FB=B2=E9=D1=AF=A3=A8nonblocking =
query=A3=A9=BC=B0=B5=CD=C1=A3=B6=C8=B5=C4=D0=D0=BC=B6=CB=F8=BC=BC=CA=F5=A3=
=A8row-level=20
      =
locking=A3=A9=A3=AC=BC=F5=C9=D9=C1=CB=B6=C1=D0=B4=B2=D9=D7=F7=BC=E4=B5=C4=
=BE=BA=D5=F9=A1=A3=B6=D4=D3=DA=B4=E6=D4=DA=BD=CF=B6=E0=B6=C1=D0=B4=BE=BA=D5=
=F9=B5=C4=D3=A6=D3=C3=A3=ACOracle=20
      =
=B5=C4=B4=AE=D0=D0=BB=AF=B8=F4=C0=EB=D3=EB=C6=E4=CB=FB=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B9=
=DC=C0=ED=CF=B5=CD=B3=CF=E0=B1=C8=C4=DC=B9=BB=B4=F3=B4=F3=B5=D8=CC=E1=B8=DF=
=CA=C2=CE=F1=B4=A6=C0=ED=C4=DC=C1=A6=A1=A3=D2=F2=B4=CB=A3=AC=C4=B3=D0=A9=D3=
=A6=D3=C3=D4=DA Oracle=20
      =
=D6=D0=BF=C9=D2=D4=B2=C9=D3=C3=B4=AE=D0=D0=BB=AF=B8=F4=C0=EB=A3=AC=B6=F8=D4=
=DA=C6=E4=CB=FB=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B9=DC=C0=ED=CF=B5=CD=B3=D4=F2=CE=B4=B1=D8=
=BF=C9=D0=D0=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">097</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">All =
queries in an=20
      Oracle serializable transaction see the database as of a single =
point in=20
      time, so this isolation level is suitable where multiple =
consistent=20
      queries must be issued in a read/write transaction. A =
report-writing=20
      application that generates summary data and stores it in the =
database=20
      might use serializable mode because it provides the consistency =
that a=20
      <FONT color=3D#0000ff>READ ONLY</FONT> transaction provides, but =
also allows=20
      <FONT color=3D#0000ff>INSERT</FONT>, <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>UPDATE</FONT>, and=20
      <FONT color=3D#0000ff>DELETE</FONT>.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=D4=CB=D0=D0=D4=DA=B4=AE=D0=D0=BB=AF=B8=F4=C0=EB=C4=A3=CA=BD=
=CF=C2=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=D6=D0=B5=C4=CB=F9=D3=D0=B2=E9=D1=AF=CB=F9=BB=F1=B5=
=C3=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=B6=BC=C0=B4=D7=D4=CD=AC=D2=BB=CA=B1=BC=E4=B5=E3=A3=A8=
single point in=20
      =
time=A3=A9=A3=AC=D2=F2=B4=CB=D5=E2=D6=D6=B8=F4=C0=EB=BC=B6=B1=F0=CA=CA=BA=
=CF=D3=DA=D0=E8=D2=AA=D6=B4=D0=D0=B6=E0=B8=F6=C2=FA=D7=E3=D2=BB=D6=C2=D0=D4=
=B5=C4=B2=E9=D1=AF=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=A1=A3=C0=FD=C8=E7=A3=AC=BB=E3=D7=DC=CA=
=FD=BE=DD=B2=A2=BD=AB=BD=E1=B9=FB=D0=B4=C8=EB=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B5=C4=B1=A8=
=B1=ED=D3=A6=D3=C3=BF=C9=D2=D4=B2=C9=D3=C3=B4=AE=D0=D0=BB=AF=B8=F4=C0=EB=A3=
=AC=D2=F2=CE=AA=B4=AE=D0=D0=BB=AF=CA=C2=CE=F1=CB=F9=CC=E1=B9=A9=B5=C4=CA=FD=
=BE=DD=D2=BB=D6=C2=D0=D4=D3=EB=20
      <FONT color=3D#0000ff>READ ONLY</FONT> =
=CA=C2=CE=F1=CF=E0=CD=AC=A3=AC=B5=AB=C6=E4=D6=D0=BB=B9=BF=C9=D2=D4=D6=B4=D0=
=D0 <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>INSERT</FONT>=A3=AC<FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>UPDATE</FONT>=A3=AC=BA=CD <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>DELETE</FONT> =B2=D9=D7=F7=A1=A3<FONT =
color=3D#0000ff><BR>=A1=A1</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">098</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>Note:</B><BR><BR>Transactions containing DML =
statements=20
        with subqueries should use serializable isolation to guarantee=20
        consistent read.</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      =
<BLOCKQUOTE><B>=CC=E1=CA=BE=A3=BA</B><BR><BR>=C8=E7=B9=FB=CA=C2=CE=F1=D6=D0=
=B4=E6=D4=DA=CA=B9=D3=C3=C1=CB=D7=D3=B2=E9=D1=AF=B5=C4 DML=20
      =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=A3=AC=D3=A6=B8=C3=CA=B9=D3=C3=B4=AE=D0=D0=BB=AF=B8=F4=C0=EB=C0=
=B4=B1=A3=D6=A4=D2=BB=D6=C2=D0=D4=B5=C4=B6=C1=C8=A1=A1=A3</BLOCKQUOTE></T=
D></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">099</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Coding =
serializable=20
      transactions requires extra work by the application developer to =
check for=20
      the <FONT color=3D#0000ff>Cannot serialize access</FONT> error and =
to undo=20
      and retry the transaction. Similar extra coding is needed in other =

      database management systems to manage deadlocks. For adherence to=20
      corporate standards or for applications that are run on multiple =
database=20
      management systems, it may be necessary to design transactions for =

      serializable mode. Transactions that check for serializability =
failures=20
      and retry can be used with Oracle read committed mode, which does =
not=20
      generate serializability errors.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D4=DA=CA=B5=CF=D6=B4=AE=D0=D0=BB=AF=B8=F4=C0=EB=CA=C2=CE=F1=
=CA=B1=A3=AC=D3=A6=D3=C3=BF=AA=B7=A2=D5=DF=B1=D8=D0=EB=B1=E0=C2=EB=C0=B4=B2=
=B6=BB=F1<FONT=20
      =
color=3D#0000ff>=CE=DE=B7=A8=BD=F8=D0=D0=B4=AE=D0=D0=BB=AF=B7=C3=CE=CA</F=
ONT>=A3=A8Cannot serialize=20
      =
access=A3=A9=B4=ED=CE=F3=A3=AC=D6=AE=BA=F3=BB=D8=B9=F6=B2=A2=D6=D8=D7=F6=CA=
=C2=CE=F1=A1=A3=D4=DA=C6=E4=CB=FB=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B9=DC=C0=ED=CF=B5=CD=B3=
=D6=D0=D0=E8=D2=AA=C0=E0=CB=C6=B5=C4=B4=FA=C2=EB=C0=B4=B4=A6=C0=ED=CB=C0=CB=
=F8=A3=A8deadlock=A3=A9=A1=A3=D3=D0=CA=B1=CE=AA=C1=CB=D7=F1=B4=D3=D2=D1=D3=
=D0=CF=B5=CD=B3=B5=C4=B1=EA=D7=BC=A3=AC=BB=F2=D5=DF=B5=B1=D3=A6=D3=C3=BF=C9=
=C4=DC=D4=CB=D0=D0=D4=DA=B6=E0=D6=D6=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B9=DC=C0=ED=CF=B5=CD=
=B3=C9=CF=CA=B1=A3=AC=D3=A6=B0=B4=D5=D5=B4=AE=D0=D0=BB=AF=B8=F4=C0=EB=B5=C4=
=D2=AA=C7=F3=C0=B4=C9=E8=BC=C6=CA=C2=CE=F1=B4=A6=C0=ED=B4=FA=C2=EB=A1=A3=BE=
=DF=B1=B8=BC=EC=B2=E9=B2=A2=B4=A6=C0=ED=B4=AE=D0=D0=BB=AF=B4=ED=CE=F3=B9=A6=
=C4=DC=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=D2=B2=BF=C9=D2=D4=D4=CB=D0=D0=D4=DA=20
      Oracle =B5=C4=D2=D1=CC=E1=BD=BB=B6=C1=C8=A1=A3=A8read =
committed=A3=A9=B8=F4=C0=EB=C4=A3=CA=BD=CF=C2=A3=AC=D2=F2=CE=AA=B4=CB=D6=D6=
=B8=F4=C0=EB=C4=A3=CA=BD=CF=C2=B2=BB=BB=E1=B2=FA=C9=FA=B4=AE=D0=D0=BB=AF=B4=
=ED=CE=F3=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">100</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Serializable mode is=20
      probably not the best choice in an environment with relatively =
long=20
      transactions that must update the same rows accessed by a high =
volume of=20
      short update transactions. Because a longer running transaction is =

      unlikely to be the first to modify a given row, it will repeatedly =
need to=20
      roll back, wasting work. <SPAN style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: =
#ffff00">Note that=20
      a conventional read-locking, pessimistic implementation of =
serializable=20
      mode would not be suitable for this environment either</SPAN>, =
because=20
      long-running transactions=A1=AAeven read transactions=A1=AAwould =
block the progress=20
      of short update transactions and vice versa.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=C8=E7=B9=FB=CF=B5=CD=B3=D6=D0=B4=E6=D4=DA=B3=A4=CA=B1=BC=E4=
=D4=CB=D0=D0=B5=C4=D0=B4=CA=C2=CE=F1=A3=AC=C7=D2=C6=E4=CB=F9=B2=D9=D7=F7=B5=
=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=CD=AC=CA=B1=BB=B9=BB=E1=B1=BB=B4=F3=C1=BF=B5=C4=D0=A1=CA=C2=
=CE=F1=B8=FC=D0=C2=A3=AC=D4=F2=B4=CB=C0=E0=CF=B5=CD=B3=B2=BB=D3=A6=B2=C9=D3=
=C3=B4=AE=D0=D0=BB=AF=C4=A3=CA=BD=A1=A3=D2=F2=CE=AA=B3=A4=CA=C2=CE=F1=CB=F9=
=D0=E8=B8=FC=D0=C2=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=C9=C4=DC=BB=E1=B1=BB=C6=E4=CB=FB=CA=
=C2=CE=F1=C7=C0=CF=C8=B8=FC=D0=C2=A3=AC=D4=F2=B3=A4=CA=C2=CE=F1=BF=C9=C4=DC=
=D0=E8=D2=AA=D6=D8=B8=B4=B5=D8=BB=D8=B9=F6=A3=AC=C0=CB=B7=D1=CF=B5=CD=B3=D7=
=CA=D4=B4=A1=A3=D0=E8=D2=AA=D7=A2=D2=E2=B5=C4=CA=C7=A3=AC=C6=E4=CB=FB=CA=FD=
=BE=DD=BF=E2=B9=DC=C0=ED=CF=B5=CD=B3=CB=F9=CA=B5=CF=D6=B5=C4=B4=AE=D0=D0=BB=
=AF=B8=F4=C0=EB=A3=A8=CA=B9=D3=C3=B6=C1=C8=A1=CB=F8=A3=A8read-locking=A3=A9=
=A3=A9=CD=AC=D1=F9=B2=BB=CA=CA=BA=CF=C9=CF=CA=F6=C7=E9=BF=F6=A3=AC=D2=F2=CE=
=AA=B3=A4=CA=C2=CE=F1=A3=A8=BC=B4=B1=E3=CA=C7=D6=BB=D6=B4=D0=D0=B6=C1=C8=A1=
=B2=D9=D7=F7=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=A3=A9=BB=E1=BA=CD=B6=CC=D0=A1=B5=C4=D0=B4=CA=
=C2=CE=F1=CF=E0=BB=A5=D7=E8=C8=FB=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">101</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Application=20
      developers should take into account the cost of rolling back and =
retrying=20
      transactions when using serializable mode. As with read-locking =
systems,=20
      where deadlocks occur frequently, use of serializable mode =
requires=20
      rolling back the work done by terminated transactions and retrying =
them.=20
      In a high contention environment, this activity can use =
significant=20
      resources.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=D3=A6=D3=C3=BF=AA=B7=A2=D5=DF=D4=DA=B2=C9=D3=C3=B4=AE=D0=D0=
=BB=AF=B8=F4=C0=EB=CA=B1=D3=A6=BF=BC=C2=C7=BB=D8=B9=F6=BC=B0=D6=D8=D7=F6=CA=
=C2=CE=F1=CB=F9=B4=F8=C0=B4=B5=C4=BF=AA=CF=FA=A1=A3=B6=F8=D4=DA=B2=C9=D3=C3=
=B6=C1=C8=A1=CB=F8=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B9=DC=C0=ED=CF=B5=CD=B3=D6=D0=A3=
=AC=CB=C0=CB=F8=BB=E1=C6=B5=B7=B1=B3=F6=CF=D6=A3=AC=D4=DA=D5=E2=D1=F9=B5=C4=
=CF=B5=CD=B3=D6=D0=B2=C9=D3=C3=B4=AE=D0=D0=BB=AF=B8=F4=C0=EB=A3=AC=B1=D8=D0=
=EB=20
      =
=C1=EE=D2=F2=CB=C0=CB=F8=B6=F8=D6=D5=D6=B9=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=BB=D8=B9=F6=B2=
=A2=D6=D8=D7=F6=A1=A3=C8=E7=B9=FB=D2=BB=B8=F6=CF=B5=CD=B3=B6=D4=CA=FD=BE=DD=
=B7=C3=CE=CA=B5=C4=BE=BA=D5=F9=BD=CF=BC=A4=C1=D2=A3=AC=C4=C7=C3=B4=B4=A6=C0=
=ED=B4=AE=D0=D0=BB=AF=B4=ED=CE=F3=BD=AB=CF=FB=BA=C4=B4=F3=C1=BF=D7=CA=D4=B4=
=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">102</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">In =
most=20
      environments, a transaction that restarts after receiving the =
<FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>Cannot serialize access</FONT> error is unlikely =
to=20
      encounter a second conflict with another transaction. For this =
reason, it=20
      can help to run those statements most likely to contend with other =

      transactions as early as possible in a serializable transaction. =
However,=20
      there is no guarantee that the transaction will complete =
successfully, so=20
      the application should be coded to limit the number of =
retries.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D4=DA=B4=F3=B6=E0=CA=FD=CF=B5=CD=B3=D6=D0=A3=AC=D2=BB=B8=F6=
=CA=C2=CE=F1=B7=A2=C9=FA<FONT=20
      =
color=3D#0000ff>=CE=DE=B7=A8=BD=F8=D0=D0=B4=AE=D0=D0=BB=AF=B7=C3=CE=CA</F=
ONT>=A3=A8Cannot serialize=20
      =
access=A3=A9=B4=ED=CE=F3=BA=F3=D6=D8=D7=F6=CA=B1=D4=D9=B4=CE=D3=EB=C6=E4=CB=
=FB=CA=C2=CE=F1=B3=E5=CD=BB=B5=C4=BC=B8=C2=CA=BD=CF=D0=A1=A1=A3=BB=F9=D3=DA=
=C9=CF=CA=F6=D4=AD=D2=F2=A3=AC=B2=C9=D3=C3=B4=AE=D0=D0=BB=AF=B8=F4=C0=EB=CA=
=B1=A3=AC=C8=DD=D2=D7=D3=EB=C6=E4=CB=FB=CA=C2=CE=F1=B2=FA=C9=FA=BE=BA=D5=F9=
=B5=C4=D3=EF=BE=E4=D3=A6=B8=C3=D4=DA=CA=C2=CE=F1=BF=AA=CA=BC=BA=F3=BE=A1=D4=
=E7=D6=B4=D0=D0=A1=A3=B5=AB=CA=C7=CE=D2=C3=C7=CA=BC=D6=D5=CE=DE=B7=A8=B1=A3=
=D6=A4=CA=C2=CE=F1=C4=DC=B9=BB=B3=C9=B9=A6=D6=B4=D0=D0=A3=AC=D2=F2=B4=CB=D4=
=DA=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=D6=D0=D3=A6=B8=C3=CF=DE=D6=C6=D6=D8=D7=F6=B5=C4=
=B4=CE=CA=FD=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">103</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Although Oracle=20
      serializable mode is compatible with SQL92 and offers many =
benefits=20
      compared with read-locking implementations, it does not provide =
semantics=20
      identical to such systems. Application designers must take into =
account=20
      the fact that reads in Oracle do not block writes as they do in =
other=20
      systems. Transactions that check for database consistency at the=20
      application level can require coding techniques such as the use of =
<FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>SELECT FOR UPDATE</FONT>. This issue should be =
considered=20
      when applications using serializable mode are ported to Oracle =
from other=20
      environments.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">=BE=A1=B9=DC Oracle =
=B5=C4=B4=AE=D0=D0=BB=AF=B8=F4=C0=EB=C4=A3=CA=BD=D3=EB SQL92=20
      =
=BC=E6=C8=DD=A3=AC=B6=F8=C7=D2=D3=EB=B2=C9=D3=C3=B6=C1=C8=A1=CB=F8=B5=C4=CA=
=B5=CF=D6=B7=BD=CA=BD=CF=E0=B1=C8=BE=DF=B1=B8=BA=DC=B6=E0=D3=C5=B5=E3=A3=AC=
=B5=AB=CA=C7 Oracle=20
      =
=B4=AE=D0=D0=BB=AF=B8=F4=C0=EB=CB=F9=B0=FC=BA=AC=B5=C4=D3=EF=D2=E5=D3=EB=C6=
=E4=CB=FB=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B9=DC=C0=ED=CF=B5=CD=B3=B2=BB=CD=EA=C8=AB=CF=E0=
=CD=AC=A1=A3=D3=A6=D3=C3=BF=AA=B7=A2=D5=DF=B1=D8=D0=EB=D7=A2=D2=E2=A3=AC=D3=
=EB=C6=E4=CB=FB=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B9=DC=C0=ED=CF=B5=CD=B3=B2=BB=CD=AC=A3=AC=
=D4=DA Oracle=20
      =
=D6=D0=B6=C1=B2=D9=D7=F7=B2=BB=BB=E1=D7=E8=C8=FB=D0=B4=B2=D9=D7=F7=A1=A3=D4=
=DA=D3=A6=D3=C3=BC=B6=A3=A8application =
level=A3=A9=B6=D4=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=D2=BB=D6=C2=D0=D4=BD=F8=CF=EE=BC=EC=B2=
=E9=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=D0=E8=D2=AA=CA=B9=D3=C3 <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>SELECT FOR UPDATE =
</FONT>=D6=AE=C0=E0=B5=C4=BC=BC=C7=C9=B2=C5=C4=DC=B1=DC=C3=E2=B4=ED=CE=F3=
=A1=A3=B5=B1=B4=D3=C6=E4=CB=FB=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B9=DC=C0=ED=CF=B5=CD=B3=CF=
=F2 Oracle=20
      =
=C7=A8=D2=C6=D3=A6=D3=C3=CA=B1=A3=AC=D3=C8=C6=E4=D2=AA=D7=A2=D2=E2=C9=CF=CA=
=F6=CE=CA=CC=E2=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">104</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3De.13.2.7.3></A>Quiesce Database</H3></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3Dc.13.2.7.3></A>13.2.7.3 =
=BE=B2=C4=AC=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2</H3></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">105</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">You =
can put the=20
      system into <B>quiesced state</B>. The system is in quiesced state =
if=20
      there are no active sessions, other than <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>SYS</FONT>=20
      and <FONT color=3D#0000ff>SYSTEM</FONT>. An active session is =
defined as a=20
      session that is currently inside a transaction, a query, a fetch =
or a=20
      PL/SQL procedure, or a session that is currently holding any =
shared=20
      resources (for example, enqueues--enqueues are shared memory =
structures=20
      that serialize access to database resources and are associated =
with a=20
      session or transaction). Database administrators are the only =
users who=20
      can proceed when the system is in quiesced state.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=B9=DC=C0=ED=D4=B1=BF=C9=D2=D4=BD=AB=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=D6=C3=
=D3=DA<B>=BE=B2=C4=AC=D7=B4=CC=AC</B>=A3=A8quiesced=20
      =
state=A3=A9=A1=A3=BE=B2=C4=AC=D7=B4=CC=AC=CA=C7=D6=B8=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=D6=
=D0=D6=BB=B4=E6=D4=DA <FONT color=3D#0000ff>SYS</FONT> =BA=CD <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>SYSTEM</FONT> =
=D3=C3=BB=A7=BD=A8=C1=A2=B5=C4=BB=EE=B6=AF=BB=E1=BB=B0=A3=A8active=20
      =
session=A3=A9=A1=A3=BB=EE=B6=AF=BB=E1=BB=B0=B5=C4=B6=A8=D2=E5=CA=C7=A3=AC=
=C6=E4=D6=D0=D5=FD=D4=DA=D6=B4=D0=D0=CA=C2=CE=F1=A3=A8transaction=A3=A9=A3=
=AC=B2=E9=D1=AF=A3=A8query=A3=A9=A3=AC=CA=FD=BE=DD=CC=E1=C8=A1=A3=A8fetch=
=A3=A9=A3=AC=BB=F2 PL/SQL=20
      =
=B9=FD=B3=CC=B5=C4=BB=E1=BB=B0=A3=AC=BB=F2=D5=DF=CA=C7=B5=B1=C7=B0=D3=B5=D3=
=D0=C4=B3=D6=D6=B9=B2=CF=ED=D7=CA=D4=B4=A3=A8=C0=FD=C8=E7=A3=AC=B6=D3=C1=D0=
=A3=A8enqueue=A3=A9--=B6=D3=C1=D0=CA=C7=D2=BB=B8=F6=B9=B2=CF=ED=B5=C4=C4=DA=
=B4=E6=BD=E1=B9=B9=A3=AC=CB=FD=D7=DC=CA=C7=BA=CD=CA=C2=CE=F1=BB=F2=BB=E1=BB=
=B0=CF=E0=B9=D8=A3=AC=D3=C3=D3=DA=B4=AE=D0=D0=BB=AF=B5=D8=B7=C3=CE=CA=CA=FD=
=BE=DD=BF=E2=D7=CA=D4=B4=A3=A9=B5=C4=BB=E1=BB=B0=A1=A3=B5=B1=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=
=E2=B4=A6=D3=DA=BE=B2=C4=AC=D7=B4=CC=AC=BA=F3=A3=AC=D6=BB=D3=D0=CA=FD=BE=DD=
=BF=E2=B9=DC=C0=ED=D4=B1=B2=C5=C4=DC=BC=CC=D0=F8=B2=D9=D7=F7=20
      =CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">106</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Database=20
      administrators can perform certain actions in the quiesced state =
that=20
      cannot be safely done when the system is not quiesced. These =
actions=20
      include:
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Actions that might fail if =
there are=20
        concurrent user transactions or queries. For example, changing =
the=20
        schema of a database table will fail if a concurrent transaction =
is=20
        accessing the same table.=20
        <LI>Actions whose intermediate effect could be detrimental to =
concurrent=20
        user transactions or queries. For example, suppose there is a =
big table=20
        <FONT color=3D#0000ff>T</FONT> and a PL/SQL package that =
operates on it.=20
        You can split table <FONT color=3D#0000ff>T</FONT> into two =
tables <FONT=20
        color=3D#0000ff>T1</FONT> and <FONT color=3D#0000ff>T2</FONT>, =
and change=20
        the PL/SQL package to make it refer to the new tables <FONT=20
        color=3D#0000ff>T1</FONT> and <FONT color=3D#0000ff>T2</FONT>, =
instead of=20
        the old table <FONT color=3D#0000ff>T</FONT>.<BR><BR>When the =
database is=20
        in quiesced state, you can do the following:<BR>
        <BLOCKQUOTE>CREATE TABLE T1 AS SELECT ... FROM T; <BR>CREATE =
TABLE T2=20
          AS SELECT ... FROM T; <BR>DROP TABLE T; <BR></BLOCKQUOTE>
        <P>You can then drop the old PL/SQL package and re-create it.=20
      </P></LI></UL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B9=DC=C0=ED=D4=B1=D4=DA=BE=B2=C4=AC=D7=B4=
=CC=AC=CF=C2=BF=C9=D2=D4=D6=B4=D0=D0=C4=B3=D0=A9=CC=D8=CA=E2=B5=C4=B2=D9=D7=
=F7=A3=AC=B6=F8=D5=E2=C0=E0=B2=D9=D7=F7=C8=E7=B9=FB=D4=DA=B7=C7=BE=B2=C4=AC=
=D7=B4=CC=AC=CF=C2=D6=B4=D0=D0=BF=C9=C4=DC=B4=E6=D4=DA=B2=BB=B0=B2=C8=AB=D2=
=F2=CB=D8=A1=A3=D5=E2=D1=F9=B5=C4=CC=D8=CA=E2=B2=D9=D7=F7=B0=FC=C0=A8=A3=BA=

      <UL>
        <LI=20
        style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=C8=E7=B4=E6=D4=DA=B2=A2=B7=A2=B5=C4=D3=C3=BB=A7=CA=C2=CE=F1=BB=F2=B2=
=E9=D1=AF=BF=C9=C4=DC=BB=E1=B3=F6=B4=ED=B5=C4=B2=D9=D7=F7=A1=A3=C0=FD=C8=E7=
=A3=AC=B8=C4=B1=E4=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B1=ED=B5=C4=CB=F9=CA=F4=B7=BD=B0=B8=CA=
=B1=A3=AC=C8=E7=B9=FB=D3=D0=B2=A2=B7=A2=CA=C2=CE=F1=D5=FD=D4=DA=B7=C3=CE=CA=
=B4=CB=B1=ED=BD=AB=BB=E1=B3=F6=B4=ED=A1=A3=20

        =
<LI>=B2=D9=D7=F7=BD=E1=B9=FB=B6=D4=B2=A2=B7=A2=B5=C4=D3=C3=BB=A7=CA=C2=CE=
=F1=BB=F2=B2=E9=D1=AF=D3=D0=CB=F0=BA=A6=B5=C4=B2=D9=D7=F7=A1=A3=C0=FD=C8=E7=
=A3=AC=BC=D9=C9=E8=CF=D6=D3=D0=D2=BB=B8=F6=B4=F3=B1=ED <FONT=20
        =
color=3D#0000ff>T</FONT>=A3=AC=D2=D4=BC=B0=D2=BB=B8=F6=B6=D4=B4=CB=B4=F3=B1=
=ED=BD=F8=D0=D0=B2=D9=D7=F7=B5=C4 PL/SQL =
=B0=FC=A1=A3=D4=DA=BE=B2=C4=AC=D7=B4=CC=AC=CF=C2=A3=AC=B9=DC=C0=ED=D4=B1=BF=
=C9=D2=D4=BD=AB <FONT=20
        color=3D#0000ff>T</FONT> =B7=D6=B8=EE=CE=AA <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>T1</FONT> =BA=CD <FONT=20
        color=3D#0000ff>T2</FONT>=A3=AC=B2=A2=B8=C4=D0=B4 PL/SQL =
=B0=FC=A3=AC=CA=B9=C6=E4=D2=FD=D3=C3=D0=C2=B1=ED <FONT=20
        color=3D#0000ff>T1</FONT> =BA=CD <FONT color=3D#0000ff>T2</FONT> =
=C0=B4=B4=FA=CC=E6 =D4=AD=D3=D0=B5=C4 T=20
        =
=B1=ED=A1=A3<BR><BR>=B5=B1=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B4=A6=D3=DA=BE=B2=C4=AC=D7=B4=
=CC=AC=CA=B1=A3=AC=B9=DC=C0=ED=D4=B1=BF=C9=D2=D4=D6=B4=D0=D0=D2=D4=CF=C2=B2=
=D9=D7=F7=A3=BA<BR>
        <BLOCKQUOTE>CREATE TABLE T1 AS SELECT ... FROM T; <BR>CREATE =
TABLE T2=20
          AS SELECT ... FROM T; <BR>DROP TABLE T; <BR></BLOCKQUOTE>
        <P>=D6=AE=BA=F3=D4=D9=D2=C6=B3=FD=BE=C9 PL/SQL =
=B0=FC=B2=A2=D6=D8=BD=A8=A1=A3 </P></LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">107</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">For =
systems that=20
      must operate continuously, the ability to perform such actions =
without=20
      shutting down the database is critical.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=B6=D4=D3=DA=B1=D8=D0=EB=B3=D6=D0=F8=D4=CB=D0=D0=B5=C4=CF=B5=
=CD=B3=A3=AC=CE=DE=D0=E8=B9=D8=B1=D5=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=BE=CD=C4=DC=D6=B4=D0=
=D0=C4=B3=D0=A9=CC=D8=CA=E2=B2=D9=D7=F7=B5=C4=B9=A6=C4=DC=CA=AE=B7=D6=B1=D8=
=D2=AA=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">108</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">The =
Database=20
      Resource Manager blocks all actions that were initiated by a user =
other=20
      than <FONT color=3D#0000ff>SYS</FONT> or <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>SYSTEM</FONT>=20
      while the system is quiesced. Such actions are allowed to proceed =
when the=20
      system goes back to normal (unquiesced) state. Users do not get =
any=20
      additional error messages from the quiesced state.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=B5=B1=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=BE=B2=C4=AC=BA=F3=A3=AC=CA=FD=BE=DD=
=BF=E2=D7=CA=D4=B4=B9=DC=C0=ED=C6=F7=A3=A8Database Resource=20
      Manager=A3=A9=BD=AB=D7=E8=D6=B9 <FONT color=3D#0000ff>SYS</FONT> =
=BC=B0 <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>SYSTEM</FONT>=20
      =
=D6=AE=CD=E2=B5=C4=D3=C3=BB=A7=CB=F9=CC=E1=BD=BB=B5=C4=B2=D9=D7=F7=A1=A3=B5=
=B1=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=BB=D6=B8=B4=D5=FD=B3=A3=A3=A8=B7=C7=BE=B2=C4=AC=A3=A9=
=D7=B4=CC=AC=BA=F3=A3=AC=D3=C3=BB=A7=B2=D9=D7=F7=BF=C9=D2=D4=BC=CC=D0=F8=BD=
=F8=D0=D0=A1=A3=D3=C3=BB=A7=B2=BB=BB=E1=D2=F2=CE=AA=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=BD=F8=
=C8=EB=C1=CB=BE=B2=C4=AC=D7=B4=CC=AC=B6=F8=B5=C3=B5=BD=B6=EE=CD=E2=B5=C4=B4=
=ED=CE=F3=D0=C5=CF=A2=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">109</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3De.13.2.7.3.1></A>How a Database Is =
Quiesced</H4></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3Dc.13.2.7.3.1></A>13.2.7.3.1 =
=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=C8=E7=BA=CE=BD=F8=C8=EB=BE=B2=C4=AC=C4=A3=CA=BD</H4></=
TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">110</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">The =
database=20
      administrator uses the <FONT color=3D#0000ff>ALTER SYSTEM QUIESCE=20
      RESTRICTED</FONT> statement to quiesce the database. Only users =
<FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>SYS</FONT> and <FONT color=3D#0000ff>SYSTEM</FONT> =
can issue=20
      the <FONT color=3D#0000ff>ALTER SYSTEM QUIESCE RESTRICTED</FONT> =
statement.=20
      For all instances with the database open, issuing this statement =
has the=20
      following effect:
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Oracle instructs the Database =
Resource=20
        Manager in all instances to prevent all inactive sessions (other =
than=20
        <FONT color=3D#0000ff>SYS</FONT> and <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>SYSTEM</FONT>)=20
        from becoming active. No user other than <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>SYS</FONT>=20
        and <FONT color=3D#0000ff>SYSTEM</FONT> can start a new =
transaction, a new=20
        query, a new fetch, or a new PL/SQL operation.=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Oracle waits for all existing=20
        transactions in all instances that were initiated by a user =
other than=20
        <FONT color=3D#0000ff>SYS</FONT> or <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>SYSTEM</FONT> to=20
        finish (either commit or terminate). Oracle also waits for all =
running=20
        queries, fetches, and PL/SQL procedures in all instances that =
were=20
        initiated by users other than <FONT color=3D#0000ff>SYS</FONT> =
or <FONT=20
        color=3D#0000ff>SYSTEM</FONT> and that are not inside =
transactions to=20
        finish. If a query is carried out by multiple successive OCI =
fetches,=20
        Oracle does not wait for all fetches to finish. It waits for the =
current=20
        fetch to finish and then blocks the next fetch. Oracle also =
waits for=20
        all sessions (other than those of <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>SYS</FONT> or=20
        <FONT color=3D#0000ff>SYSTEM</FONT>) that hold any shared =
resources (such=20
        as enqueues) to release those resources. After all these =
operations=20
        finish, Oracle places the database into quiesced state and =
finishes=20
        executing the <FONT color=3D#0000ff>QUIESCE RESTRICTED</FONT> =
statement.=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">If an instance is running in =
shared=20
        server mode, Oracle instructs the Database Resource Manager to =
block=20
        logins (other than <FONT color=3D#0000ff>SYS</FONT> or <FONT=20
        color=3D#0000ff>SYSTEM</FONT>) on that instance. If an instance =
is running=20
        in non-shared-server mode, Oracle does not impose any =
restrictions on=20
        user logins in that instance. </LI></UL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B9=DC=C0=ED=D4=B1=CA=B9=D3=C3 <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>ALTER=20
      SYSTEM QUIESCE RESTRICTED</FONT> =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=BD=AB=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=D6=C3=CE=AA=BE=B2=C4=AC=D7=B4=CC=AC=A1=
=A3=D6=BB=D3=D0 <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>SYS</FONT> =BA=CD <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>SYSTEM</FONT> =C4=DC=B9=BB=CC=E1=BD=BB <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>ALTER SYSTEM QUIESCE RESTRICTED</FONT>=20
      =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=A1=A3=B5=B1=CC=E1=BD=BB=C1=CB=C9=CF=CA=F6=D3=EF=BE=E4=BA=F3=A3=
=AC=BD=AB=B6=D4=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B5=C4=CB=F9=D3=D0=CA=B5=C0=FD=B2=FA=C9=FA=
=D2=D4=CF=C2=D3=B0=CF=EC=A3=BA
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Oracle =
=CD=A8=B9=FD=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=D7=CA=D4=B4=B9=DC=C0=ED=C6=F7=A3=A8Databas=
e Resource=20
        =
Manager=A3=A9=BF=D8=D6=C6=CB=F9=D3=D0=CA=B5=C0=FD=A3=AC=D7=E8=D6=B9=CB=F9=
=D3=D0=B7=C7=BB=EE=B6=AF=A3=A8inactive=A3=A9=B5=C4=BB=E1=BB=B0=A3=A8<FONT=
 color=3D#0000ff>SYS</FONT> =BA=CD=20
        <FONT color=3D#0000ff>SYSTEM</FONT> =
=B5=C4=BB=E1=BB=B0=B3=FD=CD=E2=A3=A9=BB=D6=B8=B4=CE=AA=BB=EE=B6=AF=A3=A8a=
ctive=A3=A9=D7=B4=CC=AC=A1=A3<FONT=20
        color=3D#0000ff>SYS</FONT> =BC=B0 <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>SYSTEM</FONT>=20
        =
=D6=AE=CD=E2=B5=C4=D3=C3=BB=A7=B2=BB=C4=DC=D6=B4=D0=D0=D0=C2=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=
=F1=A3=A8transaction=A3=A9=A3=AC=B2=E9=D1=AF=A3=A8query=A3=A9=A3=AC=CA=FD=
=BE=DD=CC=E1=C8=A1=B2=D9=D7=F7=A3=A8fetch=A3=A9=BC=B0 PL/SQL =
=B9=FD=B3=CC=A1=A3=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Oracle =
=BD=AB=B5=C8=B4=FD=CB=F9=D3=D0=CA=B5=C0=FD=D6=D0=D3=C9 <FONT=20
        color=3D#0000ff>SYS</FONT> =BC=B0 <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>SYSTEM</FONT>=20
        =
=D6=AE=CD=E2=B5=C4=D3=C3=BB=A7=CB=F9=CC=E1=BD=BB=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=BD=E1=CA=
=F8=A3=A8=CC=E1=BD=BB=BB=F2=D6=D5=D6=B9=A3=A9=A1=A3Oracle =
=BB=B9=BB=E1=B5=C8=B4=FD=CB=F9=D3=D0=CA=B5=C0=FD=D6=D0=D3=C9 <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>SYS</FONT> =BC=B0=20
        <FONT color=3D#0000ff>SYSTEM</FONT>=20
        =
=D6=AE=CD=E2=B5=C4=D3=C3=BB=A7=D6=B4=D0=D0=C7=D2=B2=BB=D4=DA=CA=C2=CE=F1=C4=
=DA=B5=C4=B2=E9=D1=AF=A3=A8query=A3=A9=A3=AC=CA=FD=BE=DD=CC=E1=C8=A1=A3=A8=
fetch=A3=A9=A3=ACPL/SQL =
=B9=FD=B3=CC=BD=E1=CA=F8=A1=A3=C8=E7=B9=FB=D2=BB=B8=F6=B2=E9=D1=AF=CA=C7=D3=
=C9=B6=E0=B8=F6=C1=AC=D0=F8=B5=C4 OCI=20
        =
=CA=FD=BE=DD=CC=E1=C8=A1=B2=D9=D7=F7=D6=B4=D0=D0=B5=C4=A3=ACOracle =
=B2=BB=BB=E1=B5=C8=B4=FD=CB=F9=D3=D0=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=CC=E1=C8=A1=C8=AB=B2=
=BF=BD=E1=CA=F8=A1=A3Oracle =
=D6=BB=BB=E1=B5=C8=B4=FD=B5=B1=C7=B0=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=CC=E1=C8=A1=BD=E1=CA=
=F8=B2=A2=D7=E8=C8=FB=D6=AE=BA=F3=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=CC=E1=C8=A1=A1=A3Orac=
le=20
        =
=BB=B9=BB=E1=B5=C8=B4=FD=CB=F9=D3=D0=D3=B5=D3=D0=B9=B2=CF=ED=D7=CA=D4=B4=B5=
=C4=BB=E1=BB=B0=A3=A8<FONT color=3D#0000ff>SYS</FONT> =BC=B0 <FONT=20
        color=3D#0000ff>SYSTEM</FONT> =
=D3=C3=BB=A7=B5=C4=D7=CA=D4=B4=B3=FD=CD=E2=A3=A9=CA=CD=B7=C5=D7=CA=D4=B4=A1=
=A3=C9=CF=C3=E6=CC=E1=B5=BD=B5=C4=CB=F9=D3=D0=B5=C8=B4=FD=B6=BC=BD=E1=CA=F8=
=D6=AE=BA=F3=A3=ACOracle=20
        =
=BF=C9=D2=D4=BD=AB=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=D6=C3=CE=AA=BE=B2=C4=AC=D7=B4=CC=AC=A3=
=AC=B2=A2=BD=E1=CA=F8<FONT color=3D#0000ff> QUIESCE RESTRICTED</FONT> =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=A1=A3=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=C8=E7=B9=FB=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B5=C4=C4=B3=B8=F6=CA=B5=C0=FD=CA=C7=D4=
=DA=B9=B2=CF=ED=B7=FE=CE=F1=C4=A3=CA=BD=A3=A8shared server=20
        mode=A3=A9=CF=C2=D4=CB=D0=D0=B5=C4=A3=ACOracle =
=CD=A8=B9=FD=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=D7=CA=D4=B4=B9=DC=C0=ED=C6=F7=A3=A8Databas=
e Resource Manager=A3=A9=D7=E8=D6=B9=D3=C3=BB=A7=A3=A8<FONT=20
        color=3D#0000ff>SYS</FONT> =BC=B0 <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>SYSTEM</FONT>=20
        =
=D3=C3=BB=A7=B3=FD=CD=E2=A3=A9=B5=C7=C2=BC=B5=BD=B4=CB=CA=B5=C0=FD=A1=A3=C8=
=E7=B9=FB=CA=B5=C0=FD=D4=CB=D0=D0=D4=DA=D7=A8=D3=C3=B7=FE=CE=F1=C4=A3=CA=BD=
=A3=A8dedicated server mode=A3=A9=CF=C2=A3=ACOracle=20
        =
=B2=BB=BB=E1=B6=D4=B4=CB=CA=B5=C0=FD=B5=C4=D3=C3=BB=A7=B5=C7=C2=BC=BD=F8=D0=
=D0=CF=DE=D6=C6=A1=A3 </LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">111</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">During =
the quiesced=20
      state, you cannot change the Resource Manager plan in any=20
instance.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=D4=DA=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B4=A6=D3=DA=BE=B2=C4=AC=D7=B4=CC=AC=
=C6=DA=BC=E4=A3=AC=B9=DC=C0=ED=D4=B1=B2=BB=C4=DC=D0=DE=B8=C4=C8=CE=BA=CE=CA=
=B5=C0=FD=B5=C4=D7=CA=D4=B4=B9=DC=C0=ED=C6=F7=BC=C6=BB=AE=A3=A8Resource =
Manager=20
    plan=A3=A9=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">112</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">The =
<FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>ALTER SYSTEM UNQUIESCE</FONT> statement puts all =
running=20
      instances back into normal mode, so that all blocked actions can =
proceed.=20
      An administrator can determine which sessions are blocking a =
quiesce from=20
      completing by querying the <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>v$blocking_quiesce</FONT>=20
      view.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=B9=DC=C0=ED=D4=B1=BF=C9=D2=D4=CA=B9=D3=C3 <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>ALTER=20
      SYSTEM UNQUIESCE</FONT>=20
      =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=BD=AB=CB=F9=D3=D0=CA=B5=C0=FD=BB=D6=B8=B4=CE=AA=D5=FD=B3=A3=D7=
=B4=CC=AC=A3=AC=B8=F7=CA=B5=C0=FD=D6=D0=CB=F9=D3=D0=B1=BB=D7=E8=C8=FB=B5=C4=
=B2=D9=D7=F7=B6=BC=B5=C3=D2=D4=BC=CC=D0=F8=D6=B4=D0=D0=A1=A3=D4=DA=BD=AB=CA=
=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=D6=C3=CE=AA=BE=B2=C4=AC=D7=B4=CC=AC=B5=C4=B9=FD=B3=CC=D6=D0=
=A3=AC=B9=DC=C0=ED=D4=B1=BF=C9=D2=D4=CD=A8=B9=FD <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>V$BLOCKING_QUIESCE</FONT>=20
  =
=CA=D3=CD=BC=C0=B4=B2=E9=D1=AF=CF=B5=CD=B3=D6=D0=C4=C4=D0=A9=BB=E1=BB=B0=D5=
=FD=D4=DA=D7=E8=B0=AD=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=BD=F8=C8=EB=BE=B2=C4=AC=D7=B4=CC=AC=
=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">113</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>
        <P><B>See Also:</B></P>
        <UL>
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b142=
00/toc.htm">Oracle=20
          Database SQL Reference</A>=20
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b142=
31/toc.htm">Oracle=20
          Database Administrator's Guide</A> =
</LI></UL></BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>
        <P><B>=C1=ED=BC=FB=A3=BA</B></P>
        <UL>
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b142=
00/toc.htm">Oracle=20
          Database SQL Reference</A>=20
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b142=
31/toc.htm">Oracle=20
          Database Administrator's Guide</A> =
</LI></UL></BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">114</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H1><A name=3De.13.3></A><SPAN style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 20pt">How =
Oracle Locks=20
      Data</SPAN></H1></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H1><A name=3Dc.13.3></A><SPAN style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 20pt">13.3 =
Oracle=20
      =C8=E7=BA=CE=CB=F8=CA=FD=BE=DD</SPAN></H1></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">115</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Locks =
are mechanisms=20
      that prevent destructive interaction between transactions =
accessing the=20
      same resource=A1=AAeither user objects such as tables and rows or =
system=20
      objects not visible to users, such as shared data structures in =
memory and=20
      data dictionary rows.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=CB=F8=A3=A8lock=A3=A9=CA=C7=B7=C0=D6=B9=B7=C3=CE=CA=CF=E0=CD=
=AC=D7=CA=D4=B4=A3=A8=C0=FD=C8=E7=B1=ED=BB=F2=CA=FD=BE=DD=D0=D0=B5=C8=D3=C3=
=BB=A7=B6=D4=CF=F3=A3=AC=BB=F2=C4=DA=B4=E6=D6=D0=B5=C4=B9=B2=CF=ED=CA=FD=BE=
=DD=BD=E1=B9=B9=BC=B0=CA=FD=BE=DD=D7=D6=B5=E4=B5=C8=B6=D4=D3=C3=BB=A7=B2=BB=
=BF=C9=BC=FB=B5=C4=CF=B5=CD=B3=B6=D4=CF=F3=A3=A9=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=B2=FA=C9=
=FA=C6=C6=BB=B5=D0=D4=BD=BB=BB=A5=B5=C4=BB=FA=D6=C6=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD><=
/TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">116</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">In all =
cases, Oracle=20
      automatically obtains necessary locks when executing SQL =
statements, so=20
      users need not be concerned with such details. Oracle =
automatically uses=20
      the lowest applicable level of restrictiveness to provide the =
highest=20
      degree of data concurrency yet also provide fail-safe data =
integrity.=20
      Oracle also allows the user to lock data manually.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D4=DA=C8=CE=BA=CE=C7=E9=BF=F6=CF=C2=A3=ACOracle =
=B6=BC=C4=DC=B9=BB=D7=D4=B6=AF=B5=D8=BB=F1=B5=C3=D6=B4=D0=D0 SQL=20
      =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=CB=F9=B1=D8=D0=EB=B5=C4=CB=F9=D3=D0=CB=F8=A3=AC=CE=DE=D0=E8=D3=
=C3=BB=A7=B8=C9=D4=A4=A1=A3Oracle=20
      =
=BB=E1=BE=A1=BF=C9=C4=DC=B5=D8=BC=F5=C9=D9=CB=F8=B2=FA=C9=FA=B5=C4=D3=B0=CF=
=EC=A3=AC=B4=D3=B6=F8=D7=EE=B4=F3=B3=CC=B6=C8=B5=D8=B1=A3=D6=A4=CA=FD=BE=DD=
=B5=C4=B2=A2=B7=A2=B7=C3=CE=CA=C4=DC=C1=A6=A3=AC=B2=A2=C8=B7=B1=A3=CA=FD=BE=
=DD=D2=BB=D6=C2=D0=D4=BC=B0=B4=ED=CE=F3=BB=D6=B8=B4=A1=A3=CD=AC=CA=B1=A3=AC=
Oracle=20
    =
=D2=B2=D6=A7=B3=D6=D3=C3=BB=A7=CA=D6=B9=A4=BC=D3=CB=F8=B5=C4=B2=D9=D7=F7=A1=
=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">117</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>See Also:</B><BR><BR>"<A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/13.Data%20Concurrency=
%20and%20Consistency.htm#e.13.3.3"=20
        target=3D_self>Types of Locks</A>"</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>=C1=ED=BC=FB=A3=BA</B><BR><BR>=A1=B0<A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/13.Data%20Concurrency=
%20and%20Consistency.htm#c.13.3.3"=20
        =
target=3D_self>=CB=F8=B5=C4=C0=E0=D0=CD</A>=A1=B1</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">118</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H2><A name=3De.13.3.1></A>Transactions and Data =
Concurrency</H2></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H2><A name=3Dc.13.3.1></A>13.3.1 =
=CA=C2=CE=F1=BC=B0=CA=FD=BE=DD=B2=A2=B7=A2=B7=C3=CE=CA</H2></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">119</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle =
provides data=20
      concurrency and integrity between transactions using its locking=20
      mechanisms. Because the locking mechanisms of Oracle are tied =
closely to=20
      transaction control, application designers need only define =
transactions=20
      properly, and Oracle automatically manages locking.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle =
=C0=FB=D3=C3=C6=E4=CB=F8=BB=FA=D6=C6=A3=A8locking=20
      =
mechanism=A3=A9=C0=B4=CA=B5=CF=D6=CA=C2=CE=F1=BC=E4=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=B2=A2=
=B7=A2=B7=C3=CE=CA=BC=B0=CA=FD=BE=DD=D2=BB=D6=C2=D0=D4=A1=A3=D3=C9=D3=DA =
Oracle=20
      =
=B5=C4=CB=F8=BB=FA=D6=C6=CA=C7=D3=EB=CA=C2=CE=F1=BF=D8=D6=C6=BD=F4=C3=DC=CF=
=E0=B9=D8=B5=C4=A3=AC=D2=F2=B4=CB=D3=A6=D3=C3=BF=AA=B7=A2=D5=DF=D6=BB=D0=E8=
=D5=FD=C8=B7=B5=D8=B6=A8=D2=E5=CA=C2=CE=F1=A3=ACOracle =
=BE=CD=C4=DC=D7=D4=B6=AF=B5=D8=B6=D4=CB=F9=D0=E8=B5=C4=CB=F8=BD=F8=D0=D0=B9=
=DC=C0=ED=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">120</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Keep =
in mind that=20
      Oracle locking is fully automatic and requires no user action. =
Implicit=20
      locking occurs for all SQL statements so that database users never =
need to=20
      lock any resource explicitly. Oracle's default locking mechanisms =
lock=20
      data at the lowest level of restrictiveness to guarantee data =
integrity=20
      while allowing the highest degree of data =
concurrency.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle =
=B5=C4=CB=F8=BB=FA=D6=C6=CA=C7=D3=C9 Oracle=20
      =
=D7=D4=B6=AF=CA=B5=CF=D6=B5=C4=A3=AC=CD=EA=C8=AB=CE=DE=D0=E8=D3=C3=BB=A7=B8=
=C9=D4=A4=A1=A3=C8=CE=BA=CE SQL =D3=EF=BE=E4=D6=B4=D0=D0=CA=B1 Oracle =
=B6=BC=D2=FE=CA=BD=B5=D8=B6=D4 SQL=20
      =
=CB=F9=D0=E8=B5=C4=CB=F8=BD=F8=D0=D0=B9=DC=C0=ED=A3=AC=D2=F2=B4=CB=D3=C3=BB=
=A7=CE=DE=D0=E8=CF=D4=CA=BD=B5=D8=B6=D4=D7=CA=D4=B4=BC=D3=CB=F8=A1=A3Orac=
le=20
      =
=C4=AC=C8=CF=B2=C9=D3=C3=B5=C4=CB=F8=BB=FA=D6=C6=C4=DC=BE=A1=BF=C9=C4=DC=B5=
=D8=BC=F5=D0=A1=B6=D4=CA=FD=BE=DD=B7=C3=CE=CA=B5=C4=CF=DE=D6=C6=A3=AC=D4=DA=
=B1=A3=D6=A4=CA=FD=BE=DD=D2=BB=D6=C2=D0=D4=B5=C4=CD=AC=CA=B1=CA=B5=CF=D6=B8=
=DF=B6=C8=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=B2=A2=B7=A2=D0=D4=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">121</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>See Also:</B><BR><BR>"<A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/13.Data%20Concurrency=
%20and%20Consistency.htm#e.13.3.7"=20
        target=3D_self>Explicit (Manual) Data Locking</A>" =
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>=C1=ED=BC=FB=A3=BA</B><BR><BR>=A1=B0<A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/13.Data%20Concurrency=
%20and%20Consistency.htm#c.13.3.7"=20
        =
target=3D_self>=CF=D4=CA=BD=A3=A8=CA=D6=B9=A4=A3=A9=CA=FD=BE=DD=BC=D3=CB=F8=
</A>=A1=B1</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">122</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3De.13.3.1.1></A>Modes of Locking</H3></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3Dc.13.3.1.1></A>13.3.1.1 =
=CB=F8=B5=C4=C4=A3=CA=BD</H3></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">123</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle =
uses two=20
      modes of locking in a multiuser database:
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Exclusive lock mode prevents =
the=20
        associates resource from being shared. This lock mode is =
obtained to=20
        modify data. The first transaction to lock a resource =
exclusively is the=20
        only transaction that can alter the resource until the exclusive =
lock is=20
        released.=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Share lock mode allows the =
associated=20
        resource to be shared, depending on the operations involved. =
Multiple=20
        users reading data can share the data, holding share locks to =
prevent=20
        concurrent access by a writer (who needs an exclusive lock). =
Several=20
        transactions can acquire share locks on the same resource. =
</LI></UL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D4=DA=B6=E0=D3=C3=BB=A7=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=CF=B5=CD=B3=
=D6=D0=A3=ACOracle =
=CA=B9=D3=C3=C1=BD=D6=D6=C4=A3=CA=BD=B5=C4=CB=F8=A3=BA
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=C5=C5=CB=FB=CB=F8=A3=A8exclusive=20
        =
lock=A3=A9=C4=A3=CA=BD=A3=BA=C4=DC=B9=BB=D7=E8=D6=B9=B9=B2=CF=ED=B1=BB=BC=
=D3=CB=F8=B5=C4=D7=CA=D4=B4=A1=A3=B6=D4=CA=FD=BE=DD=BD=F8=D0=D0=D0=DE=B8=C4=
=CA=B1=B1=D8=D0=EB=BB=F1=B5=C3=B4=CB=D6=D6=C4=A3=CA=BD=B5=C4=CB=F8=A1=A3=B5=
=DA=D2=BB=B8=F6=C5=C5=CB=FB=B5=D8=B6=D4=D7=CA=D4=B4=BC=D3=CB=F8=B5=C4=CA=C2=
=CE=EF=CA=C7=CE=A8=D2=BB=BF=C9=D2=D4=B6=D4=B4=CB=D7=CA=D4=B4=BD=F8=D0=D0=D0=
=DE=B8=C4=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=EF=A3=AC=D6=B1=D6=C1=C5=C5=CB=FB=CB=F8=B1=BB=CA=CD=
=B7=C5=A1=A3=20

        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">=B9=B2=CF=ED=CB=F8=A3=A8share=20
        =
lock=A3=A9=C4=A3=CA=BD=A3=BA=D2=C0=BE=DD=B2=D9=D7=F7=C0=E0=D0=CD=D3=D0=CC=
=F5=BC=FE=B5=D8=D4=CA=D0=ED=B9=B2=CF=ED=B1=BB=BC=D3=CB=F8=B5=C4=D7=CA=D4=B4=
=A1=A3=B6=D4=CA=FD=BE=DD=BD=F8=D0=D0=B6=C1=C8=A1=B5=C4=B6=E0=B8=F6=D3=C3=BB=
=A7=BF=C9=B9=B2=CF=ED=B4=CB=CA=FD=BE=DD=A3=AC=D5=E2=D0=A9=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=
=D2=D4=B6=D4=D7=CA=D4=B4=BC=D3=D2=D4=B9=B2=CF=ED=CB=F8=A3=AC=B7=C0=D6=B9=C6=
=E4=CB=FB=D3=C3=BB=A7=20
        =
=B2=A2=B7=A2=B5=D8=D0=DE=B8=C4=B4=CB=D7=CA=D4=B4=A3=A8=B6=D4=CA=FD=BE=DD=BD=
=F8=D0=D0=D0=DE=B8=C4=B5=C4=D3=C3=BB=A7=D0=E8=D2=AA=C5=C5=CB=FB=CB=F8=A3=A9=
=A1=A3=B6=E0=B8=F6=CA=C2=CE=F1=BF=C9=D2=D4=B6=D4=CF=E0=CD=AC=B5=C4=D7=CA=D4=
=B4=BC=D3=B9=B2=CF=ED=CB=F8=A1=A3 </LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">124</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3De.13.3.1.2></A>Lock Duration</H3></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3Dc.13.3.1.2></A>13.3.1.2 =
=CB=F8=B5=C4=B3=D6=D0=F8=CA=B1=BC=E4</H3></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">125</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">All =
locks acquired=20
      by statements within a transaction are held for the duration of =
the=20
      transaction, preventing destructive interference including dirty =
reads,=20
      <SPAN style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">lost updates</SPAN>, and =

      destructive DDL operations from concurrent transactions. The =
changes made=20
      by the SQL statements of one transaction become visible only to =
other=20
      transactions that start after the first transaction is =
committed.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=CA=C2=CE=F1=C4=DA=B8=F7=D3=EF=BE=E4=BB=F1=B5=C3=B5=C4=CB=F8=
=D4=DA=CA=C2=CE=F1=D6=B4=D0=D0=C6=DA=C4=DA=D3=D0=D0=A7=A3=AC=D2=D4=B7=C0=D6=
=B9=CA=C2=CE=F1=BC=E4=C6=C6=BB=B5=D0=D4=B5=C4=CF=E0=BB=A5=B8=C9=C8=C5=A3=AC=
=C0=FD=C8=E7=A3=BA=D4=E0=B6=C1=C8=A1=A3=A8dirty=20
      read=A3=A9=A3=AC=CE=DE=D0=A7=B5=D8=B8=FC=D0=C2=A3=A8lost =
update=A3=A9=A3=AC=D2=D4=BC=B0=C6=E4=CB=FB=B2=A2=B7=A2=CA=C2=CE=F1=D6=D0=BE=
=DF=D3=D0=C6=C6=BB=B5=D0=D4=B5=C4 DDL =
=B2=D9=D7=F7=A1=A3=C8=E7=B9=FB=C4=B3=B8=F6=CA=C2=CE=F1=D6=D0=B5=C4 SQL=20
      =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=B6=D4=CA=FD=BE=DD=BD=F8=D0=D0=C1=CB=D0=DE=B8=C4=A3=AC=D6=BB=D3=
=D0=D4=DA=B4=CB=CA=C2=CE=F1=CC=E1=BD=BB=BA=F3=BF=AA=CA=BC=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=
=B2=C5=C4=DC=BF=B4=B5=BD=C7=B0=D5=DF=D0=DE=B8=C4=B5=C4=BD=E1=B9=FB=A1=A3<=
BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">126</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle =
releases all=20
      locks acquired by the statements within a transaction when you =
either=20
      commit or undo the transaction. Oracle also releases locks =
acquired after=20
      a savepoint when rolling back to the savepoint. However, only =
transactions=20
      not waiting for the previously locked resources can acquire locks =
on the=20
      now available resources. Waiting transactions will continue to =
wait until=20
      after the original transaction commits or rolls back =
completely.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=B5=B1=D3=C3=BB=A7=CC=E1=BD=BB=A3=A8commit=A3=A9=BB=F2=B3=B7=
=CF=FA=A3=A8undo=A3=A9=D2=BB=B8=F6=CA=C2=CE=F1=BA=F3=A3=ACOracle=20
      =BD=AB=CA=CD=B7=C5=B4=CB=CA=C2=CE=F1=C4=DA=B8=F7=B8=F6 SQL =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=BB=F1=B5=C3=B5=C4=CB=F8=A1=A3=B5=B1=D3=C3=BB=A7=D4=DA=CA=C2=CE=
=F1=C4=DA=BB=D8=B9=F6=B5=BD=C4=B3=B8=F6=B1=A3=B4=E6=B5=E3=A3=A8savepoint=A3=
=A9=BA=F3=A3=ACOracle=20
      =
=D2=B2=BB=E1=CA=CD=B7=C5=B4=CB=B1=A3=B4=E6=B5=E3=BA=F3=BB=F1=B5=C3=B5=C4=CB=
=F8=A1=A3=D6=BB=D3=D0=B5=B1=C7=B0=C3=BB=D3=D0=B5=C8=B4=FD=B1=BB=CB=F8=D7=CA=
=D4=B4=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=B2=C5=C4=DC=BB=F1=B5=C3=BF=C9=D3=C3=D7=CA=D4=B4=B5=
=C4=CB=F8=A1=A3=B5=C8=B4=FD=CA=C2=CE=F1=B2=BB=BB=E1=B6=D4=BF=C9=D3=C3=D7=CA=
=D4=B4=BC=D3=CB=F8=B6=F8=CA=C7=BC=CC=D0=F8=B5=C8=B4=FD=A3=AC=D6=B1=D6=C1=D3=
=B5=D3=D0=C6=E4=CB=F9=B5=C8=B4=FD=D7=CA=D4=B4=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=CD=EA=B3=C9=
=CC=E1=BD=BB=BB=F2=BB=D8=B9=F6=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">127</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3De.13.3.1.3></A>Data Lock Conversion Versus Lock=20
    Escalation</H3></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3Dc.13.3.1.3></A>13.3.1.3 =
=CA=FD=BE=DD=CB=F8=D7=AA=BB=BB=BC=B0=CB=F8=C9=FD=BC=B6</H3></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">128</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">A =
transaction holds=20
      exclusive row locks for all rows inserted, updated, or deleted =
within the=20
      transaction. Because row locks are acquired at the highest degree =
of=20
      restrictiveness, no <SPAN style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">lock =

      conversion</SPAN> is required or performed.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=CA=C2=CE=F1=D3=B5=D3=D0=D4=DA=B4=CB=CA=C2=CE=F1=C4=DA=B1=BB=
=B2=E5=C8=EB=A3=A8insert=A3=A9=A3=AC=B8=FC=D0=C2=A3=A8update=A3=A9=A3=AC=C9=
=BE=B3=FD=A3=A8delete=A3=A9=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=D0=D0=B5=C4=C5=C5=CB=FB=D0=D0=
=BC=B6=CB=F8=A3=A8exclusive=20
      row =
lock=A3=A9=A1=A3=B6=D4=D3=DA=CA=FD=BE=DD=D0=D0=C0=B4=CB=B5=A3=AC=C5=C5=CB=
=FB=D0=D0=BC=B6=CB=F8=D2=D1=BE=AD=CA=C7=CF=DE=D6=C6=B3=CC=B6=C8=D7=EE=B8=DF=
=B5=C4=CB=F8=A3=AC=D2=F2=B4=CB=CE=DE=D0=E8=D4=D9=BD=F8=D0=D0=CB=F8=D7=AA=BB=
=BB=A3=A8lock conversion=A3=A9=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">129</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle =
automatically=20
      converts a table lock of lower restrictiveness to one of higher=20
      restrictiveness as appropriate. For example, assume that a =
transaction=20
      uses a <FONT color=3D#0000ff>SELECT</FONT> statement with the =
<FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>FOR UPDATE</FONT> clause to lock rows of a table. =
As a=20
      result, it acquires the exclusive row locks and a <SPAN=20
      style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">row share table lock</SPAN> =
for the=20
      table. If the transaction later updates one or more of the locked =
rows,=20
      the row share table lock is automatically converted to a <SPAN=20
      style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">row exclusive table =
lock</SPAN>.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=B6=D4=D3=DA=CA=FD=BE=DD=B1=ED=A3=ACOracle=20
      =
=C4=DC=B9=BB=D7=D4=B6=AF=B5=D8=BD=AB=CF=DE=D6=C6=B3=CC=B6=C8=BD=CF=B5=CD=B5=
=C4=CB=F8=D7=AA=BB=AF=CE=AA=CF=DE=D6=C6=B3=CC=B6=C8=B8=FC=B8=DF=B5=C4=CB=F8=
=A1=A3=C0=FD=C8=E7=A3=AC=C4=B3=B8=F6=CA=C2=CE=F1=C4=DA=CA=B9=D3=C3=C1=CB =
<FONT color=3D#0000ff>SELECT ... FOR=20
      UPDATE</FONT> =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=B6=D4=CA=FD=BE=DD=D0=D0=BC=D3=CB=F8=A1=A3=B4=CB=CA=B1=A3=AC=CA=
=C2=CE=F1=BB=F1=B5=C3=C1=CB=CF=E0=B9=D8=CA=FD=BE=DD=D0=D0=C9=CF=B5=C4=C5=C5=
=CB=FB=D0=D0=BC=B6=CB=F8=A3=AC=D2=D4=BC=B0=CF=E0=B9=D8=CA=FD=BE=DD=B1=ED=C9=
=CF=B5=C4=D0=D0=B9=B2=CF=ED=B1=ED=BC=B6=CB=F8=A3=A8row share=20
      table =
lock=A3=A9=A1=A3=C8=E7=B9=FB=B4=CB=CA=C2=CE=F1=BD=AB=B6=D4=C4=B3=D0=A9=CA=
=FD=BE=DD=D0=D0=BD=F8=D0=D0=B8=FC=D0=C2=A3=AC=C4=C7=C3=B4=D6=AE=C7=B0=BB=F1=
=B5=C3=B5=C4=D0=D0=B9=B2=CF=ED=B1=ED=BC=B6=CB=F8=BD=AB=D7=D4=B6=AF=B5=D8=D7=
=AA=BB=BB=CE=AA=D0=D0=C5=C5=CB=FB=B1=ED=BC=B6=CB=F8=A3=A8row exclusive=20
      table lock=A3=A9=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">130</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%"><B>Lock=20
      escalation</B> occurs when numerous locks are held at one level of =

      granularity (for example, rows) and a database raises the locks to =
a=20
      higher level of granularity (for example, table). For example, if =
a single=20
      user locks many rows in a table, some databases automatically =
escalate the=20
      user's row locks to a single table. The number of locks is =
reduced, but=20
      the restrictiveness of what is being locked is =
increased.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%"><B>=CB=F8=C9=FD=BC=B6</B>=A3=A8lock=20
      =
escalation=A3=A9=CA=C7=D6=B8=B4=A6=D3=DA=CD=AC=D2=BB=C1=A3=B6=C8=BC=B6=B1=
=F0=A3=A8=C0=FD=C8=E7=A3=AC=CA=FD=BE=DD=D0=D0=BC=B6=A3=A9=C9=CF=B5=C4=CB=F8=
=B1=BB=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=C9=FD=BC=B6=CE=AA=B8=FC=B8=DF=C1=A3=B6=C8=BC=B6=B1=
=F0=A3=A8=C0=FD=C8=E7=A3=AC=B1=ED=A3=A9=C9=CF=B5=C4=CB=F8=A1=A3=C0=FD=C8=E7=
=A3=AC=C4=B3=B8=F6=D3=C3=BB=A7=D2=D1=BE=AD=B6=D4=C4=B3=B8=F6=B1=ED=C4=DA=B5=
=C4=B6=E0=D0=D0=CA=FD=BE=DD=BC=D3=CB=F8=A3=AC=C4=B3=D0=A9=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=
=B9=DC=C0=ED=CF=B5=CD=B3=BB=E1=BD=AB=D3=C3=BB=A7=B5=C4=D5=E2=D0=A9=D0=D0=BC=
=B6=CB=F8=C9=FD=BC=B6=CE=AA=D2=BB=B8=F6=B5=A5=D2=BB=B5=C4=B1=ED=BC=B6=CB=F8=
=A1=A3=B4=CB=CA=B1=CF=B5=CD=B3=C4=DA=CB=F8=B5=C4=CA=FD=C1=BF=BC=F5=C9=D9=C1=
=CB=A3=AC=B6=D4=B1=BB=CB=F8=D7=CA=D4=B4=B5=C4=CF=DE=D6=C6=B3=CC=B6=C8=D4=F6=
=BC=D3=C1=CB=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">131</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle =
never=20
      escalates locks. Lock escalation greatly increases the likelihood =
of=20
      deadlocks. Imagine the situation where the system is trying to =
escalate=20
      locks on behalf of transaction T1 but cannot because of the locks =
held by=20
      transaction T2. A deadlock is created if transaction T2 also =
requires lock=20
      escalation of the same data before it can proceed.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle=20
      =
=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=D6=D0=B2=BB=B4=E6=D4=DA=CB=F8=C9=FD=BC=B6=A1=A3=CB=F8=C9=
=FD=BC=B6=BD=AB=CF=D4=D6=F8=B5=D8=D4=F6=BC=D3=B7=A2=C9=FA=CB=C0=CB=F8=A3=A8=
deadlock=A3=A9=B5=C4=BF=C9=C4=DC=D0=D4=A1=A3=C0=FD=C8=E7=A3=AC=CA=FD=BE=DD=
=BF=E2=CA=D4=CD=BC=BD=AB=CA=C2=CE=F1 T1 =
=D6=D0=B6=D4=C4=B3=D7=CA=D4=B4=B5=C4=CB=F8=C9=FD=BC=B6=A3=AC=CD=AC=CA=B1=CA=
=C2=CE=F1 T2=20
      =
=D2=B2=D3=B5=D3=D0=B4=CB=D7=CA=D4=B4=B5=C4=CB=F8=A1=A3=C8=E7=B9=FB=B4=CB=CA=
=B1=CA=C2=CE=F1 T2 =
=D2=B2=D0=E8=D2=AA=BD=AB=CB=F8=C9=FD=BC=B6=D4=F2=BD=AB=B2=FA=C9=FA=CB=C0=CB=
=F8=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">132</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>See Also:</B><BR><BR>"<A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/13.Data%20Concurrency=
%20and%20Consistency.htm#e.13.3.4.2"=20
        target=3D_self>Table Locks (TM)</A>"</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>=C1=ED=BC=FB=A3=BA</B><BR><BR>=A1=B0<A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/13.Data%20Concurrency=
%20and%20Consistency.htm#c.13.3.4.2"=20
        =
target=3D_self>=B1=ED=BC=B6=CB=F8=A3=A8TM=A3=A9</A>=A1=B1</BLOCKQUOTE></T=
D></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">133</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H2><A name=3De.13.3.2></A>Deadlocks</H2></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H2><A name=3Dc.13.3.2></A>13.3.2 =CB=C0=CB=F8</H2></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">134</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">A =
<B>deadlock</B>=20
      can occur when two or more users are waiting for data locked by =
each=20
      other. Deadlocks prevent some transactions from continuing to =
work. <A=20
      =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/13.Data%20Concurrency=
%20and%20Consistency.htm#e.f.13.3">Figure=20
      13-3</A> is a hypothetical illustration of two transactions in a=20
      deadlock.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=B5=B1=C1=BD=B8=F6=A3=A8=BB=F2=B6=E0=B8=F6=A3=A9=D3=C3=BB=A7=
=BB=A5=CF=E0=B5=C8=B4=FD=B1=BB=B6=D4=B7=BD=BC=D3=CB=F8=B5=C4=D7=CA=D4=B4=CA=
=B1=BE=CD=BB=E1=B7=A2=C9=FA=CB=C0=CB=F8=A3=A8deadlock=A3=A9=A1=A3=CB=C0=CB=
=F8=BD=AB=B5=BC=D6=C2=CF=E0=B9=D8=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=CD=A3=D6=B9=D6=B4=D0=D0=
=A1=A3<A=20
      =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/13.Data%20Concurrency=
%20and%20Consistency.htm#c.f.13.3"=20
      target=3D_self>=CD=BC 13-3</A> =
=D1=DD=CA=BE=C1=CB=B2=FA=C9=FA=CB=C0=CB=F8=B5=C4=C1=BD=B8=F6=CA=C2=CE=F1=A1=
=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">135</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">In <A=20
      =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/13.Data%20Concurrency=
%20and%20Consistency.htm#e.f.13.3"=20
      target=3D_self>Figure 13-3</A>, no problem exists at time point A, =
as each=20
      transaction has a row lock on the row it attempts to update. Each=20
      transaction proceeds without being terminated. However, each tries =
next to=20
      update the row currently held by the other transaction. Therefore, =
a=20
      deadlock results at time point B, because neither transaction can =
obtain=20
      the resource it needs to proceed or terminate. It is a deadlock =
because no=20
      matter how long each transaction waits, the conflicting locks are=20
      held.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">=C8=E7 <A=20
      =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/13.Data%20Concurrency=
%20and%20Consistency.htm#c.f.13.3"=20
      target=3D_self>=CD=BC 13-3</A> =
=CB=F9=CA=BE=A3=AC=D4=DA=CA=B1=BC=E4=B5=E3=20
      =
A=A3=AC=C1=BD=B8=F6=CA=C2=CE=F1=BE=F9=BB=F1=B5=C3=C1=CB=B8=FC=D0=C2=B2=D9=
=D7=F7=CB=F9=D0=E8=CA=FD=BE=DD=D0=D0=C9=CF=B5=C4=CB=F8=A3=AC=B4=CB=CA=B1=C1=
=BD=CA=C2=CE=F1=BE=F9=D5=FD=B3=A3=A3=AC=C4=DC=B9=BB=BC=CC=D0=F8=D6=B4=D0=D0=
=A1=A3=BD=D3=CF=C2=C0=B4=A3=AC=C1=BD=B8=F6=CA=C2=CE=F1=BE=F9=D2=AA=B8=FC=D0=
=C2=B5=B1=C7=B0=B1=BB=B6=D4=B7=BD=BC=D3=CB=F8=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=A1=A3=D2=F2=
=B4=CB=A3=AC=D4=DA=CA=B1=BC=E4=B5=E3 B=20
      =
=BD=AB=B7=A2=C9=FA=CB=C0=CB=F8=A3=AC=D2=F2=CE=AA=B4=CB=CA=B1=C1=BD=B8=F6=CA=
=C2=CE=F1=B6=BC=B2=BB=C4=DC=BB=F1=B5=C3=BC=CC=D0=F8=D6=B4=D0=D0=BB=F2=D6=D5=
=D6=B9=CB=F9=D0=E8=B5=C4=D7=CA=D4=B4=A1=A3=CE=DE=C2=DB=C1=BD=B8=F6=CA=C2=CE=
=F1=B5=C8=B4=FD=B6=E0=BE=C3=A3=AC=CF=E0=BB=A5=B3=E5=CD=BB=B5=C4=CB=F8=B6=BC=
=CE=DE=B7=A8=B1=BB=CA=CD=B7=C5=A3=AC=CB=F9=D2=D4=B4=CB=D6=D6=C7=E9=BF=F6=B1=
=BB=B3=C6=CE=AA=CB=C0=CB=F8=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">136</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%"><I><B><FONT=20
      size=3D2><A name=3De.f.13.3></A>Figure 13-3 Two Transactions in a=20
      Deadlock<BR>=A1=A1</FONT></B></I></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%"><A =
name=3Dc.f.13.3></A><I><B><FONT=20
      size=3D2>=CD=BC 13-3 =
=B2=FA=C9=FA=CB=C0=CB=F8=B5=C4=C1=BD=B8=F6=CA=C2=CE=F1</FONT></B></I></TD=
></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">137</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <P align=3Dcenter><A=20
      =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/img/e.cncpt068.gif"><IMG=20
      height=3D236=20
      =
src=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.C=
oncept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/img/e.cncpt068.gif"=20
      width=3D460 border=3D0></A><BR>=A1=A1</P></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <P align=3Dcenter><A=20
      =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/img/c.cncpt068.gif"><IMG=20
      height=3D236=20
      =
src=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.C=
oncept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/img/c.cncpt068.gif"=20
      width=3D460 border=3D0></A><BR>=A1=A1</P></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">138</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3De.13.3.2.1></A>Deadlock Detection</H3></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3Dc.13.3.2.1></A>13.3.2.1 =
=BC=EC=B2=E2=CB=C0=CB=F8</H3></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">139</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle =
automatically=20
      detects deadlock situations and resolves them by rolling back one =
of the=20
      statements involved in the deadlock, thereby releasing one set of =
the=20
      conflicting row locks. A corresponding message also is returned to =
the=20
      transaction that undergoes statement-level rollback. <SPAN=20
      style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">The statement rolled back is =
the one=20
      belonging to the transaction that detects the deadlock. Usually, =
the=20
      signalled transaction should be rolled back explicitly, but it can =
retry=20
      the rolled-back statement after waiting.</SPAN> <BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle=20
      =
=C4=DC=D7=D4=B6=AF=B5=D8=BC=EC=B2=E2=CB=C0=CB=F8=B5=C4=C7=E9=BF=F6=A3=AC=BB=
=D8=B9=F6=D4=EC=B3=C9=CB=C0=CB=F8=B5=C4=C4=B3=B8=F6=D3=EF=BE=E4=A3=AC=D2=D4=
=B1=E3=CA=CD=B7=C5=B3=E5=CD=BB=B5=C4=D0=D0=BC=B6=CB=F8=A3=AC=B4=D3=B6=F8=BD=
=E2=BE=F6=CB=C0=CB=F8=CE=CA=CC=E2=A1=A3Oracle=20
      =
=BD=AB=CF=F2=D6=B4=D0=D0=C1=CB=D3=EF=BE=E4=BC=B6=BB=D8=B9=F6=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=
=F1=B7=B5=BB=D8=D2=BB=B8=F6=B4=ED=CE=F3=D0=C5=CF=A2=A1=A3<SPAN=20
      style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: =
#ffff00">=C4=C4=B8=F6=CA=C2=CE=F1=BC=EC=B2=E2=B3=F6=C1=CB=CB=C0=CB=F8=A3=AC=
=C4=C4=B8=F6=CA=C2=CE=F1=D6=D0=B5=C4=D3=EF=BE=E4=BE=CD=BD=AB=B1=BB=BB=D8=B9=
=F6=A1=A3=CD=A8=B3=A3=A3=ACOracle=20
      =
=CD=A8=D6=AA=C4=B3=D2=BB=CA=C2=CE=F1=BA=F3=A3=AC=B4=CB=CA=C2=CE=F1=D0=E8=D2=
=AA=CF=D4=CA=BE=B5=D8=D6=B4=D0=D0=BB=D8=B9=F6=B2=D9=D7=F7=A3=AC=B5=AB=CA=C2=
=CE=F1=BF=C9=D2=D4=D4=DA=B5=C8=B4=FD=D6=AE=BA=F3=D6=D8=CA=D4=B1=BB=BB=D8=B9=
=F6=B5=C4=D3=EF=BE=E4=A1=A3</SPAN><BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">140</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>Note:</B><BR><BR>In distributed transactions, local =

        deadlocks are detected by analyzing wait data, and global =
deadlocks are=20
        detected by a time out. Once detected, nondistributed and =
distributed=20
        deadlocks are handled by the database and application in the =
same way.=20
      </BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      =
<BLOCKQUOTE><B>=CC=E1=CA=BE=A3=BA</B><BR><BR>=B6=D4=D3=DA=B7=D6=B2=BC=CA=BD=
=CA=C2=CE=F1=A3=ACOracle =
=CD=A8=B9=FD=B7=D6=CE=F6=B1=BB=B5=C8=B4=FD=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=C0=B4=BC=EC=B2=
=E2=B1=BE=B5=D8=CB=C0=CB=F8=A3=A8local=20
        deadlock=A3=A9=A3=AC=B6=F8=C8=AB=BE=D6=CB=C0=CB=F8=A3=A8global =
deadlock=A3=A9=D4=F2=CA=C7=B8=F9=BE=DD=B3=AC=CA=B1=A3=A8time=20
        =
out=A3=A9=C0=B4=BC=EC=B2=E2=B5=C4=A1=A3=CE=DE=C2=DB=B7=D6=B2=BC=CA=BD=BB=F2=
=B7=C7=B7=D6=B2=BC=CA=BD=CB=C0=CB=F8=A3=AC=D4=DA=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=BC=B0=D3=
=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=D6=D0=B5=C4=B4=A6=C0=ED=B7=BD=B7=A8=B6=BC=CA=C7=CF=E0=
=CD=AC=B5=C4=A1=A3</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">141</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Deadlocks most often=20
      occur when transactions explicitly <SPAN=20
      style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">override</SPAN> the default =
locking of=20
      Oracle. Because Oracle itself does no lock escalation and does not =
use=20
      read locks for queries, but does use row-level locking (rather =
than <SPAN=20
      style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">page-level locking</SPAN>), =
deadlocks=20
      occur infrequently in Oracle.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=CD=A8=B3=A3=A3=AC=D3=C3=BB=A7=CF=D4=CA=BD=D6=B8=B6=A8=B5=C4=
=CB=F8=B7=BD=CA=BD=B8=B2=B8=C7=A3=A8override=A3=A9=C1=CB Oracle=20
      =
=C4=AC=C8=CF=B5=C4=CB=F8=B7=BD=CA=BD=CA=B1=B8=FC=C8=DD=D2=D7=B7=A2=C9=FA=CB=
=C0=CB=F8=A1=A3=D3=C9=D3=DA Oracle =
=D6=D0=B2=BB=B4=E6=D4=DA=CB=F8=C9=FD=BC=B6=A3=A8lock =
escalation=A3=A9=A3=AC=D2=B2=B2=BB=BB=E1=CE=AA=B2=E9=D1=AF=CA=B9=D3=C3=B6=
=C1=C8=A1=CB=F8=A3=A8read=20
      =
lock=A3=A9=A3=AC=B6=F8=D6=BB=CA=B9=D3=C3=D0=D0=BC=B6=CB=F8=A3=A8row-level=
 lock=A3=A9=A3=A8=B2=BB=CA=C7=B7=D6=D2=B3=BC=B6=CB=F8=A3=A8page-level =
lock=A3=A9=A3=A9=A3=AC=D2=F2=B4=CB=D4=DA Oracle=20
      =
=D6=D0=CB=C0=CB=F8=B5=C4=CF=D6=CF=F3=BD=CF=C9=D9=BC=FB=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</T=
D></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">142</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>See Also:</B><BR><BR>"<A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/13.Data%20Concurrency=
%20and%20Consistency.htm#e.13.3.7"=20
        target=3D_self>Explicit (Manual) Data Locking</A>" for more =
information=20
        about manually acquiring locks</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>=C1=ED=BC=FB=A3=BA</B><BR><BR>=A1=B0<A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/13.Data%20Concurrency=
%20and%20Consistency.htm#c.13.3.7"=20
        =
target=3D_self>=CF=D4=CA=BD=A3=A8=CA=D6=B9=A4=A3=A9=CA=FD=BE=DD=BC=D3=CB=F8=
</A>=A1=B1 =
=C1=CB=BD=E2=B9=D8=D3=DA=CA=D6=B9=A4=BB=F1=B5=C3=CB=F8=B5=C4=CF=EA=CF=B8=D0=
=C5=CF=A2</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">143</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3De.13.3.2.2></A>Avoid Deadlocks</H3></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3Dc.13.3.2.2></A>13.3.2.2 =
=B1=DC=C3=E2=CB=C0=CB=F8</H3></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">144</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Multitable deadlocks=20
      can usually be avoided if transactions accessing the same tables =
lock=20
      those tables in the same order, either through implicit or =
explicit locks.=20
      For example, all application developers might follow the rule that =
when=20
      both a master and detail table are updated, the master table is =
locked=20
      first and then the detail table. If such rules are properly =
designed and=20
      then followed in all applications, deadlocks are very unlikely to=20
      occur.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=C8=E7=B9=FB=C1=BD=B8=F6=CA=C2=CE=F1=D0=E8=D2=AA=B7=C3=CE=CA=
=CF=E0=CD=AC=B5=C4=D2=BB=D7=E9=B1=ED=A3=AC=C4=C7=C3=B4=D4=DA=C1=BD=B8=F6=CA=
=C2=CE=F1=B0=B4=CF=E0=CD=AC=B5=C4=CB=B3=D0=F2=B6=D4=D5=E2=D7=E9=B1=ED=BC=D3=
=CB=F8=A3=A8=CF=D4=CA=BD=BB=F2=D2=FE=CA=BD=B5=D8=BC=D3=CB=F8=A3=A9=CD=A8=B3=
=A3=C4=DC=B1=DC=C3=E2=B6=E0=B1=ED=CB=C0=CB=F8=A3=A8multitable=20
      =
deadlock=A3=A9=A1=A3=C0=FD=C8=E7=A3=AC=C8=E7=B9=FB=CF=B5=CD=B3=D6=D0=B5=C4=
=D2=BB=B8=F6=D6=F7=B1=ED=BC=B0=D2=BB=B8=F6=C3=F7=CF=B8=B1=ED=B6=BC=D0=E8=D2=
=AA=B8=FC=D0=C2=CA=B1=A3=AC=BF=AA=B7=A2=D5=DF=D3=A6=B8=C3=D7=F1=B4=D3=D2=BB=
=B6=A8=B5=C4=B9=E6=D4=F2=A3=AC=C8=E7=CF=C8=B6=D4=D6=F7=B1=ED=BC=D3=CB=F8=A3=
=AC=D4=D9=B6=D4=C3=F7=CF=B8=B1=ED=BC=D3=CB=F8=A1=A3=C8=E7=B9=FB=C4=DC=B9=BB=
=D7=D0=CF=B8=C9=E8=BC=C6=C0=E0=CB=C6=B5=C4=B9=E6=D4=F2=B2=A2=D1=CF=B8=F1=D6=
=B4=D0=D0=A3=AC=B3=F6=CF=D6=CB=C0=CB=F8=B5=C4=20
      =
=BF=C9=C4=DC=D0=D4=CA=C7=BA=DC=B5=CD=B5=C4=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">145</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">When =
you know you=20
      will require a sequence of locks for one transaction, consider =
acquiring=20
      the most exclusive (least compatible) lock first.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=C8=E7=B9=FB=BF=AA=B7=A2=D5=DF=D4=A4=CF=C8=D6=AA=B5=C0=D0=E8=
=D2=AA=D4=DA=CD=AC=D2=BB=CA=C2=CE=F1=C4=DA=B6=D4=D2=BB=CF=B5=C1=D0=D7=CA=D4=
=B4=BC=D3=CB=F8=A3=AC=C4=C7=C3=B4=D3=A6=BF=BC=C2=C7=CA=D7=CF=C8=B6=D4=C5=C5=
=CB=FB=D0=D4=D7=EE=B8=DF=B5=C4=D7=CA=D4=B4=BC=D3=CB=F8=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</T=
D></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">146</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H2><A name=3De.13.3.3></A>Types of Locks</H2></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H2><A name=3Dc.13.3.3></A>13.3.3 =
=CB=F8=B5=C4=C0=E0=D0=CD</H2></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">147</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle =
automatically=20
      uses different types of locks to control concurrent access to data =
and to=20
      prevent destructive interaction between users. Oracle =
automatically locks=20
      a resource on behalf of a transaction to prevent other =
transactions from=20
      doing something also requiring exclusive access to the same =
resource. The=20
      lock is released automatically when some event occurs so that the=20
      transaction no longer requires the resource.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle=20
      =
=C4=DC=B9=BB=D7=D4=B6=AF=B5=D8=D1=A1=D4=F1=B2=BB=CD=AC=C0=E0=D0=CD=B5=C4=CB=
=F8=B6=D4=CA=FD=BE=DD=B2=A2=B7=A2=B7=C3=CE=CA=BD=F8=D0=D0=BF=D8=D6=C6=A3=AC=
=B7=C0=D6=B9=D3=C3=BB=A7=BC=E4=C6=C6=BB=B5=D0=D4=B5=C4=BD=BB=BB=A5=B2=D9=D7=
=F7=A1=A3Oracle=20
      =
=BD=AB=D7=D4=B6=AF=B5=D8=CE=AA=CA=C2=CE=F1=BD=F8=D0=D0=CB=F8=B9=DC=C0=ED=A3=
=AC=B7=C0=D6=B9=C6=E4=CB=FB=CA=C2=CE=F1=B6=D4=D0=E8=D2=AA=C5=C5=CB=FB=B7=C3=
=CE=CA=B5=C4=D7=CA=D4=B4=D6=B4=D0=D0=B2=D9=D7=F7=A1=A3=B5=B1=CA=C2=CE=F1=B2=
=BB=D4=D9=D0=E8=D2=AA=BC=D3=CB=F8=B5=C4=D7=CA=D4=B4=B2=A2=B4=A5=B7=A2=C4=B3=
=B8=F6=CA=C2=BC=FE=BA=F3=A3=AC=CB=F8=C4=DC=B9=BB=B1=BB=D7=D4=B6=AF=B5=D8=CA=
=CD=B7=C5=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">148</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Throughout its=20
      operation, Oracle automatically acquires different types of locks =
at=20
      different levels of restrictiveness depending on the resource =
being locked=20
      and the operation being performed.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D4=DA=CA=C2=CE=F1=D6=B4=D0=D0=C6=DA=BC=E4=A3=ACOracle=20
      =
=C4=DC=B9=BB=B8=F9=BE=DD=BC=D3=CB=F8=B5=C4=D7=CA=D4=B4=BC=B0=D0=E8=D2=AA=D6=
=B4=D0=D0=B5=C4=B2=D9=D7=F7=D7=D4=B6=AF=B5=D8=BE=F6=B6=A8=CB=F8=B5=C4=C0=E0=
=D0=CD=A3=A8types of =
lock=A3=A9=BC=B0=B6=D4=D7=CA=D4=B4=B5=C4=CF=DE=D6=C6=BC=B6=B1=F0=A3=A8lev=
el of=20
      restrictiveness=A3=A9=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">149</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle =
locks fall=20
      into one of three general categories.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle =
=B5=C4=CB=F8=BF=C9=D2=D4=B7=D6=CE=AA=C8=FD=B4=F3=C0=E0=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</T=
D></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">150</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <TABLE id=3Dtable23 cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D"100%" =
border=3D0>
        <TBODY>
        <TR>
          <TD colSpan=3D2>
            <HR>
          </TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD width=3D"28%"><FONT =
color=3D#0000ff><B>Lock</B></FONT></TD>
          <TD width=3D"72%"><B><FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>Description</FONT></B></TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD colSpan=3D2>
            <HR>
          </TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"28%">DML locks (data =
locks)<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"72%">DML locks protect data. For =
example,=20
            table locks lock entire tables, row locks lock selected=20
        rows.<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"28%">DDL locks (dictionary =
locks)<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"72%">DDL locks protect the structure =
of schema=20
            objects=A1=AAfor example, the definitions of tables and =
views.<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"28%">Internal locks and <SPAN=20
            style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: =
#ffff00">latches</SPAN><BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"72%">Internal locks and latches =
protect=20
            internal database structures such as datafiles. Internal =
locks and=20
            latches are entirely =
automatic.<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <TABLE id=3Dtable29 cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D"100%" =
border=3D0>
        <TBODY>
        <TR>
          <TD colSpan=3D2>
            <HR>
          </TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD width=3D"28%"><FONT =
color=3D#0000ff><B>=CB=F8</B></FONT></TD>
          <TD width=3D"72%"><FONT =
color=3D#0000ff><B>=C3=E8=CA=F6</B></FONT></TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD colSpan=3D2>
            <HR>
          </TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"28%">DML =
=CB=F8=A3=A8=CA=FD=BE=DD=CB=F8=A3=A9<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"72%">DML =
=B5=C4=D7=F7=D3=C3=CA=C7=B1=A3=BB=A4=CA=FD=BE=DD=A1=A3=C0=FD=C8=E7=A3=AC=B1=
=ED=BC=B6=CB=F8=A3=A8table=20
            =
lock=A3=A9=B6=D4=D5=FB=B8=F6=B1=ED=BC=D3=CB=F8=A3=AC=D0=D0=BC=B6=CB=F8=A3=
=A8row =
lock=A3=A9=D4=F2=B6=D4=D1=A1=B6=A8=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=D0=D0=BC=D3=CB=F8=A1=
=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"28%">DDL =
=CB=F8=A3=A8=CA=FD=BE=DD=D7=D6=B5=E4=CB=F8=A3=A9<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"72%">DDL =
=CB=F8=B5=C4=D7=F7=D3=C3=CA=C7=B1=A3=BB=A4=B7=BD=B0=B8=B6=D4=CF=F3=B5=C4=BD=
=E1=B9=B9=A1=A3=C0=FD=C8=E7=A3=AC=B1=ED=BC=B0=CA=D3=CD=BC=B5=C4=B6=A8=D2=E5=
=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop =
width=3D"28%">=C4=DA=B2=BF=CB=F8=A3=A8internal =
lock=A3=A9=BC=B0=E3=C5=CB=F8=A3=A8latch=A3=A9<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop =
width=3D"72%">=C4=DA=B2=BF=CB=F8=BC=B0=E3=C5=CB=F8=D3=C3=D3=DA=B1=A3=BB=A4=
=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B5=C4=C4=DA=B2=BF=BD=E1=B9=B9=A3=AC=C0=FD=C8=E7=A3=AC=CA=
=FD=BE=DD=CE=C4=BC=FE=A1=A3=C4=DA=B2=BF=CB=F8=BC=B0=E3=C5=CB=F8=B5=C4=B9=DC=
=C0=ED=CD=EA=C8=AB=D3=C9=20
            Oracle =
=D7=D4=B6=AF=CD=EA=B3=C9=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>=A1=A1<=
/TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">151</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">The =
following=20
      sections discuss DML locks, DDL locks, and internal =
locks.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D2=D4=CF=C2=B8=F7=BD=DA=BD=AB=CC=D6=C2=DB DML =
=CB=F8=A3=ACDDL=20
  =
=CB=F8=A3=AC=E3=C5=CB=F8=BC=B0=C4=DA=B2=BF=CB=F8=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR=
>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">152</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H2><A name=3De.13.3.4></A>DML Locks</H2></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H2><A name=3Dc.13.3.4></A>13.3.4 DML =CB=F8</H2></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">153</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">The =
purpose of a DML=20
      lock (data lock) is to guarantee the integrity of data being =
accessed=20
      concurrently by multiple users. DML locks prevent destructive =
interference=20
      of simultaneous conflicting DML or DDL operations. DML statements=20
      automatically acquire both table-level locks and row-level =
locks.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">DML =
=CB=F8=A3=A8=CA=FD=BE=DD=CB=F8=A3=A9=B5=C4=D7=F7=D3=C3=CA=C7=B1=A3=D6=A4=B1=
=BB=B6=E0=D3=C3=BB=A7=B2=A2=B7=A2=B7=C3=CE=CA=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=B5=C4=D2=BB=
=D6=C2=D0=D4=A1=A3DML=20
      =
=CB=F8=C4=DC=B9=BB=B7=C0=D6=B9=B4=E6=D4=DA=B3=E5=CD=BB=B5=C4=B2=A2=B7=A2 =
DML =BC=B0 DDL =
=B2=D9=D7=F7=BC=E4=B3=F6=CF=D6=C6=C6=BB=B5=D0=D4=B5=C4=CF=E0=BB=A5=B8=C9=C8=
=C5=A1=A3DML =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=C4=DC=B9=BB=D7=D4=B6=AF=B5=D8=BB=F1=B5=C3=CB=F9=D0=E8=B5=C4=B1=
=ED=BC=B6=CB=F8=A3=A8table-level=20
      lock=A3=A9=D3=EB=D0=D0=BC=B6=CB=F8=A3=A8row-level =
lock=A3=A9=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">154</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>Note:</B><BR><BR>The acronym in parentheses after =
each=20
        type of lock or lock mode is the abbreviation used in the Locks =
Monitor=20
        of Enterprise Manager. Enterprise Manager might display TM for =
any table=20
        lock, rather than indicate the mode of table lock (such as RS or =

      SRX).</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      =
<BLOCKQUOTE><B>=CC=E1=CA=BE=A3=BA</B><BR><BR>=D4=DA=BA=F3=CE=C4=D6=D0=A3=AC=
=C3=BF=D6=D6=CB=F8=BC=B0=CB=F8=C4=A3=CA=BD=D6=AE=BA=F3=C0=A8=BA=C5=C4=DA=B5=
=C4=CA=D7=D7=D6=C4=B8=CB=F5=D0=B4=B4=CA=A3=AC=B6=D4=D3=A6=C6=F3=D2=B5=B9=DC=
=C0=ED=C6=F7=A3=A8Enterprise=20
        Manager=A3=A9=CB=F8=BC=E0=CA=D3=C6=F7=A3=A8Locks =
Monitor=A3=A9=D6=D0=CB=F9=CA=B9=D3=C3=B5=C4=CB=F5=D0=B4=A1=A3=D4=DA=C6=F3=
=D2=B5=B9=DC=C0=ED=C6=F7=D6=D0=A3=AC=B1=ED=BC=B6=CB=F8=BF=C9=C4=DC=D6=BB=BB=
=E1=B1=BB=CF=D4=CA=BE=CE=AA =
TM=A3=AC=B6=F8=B2=BB=BB=E1=CF=D4=CA=BE=B1=ED=BC=B6=CB=F8=B5=C4=C4=A3=CA=BD=
=A3=A8=C8=E7=20
        RS =BB=F2 SRX=A3=A9=A1=A3</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">155</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3De.13.3.4.1></A>Row Locks (TX)</H3></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3Dc.13.3.4.1></A>13.3.4.1 =
=D0=D0=BC=B6=CB=F8=A3=A8TX=A3=A9</H3></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">156</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Row-level locks are=20
      primarily used to prevent two transactions from modifying the same =
row.=20
      When a transaction needs to modify a row, a row lock is =
acquired.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D0=D0=BC=B6=CB=F8=A3=A8row-level=20
      =
lock=A3=A9=B5=C4=D7=F7=D3=C3=CA=C7=B7=C0=D6=B9=C1=BD=B8=F6=CA=C2=CE=F1=CD=
=AC=CA=B1=D0=DE=B8=C4=CF=E0=CD=AC=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=D0=D0=A1=A3=B5=B1=D2=BB=
=B8=F6=CA=C2=CE=F1=D0=E8=D2=AA=D0=DE=B8=C4=D2=BB=D0=D0=CA=FD=BE=DD=CA=B1=A3=
=AC=BE=CD=D0=E8=B6=D4=B4=CB=D0=D0=CA=FD=BE=DD=BC=D3=CB=F8=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1=
</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">157</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">There =
is no limit to=20
      the number of row locks held by a statement or transaction, and =
Oracle=20
      does not escalate locks from the row level to a coarser =
granularity. Row=20
      locking provides the finest grain locking possible and so provides =
the=20
      best possible concurrency and throughput.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle =
=B6=D4=D3=EF=BE=E4=BB=F2=CA=C2=CE=F1=CB=F9=C4=DC=BB=F1=B5=C3=B5=C4=D0=D0=BC=
=B6=CB=F8=B5=C4=CA=FD=C1=BF=C3=BB=D3=D0=CF=DE=D6=C6=A3=ACOracle=20
      =
=D2=B2=B2=BB=BB=E1=BD=B2=D0=D0=BC=B6=CB=F8=B5=C4=C1=A3=B6=C8=C9=FD=BC=B6=A3=
=A8lock=20
    =
escalation=A3=A9=A1=A3=D0=D0=BC=B6=CB=F8=CA=C7=C1=A3=B6=C8=D7=EE=BE=AB=CF=
=B8=B5=C4=CB=F8=A3=AC=D2=F2=B4=CB=D0=D0=BC=B6=CB=F8=C4=DC=B9=BB=CC=E1=B9=A9=
=D7=EE=BA=C3=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=B2=A2=B7=A2=B7=C3=CE=CA=C4=DC=C1=A6=BC=B0=CA=
=FD=BE=DD=B4=A6=C0=ED=C4=DC=C1=A6=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">158</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">The =
combination of=20
      multiversion concurrency control and row-level locking means that =
users=20
      contend for data only when accessing the same rows, specifically:
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Readers of data do not wait =
for writers=20
        of the same data rows.=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Writers of data do not wait =
for readers=20
        of the same data rows unless <FONT color=3D#0000ff>SELECT ... =
FOR=20
        UPDATE</FONT> is used, which specifically requests a lock for =
the=20
        reader.=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Writers only wait for other =
writers if=20
        they attempt to update the same rows at the same time. =
</LI></UL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle =
=CD=AC=CA=B1=D6=A7=B3=D6=B6=E0=B0=E6=B1=BE=B2=A2=B7=A2=B7=C3=CE=CA=BF=D8=D6=
=C6=A3=A8multiversion=20
      concurrency =
control=A3=A9=BC=B0=D0=D0=BC=B6=CB=F8=BC=BC=CA=F5=A3=A8row-level =
locking=A3=A9=A3=AC=D2=F2=B4=CB=D3=C3=BB=A7=D6=BB=D3=D0=D4=DA=B7=C3=CE=CA=
=CF=E0=CD=AC=CA=FD=BE=DD=D0=D0=CA=B1=B2=C5=BB=E1=B3=F6=CF=D6=BE=BA=D5=F9=A3=
=AC=BE=DF=CC=E5=C0=B4=CB=B5=A3=BA
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=B6=C1=C8=A1=B2=D9=D7=F7=CE=DE=D0=E8=B5=C8=B4=FD=B6=D4=CF=E0=CD=AC=CA=
=FD=BE=DD=D0=D0=B5=C4=D0=B4=C8=EB=B2=D9=D7=F7=A1=A3=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=D0=B4=C8=EB=B2=D9=D7=F7=CE=DE=D0=E8=B5=C8=B4=FD=B6=D4=CF=E0=CD=AC=CA=
=FD=BE=DD=D0=D0=B5=C4=B6=C1=C8=A1=B2=D9=D7=F7=A3=AC=B3=FD=B7=C7=B6=C1=C8=A1=
=B2=D9=D7=F7=CA=B9=D3=C3=C1=CB<FONT=20
        color=3D#0000ff> SELECT ... FOR UPDATE</FONT> =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=A3=AC=B4=CB=B6=C1=C8=A1=D3=EF=BE=E4=D0=E8=D2=AA=B6=D4=CA=FD=BE=
=DD=BC=D3=CB=F8=A1=A3=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=D0=B4=C8=EB=B2=D9=D7=F7=D6=BB=D0=E8=B5=C8=B4=FD=B2=A2=B7=A2=B5=D8=C7=
=D2=D5=EB=B6=D4=CF=E0=CD=AC=CA=FD=BE=DD=D0=D0=B5=C4=C6=E4=CB=FB=D0=B4=C8=EB=
=B2=D9=D7=F7=A1=A3=20
  </LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">159</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>Note:</B><BR><BR>Readers of data may have to wait =
for=20
        writers of the same data blocks in some very special cases of =
pending=20
        distributed transactions.</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      =
<BLOCKQUOTE><B>=CC=E1=CA=BE=A3=BA</B><BR><BR>=B6=C1=C8=A1=B2=D9=D7=F7=BF=C9=
=C4=DC=BB=E1=B5=C8=B4=FD=B6=D4=CF=E0=CD=AC=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E9=A3=A8data=20
        =
block=A3=A9=B5=C4=D0=B4=C8=EB=B2=D9=D7=F7=A3=AC=D5=E2=D6=D6=C7=E9=BF=F6=D6=
=BB=BB=E1=D4=DA=B3=F6=CF=D6=B9=D2=C6=F0=B5=C4=B7=D6=B2=BC=CA=BD=CA=C2=CE=F1=
=A3=A8pending distributed=20
      =
transaction=A3=A9=CA=B1=C5=BC=B6=FB=B3=F6=CF=D6=A1=A3</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></=
TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">160</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">A =
transaction=20
      acquires an exclusive row lock for each individual row modified by =
one of=20
      the following statements: <FONT color=3D#0000ff>INSERT</FONT>, =
<FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>UPDATE</FONT>, <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>DELETE</FONT>, and <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>SELECT</FONT> with the <FONT color=3D#0000ff>FOR =
UPDATE</FONT>=20
      clause.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=D4=DA=D6=B4=D0=D0=CF=C2=C1=D0=D3=EF=BE=E4=CA=B1=A3=AC=CA=C2=
=CE=F1=D0=E8=D2=AA=BB=F1=B5=C3=B1=BB=D0=DE=B8=C4=B5=C4=C3=BF=D2=BB=CA=FD=BE=
=DD=D0=D0=B5=C4=C5=C5=CB=FB=D0=D0=BC=B6=CB=F8=A3=A8exclusive row =
lock=A3=A9=A3=BA<FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>INSERT</FONT>=A3=AC<FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>UPDATE</FONT>=A3=AC<FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>DELETE</FONT>=A3=AC=BC=B0=CA=B9=D3=C3=C1=CB <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>FOR UPDATE</FONT> =D7=D3=BE=E4=B5=C4=20
      <FONT color=3D#0000ff>SELECT</FONT> =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">161</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">A =
modified row is=20
      <FONT color=3D#0000ff>always</FONT> locked exclusively so that =
other=20
      transactions cannot modify the row until the transaction holding =
the lock=20
      is committed or rolled back. <SPAN=20
      style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">However, if the transaction =
dies due to=20
      instance failure, block-level recovery makes a row available =
before the=20
      entire transaction is recovered.</SPAN> Row locks are always =
acquired=20
      automatically by Oracle as a result of the statements listed=20
      previously.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=D4=DA=CA=C2=CE=F1=B1=BB=CC=E1=BD=BB=BB=F2=BB=D8=B9=F6=C7=B0=
=A3=AC=B4=CB=CA=C2=CE=F1=D3=B5=D3=D0=D4=DA=C6=E4=C4=DA=B2=BF=B1=BB=D0=DE=B8=
=C4=B5=C4=CB=F9=D3=D0=CA=FD=BE=DD=D0=D0=B5=C4=C5=C5=CB=FB=CB=F8=A3=AC=C6=E4=
=CB=FB=CA=C2=CE=F1=B2=BB=C4=DC=B6=D4=D5=E2=D0=A9=CA=FD=BE=DD=D0=D0=BD=F8=D0=
=D0=D0=DE=B8=C4=B2=D9=D7=F7=A1=A3=B5=AB=CA=C7=A3=AC=C8=E7=B9=FB=CA=C2=CE=F1=
=D3=C9=D3=DA=CA=B5=C0=FD=B9=CA=D5=CF=B6=F8=D6=D5=D6=B9=A3=AC=D4=DA=D5=FB=B8=
=F6=CA=C2=CE=F1=B1=BB=BB=D6=B8=B4=C7=B0=A3=AC=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E9=BC=B6=B5=C4=
=BB=D6=B8=B4=BD=AB=CA=B9=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E9=C4=DA=CA=FD=BE=DD=D0=D0=C9=CF=B5=
=C4=CB=F8=CA=CD=B7=C5=A1=A3=D6=B4=D0=D0=C7=B0=C3=E6=CC=E1=B5=BD=B5=C4=20
      4 =D6=D6 SQL =D3=EF=BE=E4=CA=B1=A3=ACOracle =
=C4=DC=D7=D4=B6=AF=B5=D8=B6=D4=D0=D0=BC=B6=CB=F8=BD=F8=D0=D0=B9=DC=C0=ED=A1=
=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">162</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">If a =
transaction=20
      obtains a row lock for a row, the transaction also acquires a =
table lock=20
      for the corresponding table. The table lock prevents conflicting =
DDL=20
      operations that would override data changes in a current=20
    transaction.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=B5=B1=CA=C2=CE=F1=BB=F1=B5=C3=C1=CB=C4=B3=D0=A9=CA=FD=BE=DD=
=D0=D0=C9=CF=B5=C4=D0=D0=BC=B6=CB=F8=CA=B1=A3=AC=B4=CB=CA=C2=CE=F1=CD=AC=CA=
=B1=BB=F1=B5=C3=C1=CB=CA=FD=BE=DD=D0=D0=CB=F9=CA=F4=B1=ED=C9=CF=B5=C4=B1=ED=
=BC=B6=CB=F8=A3=A8table=20
      =
lock=A3=A9=A1=A3=B1=ED=BC=B6=CB=F8=C4=DC=B9=BB=B7=C0=D6=B9=CF=B5=CD=B3=D6=
=D0=B2=A2=B7=A2=B5=D8=D6=B4=D0=D0=D3=D0=B3=E5=CD=BB=B5=C4 DDL =
=B2=D9=D7=F7=A3=AC=B1=DC=C3=E2=B5=B1=C7=B0=CA=C2=CE=F1=D6=D0=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=
=DD =B2=D9=D7=F7=B1=BB=B2=A2=B7=A2=B5=D8 DDL =
=B2=D9=D7=F7=D3=B0=CF=EC=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">163</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>See Also:</B><BR><BR>"<A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/13.Data%20Concurrency=
%20and%20Consistency.htm#e.13.3.5"=20
        target=3D_self>DDL Locks</A>" </BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>=C1=ED=BC=FB=A3=BA</B><BR><BR>=A1=B0<A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/13.Data%20Concurrency=
%20and%20Consistency.htm#c.13.3.5"=20
        target=3D_self>DDL =CB=F8</A>=A1=B1</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">164</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3De.13.3.4.2></A>Table Locks (TM)</H3></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3Dc.13.3.4.2></A>13.3.4.2 =
=B1=ED=BC=B6=CB=F8=A3=A8TM=A3=A9</H3></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">165</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Table-level locks=20
      are primarily used to do concurrency control with concurrent DDL=20
      operations, such as preventing a table from being dropped in the =
middle of=20
      a DML operation. When a DDL or DML statement is on a table, a =
table lock=20
      is acquired. Table locks do not affect concurrency of DML =
operations. For=20
      partitioned tables, table locks can be acquired at both the table =
and the=20
      subpartition level.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=B1=ED=BC=B6=CB=F8=A3=A8table-level =
lock=A3=A9=B5=C4=D7=F7=D3=C3=CA=C7=B6=D4=B2=A2=B7=A2=B5=C4 DDL=20
      =
=B2=D9=D7=F7=BD=F8=D0=D0=B7=C3=CE=CA=BF=D8=D6=C6=A3=AC=C0=FD=C8=E7=B7=C0=D6=
=B9=D4=DA DML =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=D6=B4=D0=D0=C6=DA=BC=E4=CF=E0=B9=D8=B5=C4=B1=ED=B1=BB=D2=C6=B3=
=FD=A1=A3=B5=B1=D3=C3=BB=A7=B6=D4=B1=ED=D6=B4=D0=D0 DDL =BB=F2 DML=20
      =
=B2=D9=D7=F7=CA=B1=A3=AC=BD=AB=BB=F1=C8=A1=D2=BB=B8=F6=B4=CB=B1=ED=B5=C4=B1=
=ED=BC=B6=CB=F8=A1=A3=B1=ED=BC=B6=CB=F8=B2=BB=BB=E1=D3=B0=CF=EC=C6=E4=CB=FB=
=B2=A2=B7=A2=B5=C4 DML=20
  =
=B2=D9=D7=F7=A1=A3=B6=D4=D3=DA=B7=D6=C7=F8=B1=ED=C0=B4=CB=B5=A3=AC=B1=ED=BC=
=B6=CB=F8=BC=C8=BF=C9=D2=D4=D5=EB=B6=D4=D5=FB=B8=F6=B1=ED=A3=AC=D2=B2=BF=C9=
=D2=D4=D6=BB=D5=EB=B6=D4=C4=B3=B8=F6=B7=D6=C7=F8=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR=
>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">166</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">A =
transaction=20
      acquires a table lock when a table is modified in the following =
DML=20
      statements: <FONT color=3D#0000ff>INSERT</FONT>, <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>UPDATE</FONT>, <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>DELETE</FONT>, <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>SELECT</FONT> with the <FONT color=3D#0000ff>FOR =
UPDATE</FONT>=20
      clause, and <FONT color=3D#0000ff>LOCK TABLE</FONT>. These DML =
operations=20
      require table locks for two purposes: to reserve DML access to the =
table=20
      on behalf of a transaction and to prevent DDL operations that =
would=20
      conflict with the transaction. Any table lock prevents the =
acquisition of=20
      an exclusive DDL lock on the same table and thereby prevents DDL=20
      operations that require such locks. For example, a table cannot be =
altered=20
      or dropped if an uncommitted transaction holds a table lock for=20
it.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=B5=B1=D3=C3=BB=A7=D6=B4=D0=D0=D2=D4=CF=C2 DML =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=B6=D4=B1=ED=BD=F8=D0=D0=D0=DE=B8=C4=A3=BA<FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>INSERT</FONT>=A3=AC<FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>UPDATE</FONT>=A3=AC<FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>DELETE</FONT>=A3=AC<FONT color=3D#0000ff>=BC=B0 =
SELECT ... FOR=20
      UPDATE</FONT>=A3=AC=BB=F2=D6=B4=D0=D0 <FONT color=3D#0000ff>LOCK =
TABLE</FONT> =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=CA=B1=A3=AC=CA=C2=CE=F1=BD=AB=BB=F1=C8=A1=D2=BB=B8=F6=B1=ED=BC=
=B6=CB=F8=A1=A3=D5=E2=D0=A9=20
      DML =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=BB=F1=C8=A1=B1=ED=BC=B6=CB=F8=B5=C4=C4=BF=B5=C4=D3=D0=C1=BD=B8=
=F6=A3=BA=CA=D7=CF=C8=B1=A3=D6=A4=D7=D4=C9=ED=B6=D4=B1=ED=B5=C4=B7=C3=CE=CA=
=B2=BB=CA=DC=C6=E4=CB=FB=CA=C2=CE=F1 DML =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=B5=C4=B8=C9=C8=C5=A3=AC=C6=E4=B4=CE=D7=E8=D6=B9=C6=E4=CB=FB=CA=
=C2=CE=F1=D6=D0=BA=CD=D7=D4=C9=ED=D3=D0=B3=E5=CD=BB=B5=C4 DDL=20
      =
=B2=D9=D7=F7=D6=B4=D0=D0=A1=A3=C8=CE=BA=CE=C0=E0=D0=CD=B5=C4=B1=ED=BC=B6=CB=
=F8=B6=BC=BD=AB=D7=E8=D6=B9=B6=D4=B4=CB=B1=ED=B5=C4=C5=C5=CB=FB DDL =
=CB=F8=A3=A8exclusive DDL =
lock=A3=A9=A3=AC=B4=D3=B6=F8=D7=E8=D6=B9=C1=CB=B1=D8=D0=EB=BE=DF=B1=B8=C5=
=C5=CB=FB DDL =CB=F8=B2=C5=C4=DC=D6=B4=D0=D0=B5=C4=20
      DDL =
=B2=D9=D7=F7=A1=A3=C0=FD=C8=E7=A3=AC=B5=B1=D2=BB=B8=F6=CE=B4=CC=E1=BD=BB=B5=
=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=D3=B5=D3=D0=C4=B3=B8=F6=B1=ED=C9=CF=B5=C4=CB=F8=CA=B1=A3=AC=
=B4=CB=B1=ED=BE=CD=CE=DE=B7=A8=B1=BB=D0=DE=B8=C4=B6=A8=D2=E5=BB=F2=B1=BB=D2=
=C6=B3=FD=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">167</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">A =
table lock can be=20
      held in any of several modes: <SPAN style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: =
#ffff00">row=20
      share</SPAN> (RS), <SPAN style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">row=20
      exclusive</SPAN> (RX), <SPAN=20
      style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">share</SPAN> (S), <SPAN=20
      style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">share row exclusive</SPAN> =
(SRX), and=20
      <SPAN style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">exclusive</SPAN> (X). =
The=20
      restrictiveness of a table lock's mode determines the modes in =
which other=20
      table locks on the same table can be obtained and =
held.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=B1=ED=BC=B6=CB=F8=BE=DF=D3=D0=D2=D4=CF=C2=BC=B8=D6=D6=C4=A3=
=CA=BD=A3=BA=D0=D0=B9=B2=CF=ED=A3=A8row=20
      share=A3=ACRS=A3=A9=A3=AC=D0=D0=C5=C5=CB=FB=A3=A8row =
exclusive=A3=ACRX=A3=A9=A3=AC=B9=B2=CF=ED=A3=A8share=A3=ACS=A3=A9=A3=AC=B9=
=B2=CF=ED=D0=D0=C5=C5=CB=FB=A3=A8share row=20
      =
exclusive=A3=ACSRX=A3=A9=A3=AC=BC=B0=C5=C5=CB=FB=A3=A8exclusive=A3=ACX=A3=
=A9=A1=A3=B8=F7=D6=D6=C4=A3=CA=BD=B5=C4=B1=ED=BC=B6=CB=F8=BE=DF=D3=D0=B5=C4=
=CF=DE=D6=C6=BC=B6=B1=F0=BE=F6=B6=A8=C1=CB=C6=E4=CA=C7=B7=F1=C4=DC=D3=EB=C6=
=E4=CB=FB=B1=ED=BC=B6=CB=F8=B9=B2=B4=A6=D3=DA=CD=AC=D2=BB=CA=FD=BE=DD=B1=ED=
=C9=CF=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">168</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%"><A=20
      =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/13.Data%20Concurrency=
%20and%20Consistency.htm#e.t.13.3"=20
      target=3D_self>Table 13-3</A> shows the table lock modes that =
statements=20
      acquire and operations that those locks permit and =
prohibit.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%"><A=20
      =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/13.Data%20Concurrency=
%20and%20Consistency.htm#c.t.13.3"=20
      target=3D_self>=B1=ED 13-3</A> =
=CF=D4=CA=BE=C1=CB=B8=F7=D6=D6=D3=EF=BE=E4=CB=F9=BB=F1=B5=C3=B5=C4=B1=ED=BC=
=B6=CB=F8=B5=C4=C4=A3=CA=BD=A3=AC=D2=D4=BC=B0=B4=CB=C4=A3=CA=BD=CF=C2=B1=BB=
=D4=CA=D0=ED=BB=F2=BD=FB=D6=B9=B5=C4=B2=D9=D7=F7=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR=
>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">169</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%"><I><B><FONT=20
      size=3D2><A name=3De.t.13.3></A>Table 13-3 Summary of Table=20
      Locks<BR>=A1=A1</FONT></B></I></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%"><A =
name=3Dc.t.13.3></A><I><B><FONT=20
      size=3D2>=B1=ED 13-3 =
=B1=ED=BC=B6=CB=F8=C4=A3=CA=BD=D7=DC=BD=E1</FONT></B></I></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">170</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <TABLE id=3Dtable24 cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D"100%" =
border=3D0>
        <TBODY>
        <TR>
          <TD colSpan=3D7>
            <HR>
          </TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"42%">=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"16%">=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop colSpan=3D5><FONT color=3D#0000ff><B>Lock =
Modes=20
            Permitted?<BR>=A1=A1</B></FONT></TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"42%"><FONT color=3D#0000ff><B>SQL=20
            Statement</B></FONT></TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"16%"><FONT color=3D#0000ff><B>Mode =
of Table=20
            Lock</B></FONT></TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"9%"><B><FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>RS</FONT></B></TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"10%"><B><FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>RX</FONT></B></TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"8%"><B><FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>S</FONT></B></TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"8%"><FONT =
color=3D#0000ff><B>SRX</B></FONT></TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"6%"><B><FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>X</FONT></B></TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop colSpan=3D7>
            <HR>
          </TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"42%"><FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>SELECT...FROM=20
            table...</FONT><BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"16%">none<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"9%">Y<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"10%">Y<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"8%">Y<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"8%">Y<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"6%">Y<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"42%"><FONT color=3D#0000ff>INSERT =
INTO table=20
            ...</FONT><BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"16%">RX<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"9%">Y<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"10%">Y<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"8%">N<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"8%">N<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"6%">N<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"42%"><FONT color=3D#0000ff>UPDATE =
table=20
            ...</FONT><BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"16%">RX<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"9%">Y*<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"10%">Y*<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"8%">N<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"8%">N<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"6%">N<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"42%"><FONT color=3D#0000ff>DELETE =
FROM table=20
            ...</FONT><BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"16%">RX<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"9%">Y*<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"10%">Y*<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"8%">N<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"8%">N<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"6%">N<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"42%"><FONT color=3D#0000ff>SELECT =
... FROM table=20
            FOR UPDATE OF ...</FONT><BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"16%">RS<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"9%">Y*<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"10%">Y*<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"8%">Y*<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"8%">Y*<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"6%">N<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"42%"><FONT color=3D#0000ff>LOCK =
TABLE table IN=20
            ROW SHARE MODE</FONT><BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"16%">RS<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"9%">Y<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"10%">Y<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"8%">Y<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"8%">Y<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"6%">N<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"42%"><FONT color=3D#0000ff>LOCK =
TABLE table IN=20
            ROW EXCLUSIVE MODE</FONT><BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"16%">RX<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"9%">Y<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"10%">Y<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"8%">N<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"8%">N<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"6%">N<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"42%"><FONT color=3D#0000ff>LOCK =
TABLE table IN=20
            SHARE MODE</FONT><BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"16%">S<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"9%">Y<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"10%">N<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"8%">Y<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"8%">N<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"6%">N<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"42%"><FONT color=3D#0000ff>LOCK =
TABLE table IN=20
            SHARE ROW EXCLUSIVE MODE</FONT><BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"16%">SRX<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"9%">Y<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"10%">N<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"8%">N<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"8%">N<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"6%">N<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"42%"><FONT color=3D#0000ff>LOCK =
TABLE table IN=20
            EXCLUSIVE MODE</FONT><BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"16%">X<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"9%">N<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"10%">N<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"8%">N<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"8%">N<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop =
width=3D"6%">N<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <TABLE id=3Dtable30 cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D"100%" =
border=3D0>
        <TBODY>
        <TR>
          <TD colSpan=3D7>
            <HR>
          </TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"42%">=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"20%">=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop colSpan=3D5><FONT=20
            =
color=3D#0000ff><B>=B7=F1=D4=CA=D0=ED=CB=F8=B2=D9=D7=F7=A3=BF<BR>=A1=A1</=
B></FONT></TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"42%"><FONT color=3D#0000ff><B>SQL=20
          =D3=EF=BE=E4</B></FONT></TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"20%"><FONT=20
color=3D#0000ff><B>=B1=ED=BC=B6=CB=F8=C4=A3=CA=BD</B></FONT></TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"8%"><B><FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>RS</FONT></B></TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"8%"><B><FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>RX</FONT></B></TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"7%"><B><FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>S</FONT></B></TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"8%"><FONT =
color=3D#0000ff><B>SRX</B></FONT></TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"6%"><B><FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>X</FONT></B></TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop colSpan=3D7>
            <HR>
          </TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"42%"><FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>SELECT...FROM=20
            table...</FONT><BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"20%">=CE=DE<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"8%">Y<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"8%">Y<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"7%">Y<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"8%">Y<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"6%">Y<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"42%"><FONT color=3D#0000ff>INSERT =
INTO table=20
            ...</FONT><BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"20%">RX<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"8%">Y<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"8%">Y<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"7%">N<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"8%">N<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"6%">N<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"42%"><FONT color=3D#0000ff>UPDATE =
table=20
            ...</FONT><BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"20%">RX<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"8%">Y*<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"8%">Y*<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"7%">N<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"8%">N<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"6%">N<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"42%"><FONT color=3D#0000ff>DELETE =
FROM table=20
            ...</FONT><BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"20%">RX<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"8%">Y*<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"8%">Y*<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"7%">N<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"8%">N<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"6%">N<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"42%"><FONT color=3D#0000ff>SELECT =
... FROM table=20
            <BR>FOR UPDATE OF ...</FONT><BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"20%">RS<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"8%">Y*<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"8%">Y*<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"7%">Y*<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"8%">Y*<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"6%">N<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"42%"><FONT color=3D#0000ff>LOCK =
TABLE table IN=20
            ROW SHARE MODE</FONT><BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"20%">RS<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"8%">Y<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"8%">Y<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"7%">Y<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"8%">Y<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"6%">N<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"42%"><FONT color=3D#0000ff>LOCK =
TABLE table IN=20
            ROW EXCLUSIVE MODE</FONT><BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"20%">RX<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"8%">Y<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"8%">Y<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"7%">N<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"8%">N<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"6%">N<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"42%"><FONT color=3D#0000ff>LOCK =
TABLE table IN=20
            <BR>SHARE MODE</FONT><BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"20%">S<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"8%">Y<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"8%">N<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"7%">Y<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"8%">N<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"6%">N<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"42%"><FONT color=3D#0000ff>LOCK =
TABLE table IN=20
            <BR>SHARE ROW EXCLUSIVE MODE</FONT><BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"20%">SRX<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"8%">Y<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"8%">N<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"7%">N<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"8%">N<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"6%">N<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"42%"><FONT color=3D#0000ff>LOCK =
TABLE table IN=20
            EXCLUSIVE MODE</FONT><BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"20%">X<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"8%">N<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"8%">N<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"7%">N<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"8%">N<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop =
width=3D"6%">N<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">171</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>RS: row share<BR><BR>RX: row exclusive<BR><BR>S:=20
        share<BR><BR>SRX: share row exclusive<BR><BR>X: =
exclusive<BR><BR>*Yes,=20
        if no conflicting row locks are held by another transaction. =
Otherwise,=20
        waits occur.</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>RS: =D0=D0=B9=B2=CF=ED<BR><BR>RX: =
=D0=D0=C5=C5=CB=FB<BR><BR>S: =B9=B2=CF=ED<BR><BR>SRX:=20
        =B9=B2=CF=ED=D0=D0=C5=C5=CB=FB<BR><BR>X: =
=C5=C5=CB=FB<BR><BR>*Y=A3=AC=B2=BB=D3=EB=C6=E4=CB=FB=CA=C2=CE=F1=B5=C4=D0=
=D0=BC=B6=CB=F8=B3=E5=CD=BB=CA=B1=B2=C5=D4=CA=D0=ED=A1=A3=B7=F1=D4=F2=BD=AB=
=B2=FA=C9=FA=B5=C8=B4=FD=A1=A3</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">172</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">The =
following=20
      sections explain each mode of table lock, from least restrictive =
to most=20
      restrictive. They also describe the actions that cause the =
transaction to=20
      acquire a table lock in that mode and which actions are permitted =
and=20
      prohibited in other transactions by a lock in that =
mode.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=D2=D4=CF=C2=B8=F7=BD=DA=BD=AB=BD=E2=CA=CD=B8=F7=D6=D6=C4=A3=
=CA=BD=B5=C4=B1=ED=BC=B6=CB=F8=A3=AC=BD=E9=C9=DC=B5=C4=CB=B3=D0=F2=B0=B4=B8=
=F7=C4=A3=CA=BD=B5=C4=CF=DE=D6=C6=B3=CC=B6=C8=D3=C9=B5=CD=B5=BD=B8=DF=C5=C5=
=C1=D0=A1=A3=CE=C4=D6=D0=BB=B9=BD=AB=BD=B2=CA=F6=B5=BC=D6=C2=CA=C2=CE=F1=BB=
=F1=B5=C3=B2=BB=CD=AC=C4=A3=CA=BD=B1=ED=BC=B6=CB=F8=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=
=B2=D9=D7=F7=A3=AC=D2=D4=BC=B0=B2=BB=CD=AC=C4=A3=CA=BD=B1=ED=BC=B6=CB=F8=B6=
=D4=C6=E4=CB=FB=CA=C2=CE=F1=D6=D0=B2=D9=D7=F7=B5=C4=D3=B0=CF=EC=A1=A3<BR>=
=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">173</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>See Also:</B><BR><BR>"<A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/13.Data%20Concurrency=
%20and%20Consistency.htm#e.13.3.7"=20
        target=3D_self>Explicit (Manual) Data Locking</A>" =
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>=C1=ED=BC=FB=A3=BA</B><BR><BR>=A1=B0<A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/13.Data%20Concurrency=
%20and%20Consistency.htm#c.13.3.7"=20
        =
target=3D_self>=CF=D4=CA=BD=A3=A8=CA=D6=B9=A4=A3=A9=B6=D4=CA=FD=BE=DD=BC=D3=
=CB=F8</A>=A1=B1</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">174</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3De.13.3.4.2.1></A>Row Share Table Locks =
(RS)</H4></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3Dc.13.3.4.2.1></A>13.3.4.2.1 =
=D0=D0=B9=B2=CF=ED=B1=ED=BC=B6=CB=F8=A3=A8RS=A3=A9</H4></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">175</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">A row =
share table=20
      lock (also sometimes called a <B><SPAN=20
      style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">subshare table lock</SPAN>, =
SS</B>)=20
      indicates that the transaction holding the lock on the table has =
locked=20
      rows in the table and intends to update them. A row share table =
lock is=20
      automatically acquired for a table when one of the following SQL=20
      statements is run:<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D0=D0=B9=B2=CF=ED=B1=ED=BC=B6=CB=F8=A3=A8row share table =
lock=A3=A9=A3=A8=D2=B2=B3=C6=CE=AA=20
      <B>subshare table =
lock=A3=ACSS</B>=A3=A9=B1=ED=C3=F7=D3=B5=D3=D0=B4=CB=CB=F8=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=
=F1=D2=D1=BE=AD=CB=F8=B6=A8=C1=CB=B1=ED=C4=DA=B5=C4 =
=C4=B3=D0=A9=CA=FD=BE=DD=D0=D0=A3=AC=B2=A2=D3=D0=D2=E2=B6=D4=CA=FD=BE=DD=D0=
=D0=BD=F8=D0=D0=B8=FC=D0=C2=B2=D9=D7=F7=A1=A3=B5=B1=D6=B4=D0=D0=D2=D4=CF=C2=
=20
      SQL =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=CA=B1=BD=AB=BB=F1=B5=C3=B1=ED=C9=CF=B5=C4=D0=D0=B9=B2=CF=ED=B1=
=ED=BC=B6=CB=F8=A3=BA<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">176</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>SELECT ... FROM table ... FOR UPDATE OF ... ; =
<BR><BR>LOCK=20
        TABLE table IN ROW SHARE MODE;</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>SELECT ... FROM table ... FOR UPDATE OF ... ; =
<BR><BR>LOCK=20
        TABLE table IN ROW SHARE MODE;</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">177</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">A row =
share table=20
      lock is the least restrictive mode of table lock, offering the =
highest=20
      degree of concurrency for a table.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=D0=D0=B9=B2=CF=ED=C4=A3=CA=BD=B5=C4=B1=ED=BC=B6=CB=F8=B5=C4=
=CF=DE=D6=C6=B3=CC=B6=C8=D7=EE=B5=CD=A3=AC=D2=F2=B6=F8=C4=DC=B9=BB=B1=A3=D6=
=A4=B1=ED=B5=C4=D7=EE=B4=F3=B5=C4=B2=A2=B7=A2=B7=C3=CE=CA=C4=DC=C1=A6=A1=A3=
<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">178</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Permitted=20
      Operations: A row share table lock held by a transaction allows =
other=20
      transactions to query, insert, update, delete, or lock rows =
concurrently=20
      in the same table. Therefore, other transactions can obtain =
simultaneous=20
      row share, row exclusive, share, and share row exclusive table =
locks for=20
      the same table.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=D4=CA=D0=ED=B5=C4=B2=D9=D7=F7=A3=BA=C4=B3=B8=F6=CA=C2=CE=F1=
=D3=B5=D3=D0=C1=CB=C4=B3=B8=F6=B1=ED=B5=C4=D0=D0=B9=B2=CF=ED=B1=ED=BC=B6=CB=
=F8=BA=F3=A3=AC=C6=E4=CB=FB=CA=C2=CE=F1=D2=C0=C8=BB=BF=C9=D2=D4=B2=A2=B7=A2=
=B5=D8=B6=D4=CF=E0=CD=AC=CA=FD=BE=DD=B1=ED=D6=B4=D0=D0=B2=E9=D1=AF=A3=AC=B2=
=E5=C8=EB=A3=AC=B8=FC=D0=C2=A3=AC=C9=BE=B3=FD=B2=D9=D7=F7=A3=AC=BB=F2=B6=D4=
=B1=ED=C4=DA=CA=FD=BE=DD=D0=D0=BC=D3=CB=F8=B5=C4=B2=D9=D7=F7=A1=A3=D2=B2=BE=
=CD=CA=C7=CB=B5=A3=AC=C6=E4=CB=FB=CA=C2=CE=F1=CD=AC=CA=B1=D2=B2=C4=DC=BB=F1=
=B5=C3=CF=E0=CD=AC=B1=ED=C9=CF=B5=C4=D0=D0=B9=B2=CF=ED=A3=AC=D0=D0=C5=C5=CB=
=FB=A3=AC=B9=B2=CF=ED=A3=AC=20
      =
=BC=B0=B9=B2=CF=ED=D0=D0=C5=C5=CB=FB=C4=A3=CA=BD=B5=C4=B1=ED=BC=B6=CB=F8=A1=
=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">179</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Prohibited=20
      Operations: A row share table lock held by a transaction prevents =
other=20
      transactions from exclusive write access to the same table using =
only the=20
      following statement:<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=BD=FB=D6=B9=B5=C4=B2=D9=D7=F7=A3=BA=C4=B3=B8=F6=CA=C2=CE=F1=
=D3=B5=D3=D0=C1=CB=C4=B3=B8=F6=B1=ED=B5=C4=D0=D0=B9=B2=CF=ED=B1=ED=BC=B6=CB=
=F8=BA=F3=A3=AC=D6=BB=BB=E1=BD=FB=D6=B9=C6=E4=CB=FB=CA=C2=CE=F1=CD=A8=B9=FD=
=D2=D4=CF=C2=D3=EF=BE=E4=C5=C5=CB=FB=B6=D4=CF=E0=CD=AC=B1=ED=BD=F8=D0=D0=D0=
=B4=B2=D9=D7=F7=A3=BA<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">180</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>LOCK TABLE table IN EXCLUSIVE MODE;</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>LOCK TABLE table IN EXCLUSIVE =
MODE;</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">181</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3De.13.3.4.2.2></A>Row Exclusive Table Locks =
(RX)</H4></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3Dc.13.3.4.2.2></A>13.3.4.2.2 =
=D0=D0=C5=C5=CB=FB=B1=ED=BC=B6=CB=F8=A3=A8RX=A3=A9</H4></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">182</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">A row =
exclusive=20
      table lock (also called a <B><SPAN=20
      style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">subexclusive table =
lock</SPAN>, SX</B>)=20
      generally indicates that the transaction holding the lock has made =
one or=20
      more updates to rows in the table. A row exclusive table lock is =
acquired=20
      automatically for a table modified by the following types of=20
      statements:<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D0=D0=C5=C5=CB=FB=B1=ED=BC=B6=CB=F8=A3=A8row exclusive =
table=20
      lock=A3=A9=A3=A8=D2=B2=B1=BB=B3=C6=CE=AA <B>subexclusive table =
lock,=20
      =
SX</B>=A3=A9=CD=A8=B3=A3=B1=ED=C3=F7=D3=B5=D3=D0=B4=CB=CB=F8=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=
=F1=D2=D1=BE=AD=B6=D4=B1=ED=C4=DA=B5=C4=C4=B3=D0=A9=CA=FD=BE=DD=D0=D0=BD=F8=
=D0=D0=C1=CB=B8=FC=D0=C2=B2=D9=D7=F7=A1=A3=B5=B1=CA=C2=CE=F1=CA=B9=D3=C3=D2=
=D4=CF=C2=D3=EF=BE=E4=D0=DE=B8=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=B1=ED=CA=B1=BD=AB=D7=D4=B6=AF=
=B5=D8=BB=F1=B5=C3=D0=D0=C5=C5=CB=FB=B1=ED=BC=B6=CB=F8=A3=BA<BR>=A1=A1</T=
D></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">183</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>INSERT INTO table ... ; <BR><BR>UPDATE table ... ;=20
        <BR><BR>DELETE FROM table ... ; <BR><BR>LOCK TABLE table IN ROW=20
        EXCLUSIVE MODE; </BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>INSERT INTO table ... ; <BR><BR>UPDATE table ... ;=20
        <BR><BR>DELETE FROM table ... ; <BR><BR>LOCK TABLE table IN ROW=20
        EXCLUSIVE MODE; </BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">184</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">A row =
exclusive=20
      table lock is slightly more restrictive than a row share table=20
    lock.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D0=D0=C5=C5=CB=FB=B1=ED=BC=B6=CB=F8=B1=C8=D0=D0=B9=B2=CF=ED=
=B1=ED=BC=B6=CB=F8=A3=A8row share table=20
      =
lock=A3=A9=B5=C4=CF=DE=D6=C6=B3=CC=B6=C8=C2=D4=B8=DF=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD>=
</TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">185</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Permitted=20
      Operations: A row exclusive table lock held by a transaction =
allows other=20
      transactions to query, insert, update, delete, or lock rows =
concurrently=20
      in the same table. Therefore, row exclusive table locks allow =
multiple=20
      transactions to obtain simultaneous row exclusive and row share =
table=20
      locks for the same table.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=D4=CA=D0=ED=B5=C4=B2=D9=D7=F7=A3=BA=C4=B3=B8=F6=CA=C2=CE=F1=
=D3=B5=D3=D0=C1=CB=C4=B3=B8=F6=B1=ED=B5=C4=D0=D0=C5=C5=CB=FB=B1=ED=BC=B6=CB=
=F8=BA=F3=A3=AC=C6=E4=CB=FB=CA=C2=CE=F1=D2=C0=C8=BB=BF=C9=D2=D4=B2=A2=B7=A2=
=B5=D8=B6=D4=CF=E0=CD=AC=CA=FD=BE=DD=B1=ED=D6=B4=D0=D0=B2=E9=D1=AF=A3=AC=B2=
=E5=C8=EB=A3=AC=B8=FC=D0=C2=A3=AC=C9=BE=B3=FD=B2=D9=D7=F7=A3=AC=BB=F2=B6=D4=
=B1=ED=C4=DA=CA=FD=BE=DD=D0=D0=BC=D3=CB=F8=B5=C4=B2=D9=D7=F7=A1=A3=BC=B4=D0=
=D0=C5=C5=CB=FB=B1=ED=BC=B6=CB=F8=D4=CA=D0=ED=C6=E4=CB=FB=B6=E0=B8=F6=CA=C2=
=CE=F1=CD=AC=CA=B1=BB=F1=B5=C3=CF=E0=CD=AC=B1=ED=C9=CF=B5=C4=20
      =
=D0=D0=B9=B2=CF=ED=B1=ED=BC=B6=CB=F8=BB=F2=D0=D0=C5=C5=CB=FB=B1=ED=BC=B6=CB=
=F8=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">186</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Prohibited=20
      Operations: A row exclusive table lock held by a transaction =
prevents=20
      other transactions from manually locking the table for exclusive =
reading=20
      or writing. Therefore, other transactions cannot concurrently lock =
the=20
      table using the following statements:<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=BD=FB=D6=B9=B5=C4=B2=D9=D7=F7=A3=BA=C4=B3=B8=F6=CA=C2=CE=F1=
=D3=B5=D3=D0=C1=CB=C4=B3=B8=F6=B1=ED=B5=C4=D0=D0=C5=C5=CB=FB=B1=ED=BC=B6=CB=
=F8=BA=F3=A3=AC=BD=AB=BD=FB=D6=B9=C6=E4=CB=FB=CA=C2=CE=F1=CA=D6=B9=A4=B5=D8=
=B6=D4=B1=ED=BC=D3=CB=F8=BD=F8=D0=D0=C5=C5=CB=FB=B5=D8=B6=C1=D0=B4=B2=D9=D7=
=F7=A1=A3=D2=F2=B4=CB=C6=E4=CB=FB=D3=EF=BE=E4=B2=BB=C4=DC=CA=B9=D3=C3=D2=D4=
=CF=C2=D3=EF=BE=E4=B2=A2=B7=A2=B5=D8=B6=D4=CF=E0=CD=AC=B1=ED=BC=D3=CB=F8=A3=
=BA<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">187</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>LOCK TABLE table IN SHARE MODE; <BR><BR>LOCK TABLE =
table IN=20
        SHARE EXCLUSIVE MODE; <BR><BR>LOCK TABLE table IN EXCLUSIVE =
MODE;=20
      </BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>LOCK TABLE table IN SHARE MODE; <BR><BR>LOCK TABLE =
table IN=20
        SHARE EXCLUSIVE MODE; <BR><BR>LOCK TABLE table IN EXCLUSIVE =
MODE;=20
      </BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">188</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3De.13.3.4.2.3></A>Share Table Locks (S)</H4></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3Dc.13.3.4.2.3></A>13.3.4.2.3 =
=B9=B2=CF=ED=B1=ED=BC=B6=CB=F8=A3=A8S=A3=A9</H4>
      <P>=A1=A1</P></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">189</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">A =
share table lock=20
      is acquired automatically for the table specified in the following =

      statement:<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=CA=B9=D3=C3=D2=D4=CF=C2=D3=EF=BE=E4=C4=DC=B9=BB=BB=F1=B5=C3=
=B1=ED=C9=CF=B5=C4=B9=B2=CF=ED=B1=ED=BC=B6=CB=F8=A3=A8share table=20
      lock=A3=A9=A3=BA<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">190</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>LOCK TABLE table IN SHARE MODE; </BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>LOCK TABLE table IN SHARE MODE;</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">191</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Permitted=20
      Operations: A share table lock held by a transaction allows other=20
      transactions only to query the table, to lock specific rows with =
<FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>SELECT ... FOR UPDATE</FONT>, or to run <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>LOCK TABLE ... IN SHARE MODE</FONT> statements =
successfully.=20
      No updates are allowed by other transactions. Multiple =
transactions can=20
      hold share table locks for the same table concurrently. In this =
case, no=20
      transaction can update the table (even if a transaction holds row =
locks as=20
      the result of a <FONT color=3D#0000ff>SELECT</FONT> statement with =
the <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>FOR UPDATE</FONT> clause). Therefore, a =
transaction that has=20
      a share table lock can update the table only if no other =
transactions also=20
      have a share table lock on the same table.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=D4=CA=D0=ED=B5=C4=B2=D9=D7=F7=A3=BA=C4=B3=B8=F6=CA=C2=CE=F1=
=D3=B5=D3=D0=C1=CB=C4=B3=B8=F6=B1=ED=B5=C4=B9=B2=CF=ED=B1=ED=BC=B6=CB=F8=BA=
=F3=A3=AC=C6=E4=CB=FB=CA=C2=CE=F1=BF=C9=D2=D4=B2=E9=D1=AF=B1=ED=A3=AC=BF=C9=
=D2=D4=CA=B9=D3=C3 <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>SELECT ... FOR UPDATE</FONT> =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=CB=F8=B6=A8=D1=A1=D6=D0=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=D0=D0=A3=AC=D2=B2=C4=
=DC=B9=BB=B3=C9=B9=A6=D6=B4=D0=D0 <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>LOCK TABLE ... IN SHARE MODE</FONT>=20
      =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=A1=A3=B5=AB=C6=E4=CB=FB=CA=C2=CE=F1=B2=BB=C4=DC=B6=D4=B1=ED=BD=
=F8=D0=D0=B8=FC=D0=C2=B2=D9=D7=F7=A1=A3=B6=E0=B8=F6=CA=C2=CE=F1=BF=C9=D2=D4=
=B2=A2=B7=A2=B5=D8=BB=F1=B5=C3=CD=AC=D2=BB=B8=F6=B1=ED=C9=CF=B5=C4=B9=B2=CF=
=ED=B1=ED=BC=B6=CB=F8=A3=AC=D4=DA=B4=CB=D6=D6=C7=E9=BF=F6=CF=C2=C8=CE=BA=CE=
=CA=C2=CE=F1=B6=BC=B2=BB=C4=DC=B6=D4=B1=ED=BD=F8=D0=D0=B8=FC=D0=C2=A3=A8=BC=
=B4=B1=E3=CA=C2=CE=F1=CD=A8=B9=FD <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>SELECT ... FOR UPDATE</FONT>=20
      =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=BB=F1=B5=C3=C1=CB=D0=D0=BC=B6=CB=F8=D2=B2=B2=BB=D0=D0=A3=A9=A1=
=A3=D2=F2=B4=CB=A3=AC=D3=B5=D3=D0=B9=B2=CF=ED=B1=ED=BC=B6=CB=F8=B5=C4=CA=C2=
=CE=F1=D6=BB=D3=D0=D4=DA=B4=CB=B1=ED=C9=CF=C3=BB=D3=D0=C6=E4=CB=FB=CA=C2=CE=
=F1=B5=C4=B9=B2=CF=ED=B1=ED=BC=B6=CB=F8=CA=B1=A3=AC=B2=C5=C4=DC=B6=D4=B1=ED=
=BD=F8=D0=D0=B8=FC=D0=C2=B2=D9=D7=F7=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">192</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Prohibited=20
      Operations: A share table lock held by a transaction prevents =
other=20
      transactions from modifying the same table and from executing the=20
      following statements:<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=BD=FB=D6=B9=B5=C4=B2=D9=D7=F7=A3=BA=C4=B3=B8=F6=CA=C2=CE=F1=
=D3=B5=D3=D0=C1=CB=C4=B3=B8=F6=B1=ED=B5=C4=B9=B2=CF=ED=B1=ED=BC=B6=CB=F8=BA=
=F3=A3=AC=BD=AB=BD=FB=D6=B9=C6=E4=CB=FB=CA=C2=CE=F1=D0=DE=B8=C4=B4=CB=B1=ED=
=A3=AC=CD=AC=CA=B1=BD=FB=D6=B9=C6=E4=CB=FB=CA=C2=CE=F1=D6=B4=D0=D0=D2=D4=CF=
=C2=D3=EF=BE=E4=A3=BA<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">193</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>LOCK TABLE table IN SHARE ROW EXCLUSIVE MODE; =
<BR><BR>LOCK=20
        TABLE table IN EXCLUSIVE MODE; <BR><BR>LOCK TABLE table IN ROW =
EXCLUSIVE=20
        MODE; </BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>LOCK TABLE table IN ROW EXCLUSIVE MODE; <BR><BR>LOCK =
TABLE=20
        table IN SHARE ROW EXCLUSIVE MODE; <BR><BR>LOCK TABLE table IN =
EXCLUSIVE=20
        MODE; </BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">194</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3De.13.3.4.2.4></A>Share Row Exclusive Table Locks =
(SRX)</H4></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3Dc.13.3.4.2.4></A>13.3.4.2.4 =
=B9=B2=CF=ED=D0=D0=C5=C5=CB=FB=B1=ED=BC=B6=CB=F8=A3=A8SRX=A3=A9</H4></TD>=
</TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">195</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">A =
share row=20
      exclusive table lock (also sometimes called a <B><SPAN=20
      style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">share-subexclusive table =
lock</SPAN>,=20
      SSX</B>) is more restrictive than a share table lock. A share row=20
      exclusive table lock is acquired for a table as =
follows:<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=B9=B2=CF=ED=D0=D0=C5=C5=CB=FB=B1=ED=BC=B6=CB=F8=A3=A8share=
 row exclusive table=20
      lock=A3=A9=A3=A8=D2=B2=B3=C6=CE=AA <B>share-subexclusive table =
lock=A3=ACSSX</B>=A3=A9=D3=EB=B9=B2=CF=ED=B1=ED=BC=B6=CB=F8=A3=A8share =
table=20
      =
lock=A3=A9=CF=E0=B1=C8=CF=DE=D6=C6=B8=FC=CE=AA=D1=CF=B8=F1=A1=A3=D3=C3=BB=
=A7=BF=C9=D2=D4=CA=B9=D3=C3=D2=D4=CF=C2=D3=EF=BE=E4=BB=F1=B5=C3=B9=B2=CF=ED=
=D0=D0=C5=C5=CB=FB=B1=ED=BC=B6=CB=F8=A3=BA<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">196</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>LOCK TABLE table IN SHARE ROW EXCLUSIVE MODE; =
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>LOCK TABLE table IN SHARE ROW EXCLUSIVE=20
  MODE;</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">197</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Permitted=20
      Operations: Only one transaction at a time can acquire a share row =

      exclusive table lock on a given table. A share row exclusive table =
lock=20
      held by a transaction allows other transactions to query or lock =
specific=20
      rows using <FONT color=3D#0000ff>SELECT</FONT> with the <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>FOR UPDATE</FONT> clause, but not to update the=20
    table.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=D4=CA=D0=ED=B5=C4=B2=D9=D7=F7=A3=BA=CD=AC=D2=BB=CA=B1=BC=E4=
=D6=BB=D3=D0=D2=BB=B8=F6=CA=C2=CE=EF=C4=DC=B9=BB=BB=F1=B5=C3=B1=ED=B5=C4=B9=
=B2=CF=ED=D0=D0=C5=C5=CB=FB=B1=ED=BC=B6=CB=F8=A1=A3=C4=B3=B8=F6=CA=C2=CE=F1=
=D3=B5=D3=D0=C1=CB=C4=B3=B8=F6=B1=ED=B5=C4=B9=B2=CF=ED=D0=D0=C5=C5=CB=FB=B1=
=ED=BC=B6=CB=F8=BA=F3=A3=AC=C6=E4=CB=FB=CA=C2=CE=F1=BF=C9=D2=D4=B2=E9=D1=AF=
=B1=ED=A3=AC=BF=C9=D2=D4=CA=B9=D3=C3=20
      <FONT color=3D#0000ff>SELECT ... FOR UPDATE</FONT>=20
      =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=CB=F8=B6=A8=D1=A1=D6=D0=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=D0=D0=A3=AC=B5=AB=B2=
=BB=C4=DC=B6=D4=B1=ED=BD=F8=D0=D0=B8=FC=D0=C2=B2=D9=D7=F7=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1=
</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">198</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Prohibited=20
      Operations: A share row exclusive table lock held by a transaction =

      prevents other transactions from obtaining row exclusive table =
locks and=20
      modifying the same table. A share row exclusive table lock also =
prohibits=20
      other transactions from obtaining share, share row exclusive, and=20
      exclusive table locks, which prevents other transactions from =
executing=20
      the following statements:<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=BD=FB=D6=B9=B5=C4=B2=D9=D7=F7=A3=BA=D3=B5=D3=D0=B9=B2=CF=ED=
=D0=D0=C5=C5=CB=FB=B1=ED=BC=B6=CB=F8=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=BD=AB=D7=E8=D6=B9=C6=
=E4=CB=FB=CA=C2=CE=F1=BB=F1=C8=A1=D0=D0=C5=C5=CB=FB=B1=ED=BC=B6=CB=F8=A3=A8=
row exclusive table=20
      =
lock=A3=A9=C0=B4=D0=DE=B8=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=A1=A3=B9=B2=CF=ED=D0=D0=C5=C5=CB=
=FB=B1=ED=BC=B6=CB=F8=BB=B9=C4=DC=D7=E8=D6=B9=C6=E4=CB=FB=CA=C2=CE=F1=D4=DA=
=CF=E0=CD=AC=B1=ED=C9=CF=BB=F1=C8=A1=B9=B2=CF=ED=B1=ED=BC=B6=CB=F8=A3=A8s=
hare table =
lock=A3=A9=A3=AC=B9=B2=CF=ED=D0=D0=C5=C5=CB=FB=B1=ED=BC=B6=CB=F8=A3=A8sha=
re=20
      row exclusive table =
lock=A3=A9=A3=AC=BC=B0=C5=C5=CB=FB=B1=ED=BC=B6=CB=F8=A3=A8exclusive =
table=20
      =
lock=A3=A9=A1=A3=B8=C5=C0=A8=C0=B4=CB=B5=A3=AC=C6=E4=CB=FB=CA=C2=CE=F1=B2=
=BB=C4=DC=D6=B4=D0=D0=D2=D4=CF=C2=D3=EF=BE=E4=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">199</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>LOCK TABLE table IN SHARE MODE; <BR><BR>LOCK TABLE =
table IN=20
        SHARE ROW EXCLUSIVE MODE; <BR><BR>LOCK TABLE table IN ROW =
EXCLUSIVE=20
        MODE; <BR><BR>LOCK TABLE table IN EXCLUSIVE MODE; =
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>LOCK TABLE table IN ROW EXCLUSIVE MODE;<BR><BR>LOCK =
TABLE=20
        table IN SHARE MODE; <BR><BR>LOCK TABLE table IN SHARE ROW =
EXCLUSIVE=20
        MODE;&nbsp; <BR><BR>LOCK TABLE table IN EXCLUSIVE MODE;=20
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">200</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3De.13.3.4.2.5></A>Exclusive Table Locks (X)</H4></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3Dc.13.3.4.2.5></A>13.3.4.2.5 =
=C5=C5=CB=FB=B1=ED=BC=B6=CB=F8=A3=A8X=A3=A9</H4></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">201</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">An =
exclusive table=20
      lock is the most restrictive mode of table lock, allowing the =
transaction=20
      that holds the lock exclusive write access to the table. An =
exclusive=20
      table lock is acquired for a table as follows:<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=C5=C5=CB=FB=B1=ED=BC=B6=CB=F8=A3=A8exclusive table=20
      =
lock=A3=A9=CA=C7=CF=DE=D6=C6=B3=CC=B6=C8=D7=EE=B8=DF=B5=C4=B1=ED=BC=B6=CB=
=F8=A3=AC=CB=FD=C4=DC=CA=B9=BB=F1=B5=C3=B4=CB=CB=F8=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=C5=C5=
=CB=FB=B5=D8=B6=D4=B1=ED=BD=F8=D0=D0=D0=B4=B2=D9=D7=F7=A1=A3=C5=C5=CB=FB=B1=
=ED=BC=B6=CB=F8=BF=C9=D2=D4=CA=B9=D3=C3=D2=D4=CF=C2=D3=EF=BE=E4=BB=F1=B5=C3=
=A3=BA<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">202</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>LOCK TABLE table IN EXCLUSIVE MODE; </BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>LOCK TABLE table IN EXCLUSIVE MODE; =
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">203</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Permitted=20
      Operations: Only one transaction can obtain an exclusive table =
lock for a=20
      table. An exclusive table lock permits other transactions only to =
query=20
      the table.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=D4=CA=D0=ED=B5=C4=B2=D9=D7=F7=A3=BA=CD=AC=D2=BB=CA=B1=BC=E4=
=D6=BB=D3=D0=D2=BB=B8=F6=CA=C2=CE=F1=C4=DC=BB=F1=B5=C3=B1=ED=C9=CF=B5=C4=C5=
=C5=CB=FB=B1=ED=BC=B6=CB=F8=A1=A3=D2=BB=B8=F6=CA=C2=CE=F1=BB=F1=B5=C3=C5=C5=
=CB=FB=B1=ED=BC=B6=CB=F8=BA=F3=A3=AC=C6=E4=CB=FB=CA=C2=CE=F1=D6=BB=C4=DC=B6=
=D4=B1=ED=BD=F8=D0=D0=B2=E9=D1=AF=B2=D9=D7=F7=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">204</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Prohibited=20
      Operations: An exclusive table lock held by a transaction =
prohibits other=20
      transactions from performing any type of DML statement or placing =
any type=20
      of lock on the table.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=BD=FB=D6=B9=B5=C4=B2=D9=D7=F7=A3=BA=D2=BB=B8=F6=CA=C2=CE=F1=
=BB=F1=B5=C3=C5=C5=CB=FB=B1=ED=BC=B6=CB=F8=BA=F3=A3=AC=BD=AB=BD=FB=D6=B9=C6=
=E4=CB=FB=CA=C2=CE=F1=B6=D4=B1=ED=D6=B4=D0=D0=C8=CE=BA=CE DML=20
      =
=B2=D9=D7=F7=A3=AC=C6=E4=CB=FB=CA=C2=CE=F1=D2=B2=CE=DE=B7=A8=BB=F1=C8=A1=B1=
=ED=C9=CF=C8=CE=BA=CE=C0=E0=D0=CD=B5=C4=CB=F8=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">205</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3De.13.3.4.3></A>DML Locks Automatically Acquired for =
DML=20
      Statements</H3></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3Dc.13.3.4.3></A>13.3.4.3 =D6=B4=D0=D0 DML =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=CA=B1=D7=D4=B6=AF=BB=F1=B5=C3=B5=C4 DML =
=CB=F8</H3></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">206</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">The =
previous=20
      sections explained the different types of data locks, the modes in =
which=20
      they can be held, when they can be obtained, when they are =
obtained, and=20
      what they prohibit. The following sections summarize how Oracle=20
      automatically locks data on behalf of different DML =
operations.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=C7=B0=C1=BD=D0=A1=BD=DA=BD=B2=CA=F6=C1=CB=B2=BB=CD=AC=C0=E0=
=D0=CD=B5=C4 DML=20
      =
=CB=F8=A3=AC=CB=F8=B5=C4=B2=BB=CD=AC=C4=A3=CA=BD=A3=AC=BA=CE=CA=B1=D0=E8=D2=
=AA=BB=F1=B5=C3=CB=F8=A3=AC=BA=CE=CA=B1=CB=F8=BF=C9=D2=D4=B1=BB=BB=F1=B5=C3=
=A3=AC=CB=F8=BD=FB=D6=B9=BA=CE=D6=D6=B2=D9=D7=F7=A1=A3=B1=BE=BD=DA=BD=AB=BD=
=B2=CA=F6=D6=B4=D0=D0=B2=BB=CD=AC=B5=C4 DML =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=CA=B1=A3=ACOracle=20
      =
=C8=E7=BA=CE=D7=D4=B6=AF=B5=D8=B6=D4=CA=FD=BE=DD=BC=D3=CB=F8=A1=A3<BR>=A1=
=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">207</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%"><A=20
      =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/13.Data%20Concurrency=
%20and%20Consistency.htm#e.t.13.4"=20
      target=3D_self>Table 13-4</A> summarizes the information in the =
following=20
      sections.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%"><A=20
      =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/13.Data%20Concurrency=
%20and%20Consistency.htm#c.t.13.4"=20
      target=3D_self>=B1=ED 13-4</A> =
=CA=C7=B6=D4=B1=BE=D0=A1=BD=DA=B5=C4=D2=BB=B8=F6=D7=DC=BD=E1=A1=A3<BR>=A1=
=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">208</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%"><I><B><FONT=20
      size=3D2><A name=3De.t.13.4></A>Table 13-4 Locks Obtained By DML=20
      Statements<BR>=A1=A1</FONT></B></I></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%"><A =
name=3Dc.t.13.4></A><I><B><FONT=20
      size=3D2>=B1=ED 13-4 DML =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=BB=F1=C8=A1=B5=C4=CB=F8</FONT></B></I></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">209</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <TABLE id=3Dtable25 cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D"100%" =
border=3D0>
        <TBODY>
        <TR>
          <TD colSpan=3D3>
            <HR>
          </TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"66%"><B><FONT color=3D#0000ff>DML=20
            Statement</FONT></B></TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"14%"><B><FONT color=3D#0000ff>Row=20
            Locks?</FONT></B></TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"20%"><B><FONT color=3D#0000ff>Mode =
of Table=20
            Lock</FONT></B></TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop colSpan=3D3>
            <HR>
          </TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"66%"><FONT color=3D#0000ff>SELECT =
... FROM=20
            table</FONT><BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"14%">=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"20%">=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"66%"><FONT color=3D#0000ff>INSERT =
INTO table=20
            ...</FONT><BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"14%">X<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"20%">RX<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"66%"><FONT color=3D#0000ff>UPDATE =
table=20
            ...</FONT><BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"14%">X<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"20%">RX<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"66%"><FONT color=3D#0000ff>DELETE =
FROM table=20
            ...</FONT><BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"14%">X<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"20%">RX<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"66%"><FONT color=3D#0000ff>SELECT =
... FROM table=20
            ... FOR UPDATE OF ...</FONT><BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"14%">X<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"20%">RS<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"66%"><FONT color=3D#0000ff>LOCK =
TABLE table IN=20
            ...<BR>=A1=A1</FONT></TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"14%">=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"20%">=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"66%"><FONT color=3D#0000ff>ROW SHARE =

            MODE</FONT><BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"14%">=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"20%">RS<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"66%"><FONT color=3D#0000ff>ROW =
EXCLUSIVE=20
            MODE</FONT><BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"14%">=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"20%">RX<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"66%"><FONT color=3D#0000ff>SHARE=20
          MODE<BR>=A1=A1</FONT></TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"14%">=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"20%">S</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"66%"><FONT color=3D#0000ff>SHARE =
EXCLUSIVE=20
            MODE<BR>=A1=A1</FONT></TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"14%">=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"20%">SRX</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"66%"><FONT color=3D#0000ff>EXCLUSIVE =

            MODE<BR>=A1=A1</FONT></TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"14%">=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop =
width=3D"20%">X</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <TABLE id=3Dtable31 cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D"100%" =
border=3D0>
        <TBODY>
        <TR>
          <TD colSpan=3D3>
            <HR>
          </TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"54%"><B><FONT color=3D#0000ff>DML=20
            </FONT></B><FONT =
color=3D#0000ff><B>=D3=EF=BE=E4</B></FONT></TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"26%"><FONT=20
            =
color=3D#0000ff><B>=CA=C7=B7=F1=B4=E6=D4=DA<BR>=D0=D0=BC=B6=CB=F8</B></FO=
NT></TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"20%"><FONT=20
            =
color=3D#0000ff><B>=B1=ED=BC=B6=CB=F8=B5=C4<BR>=C4=A3=CA=BD</B></FONT></T=
D></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop colSpan=3D3>
            <HR>
          </TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"54%"><FONT color=3D#0000ff>SELECT =
... FROM=20
            table</FONT><BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"26%">=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"20%">=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"54%"><FONT color=3D#0000ff>INSERT =
INTO table=20
            ...</FONT><BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"26%">X<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"20%">RX<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"54%"><FONT color=3D#0000ff>UPDATE =
table=20
            ...</FONT><BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"26%">X<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"20%">RX<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"54%"><FONT color=3D#0000ff>DELETE =
FROM table=20
            ...</FONT><BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"26%">X<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"20%">RX<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"54%"><FONT color=3D#0000ff>SELECT =
... FROM table=20
            ... FOR UPDATE OF ...</FONT><BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"26%">X<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"20%">RS<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"54%"><FONT color=3D#0000ff>LOCK =
TABLE table IN=20
            ...<BR>=A1=A1</FONT></TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"26%">=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"20%">=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"54%"><FONT color=3D#0000ff>ROW SHARE =

            MODE</FONT><BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"26%">=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"20%">RS<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"54%"><FONT color=3D#0000ff>ROW =
EXCLUSIVE=20
            MODE</FONT><BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"26%">=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"20%">RX<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"54%"><FONT color=3D#0000ff>SHARE=20
          MODE<BR>=A1=A1</FONT></TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"26%">=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"20%">S</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"54%"><FONT color=3D#0000ff>SHARE =
EXCLUSIVE=20
            MODE<BR>=A1=A1</FONT></TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"26%">=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"20%">SRX</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"54%"><FONT color=3D#0000ff>EXCLUSIVE =

            MODE<BR>=A1=A1</FONT></TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"26%">=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop =
width=3D"20%">X</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">210</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>X: exclusive<BR><BR>RX: row exclusive<BR><BR>RS: row=20
        share<BR><BR>S: share<BR><BR>SRX: share row =
exclusive</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>RS: =D0=D0=B9=B2=CF=ED<BR><BR>RX: =
=D0=D0=C5=C5=CB=FB<BR><BR>S: =B9=B2=CF=ED<BR><BR>SRX:=20
        =B9=B2=CF=ED=D0=D0=C5=C5=CB=FB<BR><BR>X: =
=C5=C5=CB=FB</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">211</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3De.13.3.4.3.1></A>Default Locking for =
Queries</H4></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3Dc.13.3.4.3.1></A>13.3.4.3.1 =
=B2=E9=D1=AF=B2=D9=D7=F7=C4=AC=C8=CF=BB=F1=C8=A1=B5=C4=CB=F8</H4></TD></T=
R>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">212</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Queries are the SQL=20
      statements least likely to interfere with other SQL statements =
because=20
      they only read data. <FONT color=3D#0000ff>INSERT</FONT>, <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>UPDATE</FONT>, and <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>DELETE</FONT>=20
      statements can have implicit queries as part of the statement. =
Queries=20
      include the following kinds of statements:<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D6=B4=D0=D0=B2=E9=D1=AF=A3=A8query=A3=A9=B5=C4 SQL =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=B2=BB=D2=D7=D3=EB=C6=E4=CB=FB SQL=20
      =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=B3=E5=CD=BB=A3=AC=D2=F2=CE=AA=B2=E9=D1=AF=D6=BB=D0=E8=B6=C1=C8=
=A1=CA=FD=BE=DD=A1=A3=B3=FD=C1=CB <FONT color=3D#0000ff>SELECT</FONT> =
=D6=AE=CD=E2=A3=AC<FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>INSERT</FONT>=A3=AC<FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>UPDATE</FONT>=A3=AC=BC=B0 <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>DELETE</FONT> =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=D6=D0=D2=B2=BF=C9=C4=DC=B0=FC=BA=AC=D2=FE=CA=BD=B5=C4=B2=E9=D1=
=AF=A1=A3=D2=F2=B4=CB=A3=AC=D2=D4=CF=C2=D3=EF=BE=E4=B6=BC=CA=F4=D3=DA=B2=E9=
=D1=AF=B2=D9=D7=F7=A3=BA<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">213</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>SELECT <BR><BR>INSERT ... SELECT ... ; <BR><BR>UPDATE =
... ;=20
        <BR><BR>DELETE ... ; </BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>SELECT <BR><BR>INSERT ... SELECT ... ; <BR><BR>UPDATE =
... ;=20
        <BR><BR>DELETE ... ; </BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">214</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">They =
do not include=20
      the following statement:<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=B5=AB=CA=C7=D2=D4=CF=C2=D3=EF=BE=E4=B2=BB=CA=F4=D3=DA=B2=E9=
=D1=AF=B2=D9=D7=F7=A3=BA<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">215</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>SELECT ... FOR UPDATE OF ... ; </BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>SELECT ... FOR UPDATE OF ... ;</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">216</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">The =
following=20
      characteristics are true of all queries that do not use the <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>FOR UPDATE</FONT> clause:
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">A query acquires no data =
locks.=20
        Therefore, other transactions can query and update a table being =

        queried, including the specific rows being queried. Because =
queries=20
        lacking <FONT color=3D#0000ff>FOR UPDATE</FONT> clauses do not =
acquire any=20
        data locks to block other operations, such queries are often =
referred to=20
        in Oracle as <B>nonblocking queries</B>.=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">A query does not have to wait =
for any=20
        data locks to be released; it can always proceed. (Queries may =
have to=20
        wait for data locks in some very specific cases of pending =
distributed=20
        transactions.) </LI></UL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=B2=E9=D1=AF=B2=D9=D7=F7=BE=DF=B1=B8=D2=D4=CF=C2=CC=D8=D0=D4=
=A3=BA
      <UL>
        <LI=20
        style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=B2=E9=D1=AF=CE=DE=D0=E8=BB=F1=C8=A1=CA=FD=BE=DD=CB=F8=A1=A3=D2=F2=B4=
=CB=B5=B1=C4=B3=CA=C2=CE=F1=B2=E9=D1=AF=CA=FD=BE=DD=B1=ED=CA=B1=A3=AC=C6=E4=
=CB=FB=CA=C2=CE=F1=BF=C9=D2=D4=B2=A2=B7=A2=B5=D8=B2=E9=D1=AF=A1=A2=B8=FC=D0=
=C2=CD=AC=D2=BB=B8=F6=B1=ED=A3=AC=B0=FC=C0=A8=B4=CB=B1=ED=D6=D0=D5=FD=D4=DA=
=B1=BB=B2=E9=D1=AF=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=D0=D0=A1=A3=C3=BB=D3=D0=CA=B9=D3=C3 =

        <FONT color=3D#0000ff>FOR UPDATE</FONT> =D7=D3=BE=E4=B5=C4 <FONT =

        color=3D#0000ff>SELECT</FONT> =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=CE=DE=D0=E8=BB=F1=C8=A1=C8=CE=BA=CE=CA=FD=BE=DD=CB=F8=A3=AC=D2=
=F2=B4=CB=D2=B2=B2=BB=BB=E1=D7=E8=C8=FB=C8=CE=BA=CE=B2=D9=D7=F7=A3=AC=B4=CB=
=C0=E0=B2=E9=D1=AF=D4=DA Oracle=20
        =
=D6=D0=B1=BB=B3=C6=CE=AA<B>=B7=C7=D7=E8=C8=FB=B2=E9=D1=AF</B>=A3=A8nonblo=
cking query=A3=A9=A1=A3=20
        <LI=20
        style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=D6=B4=D0=D0=B2=E9=D1=AF=D2=B2=B2=BB=CA=DC=CA=FD=BE=DD=CB=F8=B5=C4=CF=
=DE=D6=C6=A1=A3=A3=A8=D4=DA=C4=B3=D0=A9=CC=D8=CA=E2=C7=E9=BF=F6=CF=C2=A3=AC=
=B2=E9=D1=AF=D0=E8=D2=AA=B5=C8=B4=FD=B9=D2=C6=F0=B5=C4=B7=D6=B2=BC=CA=BD=CA=
=C2=CE=F1=CB=F9=D3=B5=D3=D0=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=CB=F8=A3=A9=20
        </LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">217</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3De.13.3.4.3.2></A>Default Locking for INSERT, UPDATE, =
DELETE,=20
      and SELECT ... FOR UPDATE</H4></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3Dc.13.3.4.3.2></A>13.3.4.3.2 =
INSERT=A3=ACUPDATE=A3=ACDELETE=A3=AC=BC=B0 SELECT ...=20
      FOR UPDATE =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=C4=AC=C8=CF=BB=F1=C8=A1=B5=C4=CB=F8</H4></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">218</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">The =
locking=20
      characteristics of <FONT color=3D#0000ff>INSERT</FONT>, <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>UPDATE</FONT>, <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>DELETE</FONT>, and <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>SELECT ... FOR UPDATE</FONT> statements are as =
follows:
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">The transaction that contains =
a DML=20
        statement acquires exclusive row locks on the rows modified by =
the=20
        statement. Other transactions cannot update or delete the locked =
rows=20
        until the locking transaction either commits or rolls back.=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">The transaction that contains =
a DML=20
        statement does not need to acquire row locks on any rows =
selected by a=20
        subquery or an implicit query, such as a query in a <FONT=20
        color=3D#0000ff>WHERE</FONT> clause. A subquery or implicit =
query in a DML=20
        statement is guaranteed to be consistent as of the start of the =
query=20
        and does not see the effects of the DML statement it is part of. =

        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">A query in a transaction can =
see the=20
        changes made by previous DML statements in the same transaction, =
but=20
        cannot see the changes of other transactions begun after its own =

        transaction.=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">In addition to the necessary =
exclusive=20
        row locks, a transaction that contains a DML statement acquires =
at least=20
        a row exclusive table lock on the table that contains the =
affected rows.=20
        If the containing transaction already holds a share, share row=20
        exclusive, or exclusive table lock for that table, the row =
exclusive=20
        table lock is not acquired. If the containing transaction =
already holds=20
        a row share table lock, Oracle automatically converts this lock =
to a row=20
        exclusive table lock. </LI></UL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%"><FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>INSERT</FONT>=A3=AC<FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>UPDATE</FONT>=A3=AC<FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>DELETE</FONT>=A3=AC=BC=B0 <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>SELECT ... FOR=20
      UPDATE</FONT> =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=C4=AC=C8=CF=BB=F1=C8=A1=B5=C4=CB=F8=D3=D0=D2=D4=CF=C2=CC=D8=B5=
=E3=A3=BA
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">=B0=FC=BA=AC DML=20
        =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=D0=E8=D2=AA=BB=F1=B5=C3=B1=BB=C6=E4=D0=DE=B8=
=C4=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=D0=D0=C9=CF=B5=C4=C5=C5=CB=FB=D0=D0=BC=B6=CB=F8=A3=A8=
exclusive row=20
        =
lock=A3=A9=A1=A3=D4=DA=D3=B5=D3=D0=CB=F8=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=CC=E1=BD=BB=BB=
=F2=BB=D8=B9=F6=C7=B0=A3=AC=C6=E4=CB=FB=CA=C2=CE=F1=B2=BB=C4=DC=B8=FC=D0=C2=
=BB=F2=C9=BE=B3=FD=B1=BB=BC=D3=CB=F8=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=D0=D0=A1=A3=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=CA=C2=CE=F1=CE=DE=D0=E8=BB=F1=C8=A1 DML=20
        =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=C4=DA=B5=C4=D7=D3=B2=E9=D1=AF=A3=A8subquery=A3=A9=BB=F2=D2=FE=
=CA=BD=B2=E9=D1=AF=A3=A8implicit query=A3=A9=A3=A8=C0=FD=C8=E7 <FONT=20
        color=3D#0000ff>WHERE</FONT> =
=D7=D3=BE=E4=C4=DA=B5=C4=B2=E9=D1=AF=A3=A9=CB=F9=D1=A1=D4=F1=B5=C4=D0=D0=C9=
=CF=B5=C4=D0=D0=BC=B6=CB=F8=A1=A3DML=20
        =
=C4=DA=B5=C4=D7=D3=B2=E9=D1=AF=BB=F2=D2=FE=CA=BD=B2=E9=D1=AF=BB=F1=B5=C3=B5=
=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=CF=E0=B6=D4=B2=E9=D1=AF=BF=AA=CA=BC=B5=C4=CA=B1=BC=E4=B5=E3=
=C2=FA=D7=E3=D2=BB=D6=C2=D0=D4=A3=AC=D5=E2=D0=A9=B2=E9=D1=AF=B2=BB=BB=E1=BF=
=B4=B5=BD DML =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=D7=D4=C9=ED=B6=D4=CA=FD=BE=DD=B5=C4=D3=B0=CF=EC=A1=A3=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=CA=C2=CE=F1=C4=DA=B5=C4=B2=E9=D1=AF=C4=DC=B9=BB=BF=B4=B5=BD=B1=BE=CA=
=C2=CE=F1=C4=DA=D6=AE=C7=B0=D6=B4=D0=D0=B5=C4 DML=20
        =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=B6=D4=CA=FD=BE=DD=B5=C4=D0=DE=B8=C4=A3=AC=B5=AB=CE=DE=B7=A8=BF=
=B4=B5=BD=B1=BE=CA=C2=CE=F1=BF=AA=CA=BC=BA=F3=D6=B4=D0=D0=B5=C4=C6=E4=CB=FB=
=CA=C2=CE=F1=B6=D4=CA=FD=BE=DD=B5=C4=D0=DE=B8=C4=A1=A3=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">=CA=C2=CE=F1=C4=DA=B5=C4 DML =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=B3=FD=C1=CB=D0=E8=D2=AA=BB=F1=B5=C3=B1=D8=D2=AA=B5=C4=C5=C5=CB=
=FB=D0=D0=BC=B6=CB=F8=A3=A8exclusive row=20
        =
lock=A3=A9=CD=E2=A3=AC=D6=C1=C9=D9=BB=B9=D0=E8=BB=F1=B5=C3=B0=FC=BA=AC=B1=
=BB=D0=DE=B8=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=D0=D0=B5=C4=B1=ED=C9=CF=B5=C4=D0=D0=C5=C5=CB=FB=
=B1=ED=BC=B6=CB=F8=A3=A8row exclusive table=20
        =
lock=A3=A9=A1=A3=C8=E7=B9=FB=CA=C2=CE=F1=D2=D1=BE=AD=BB=F1=B5=C3=C1=CB=CF=
=E0=B9=D8=B1=ED=C9=CF=B5=C4=B9=B2=CF=ED=B1=ED=BC=B6=CB=F8=A3=A8share=A3=A9=
=A3=AC=B9=B2=CF=ED=D0=D0=C5=C5=CB=FB=B1=ED=BC=B6=CB=F8=A3=A8share row=20
        =
exclusive=A3=A9=A3=AC=BB=F2=C5=C5=CB=FB=B1=ED=BC=B6=CB=F8=A3=A8exclusive=A3=
=A9=A3=AC=C4=C7=C3=B4=BE=CD=CE=DE=D0=E8=BB=F1=C8=A1=D0=D0=C5=C5=CB=FB=B1=ED=
=BC=B6=CB=F8=C1=CB=A1=A3=C8=E7=B9=FB=CA=C2=CE=F1=D2=D1=BE=AD=BB=F1=B5=C3=C1=
=CB=CF=E0=B9=D8=B1=ED=C9=CF=B5=C4=D0=D0=B9=B2=CF=ED=B1=ED=BC=B6=CB=F8=A3=A8=
row=20
        share table lock=A3=A9=A3=ACOracle =
=BD=AB=D7=D4=B6=AF=B5=D8=BD=AB=B4=CB=CB=F8=D7=AA=BB=BB=CE=AA=D0=D0=C5=C5=CB=
=FB=B1=ED=BC=B6=CB=F8=A1=A3 </LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">219</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H2><A name=3De.13.3.5></A>DDL Locks</H2></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H2><A name=3Dc.13.3.5></A>13.3.5 DDL =CB=F8</H2></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">220</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">A data =
dictionary=20
      lock (DDL) protects the definition of a schema object while that =
object is=20
      acted upon or referred to by an ongoing DDL operation. <SPAN=20
      style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">Recall that a DDL statement =
implicitly=20
      commits its transaction.</SPAN> For example, assume that a user =
creates a=20
      procedure. On behalf of the user's single-statement transaction, =
Oracle=20
      automatically acquires DDL locks for all schema objects referenced =
in the=20
      procedure definition. The DDL locks prevent objects referenced in =
the=20
      procedure from being altered or dropped before the procedure =
compilation=20
      is complete.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=CA=FD=BE=DD=D7=D6=B5=E4=CB=F8=A3=A8data dictionary=20
      lock=A3=ACDDL=A3=A9=B5=C4=D7=F7=D3=C3=CA=C7=D4=DA=D6=B4=D0=D0 DDL =
=B2=D9=D7=F7=CA=B1=B6=D4=B1=BB=D0=DE=B8=C4=B5=C4=B7=BD=B0=B8=B6=D4=CF=F3=BB=
=F2=C6=E4=D2=FD=D3=C3=B6=D4=CF=F3=B5=C4=B6=A8=D2=E5=BD=F8=D0=D0=B1=A3=BB=A4=
=A1=A3=B9=DC=C0=ED=D4=B1=BC=B0=BF=AA=B7=A2=D5=DF=D3=A6=B8=C3=D2=E2=CA=B6=B5=
=BD DDL=20
      =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=BD=AB=BB=E1=D2=FE=CA=BD=B5=D8=CC=E1=BD=BB=D2=BB=B8=F6=CA=C2=CE=
=F1=A1=A3=C0=FD=C8=E7=A3=AC=D3=C3=BB=A7=B4=B4=BD=A8=D2=BB=B8=F6=B4=E6=B4=A2=
=B9=FD=B3=CC=CA=B1=A3=AC=CF=E0=B5=B1=D3=DA=D6=B4=D0=D0=D2=BB=B8=F6=D6=BB=B0=
=FC=BA=AC=D2=BB=CC=F5 SQL =D3=EF=BE=E4=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=A3=ACOracle=20
      =
=BB=E1=D7=D4=B6=AF=BB=F1=C8=A1=B9=FD=B3=CC=B6=A8=D2=E5=D6=D0=CB=F9=D2=FD=D3=
=C3=B5=C4=CB=F9=D3=D0=B7=BD=B0=B8=B6=D4=CF=F3=B5=C4 DDL =CB=F8=A1=A3DDL =
=CB=F8=C4=DC=B9=BB=B7=C0=D6=B9=B1=E0=D2=EB=C6=DA=BC=E4=B9=FD=B3=CC=CB=F9=D2=
=FD=D3=C3=B5=C4=B6=D4=CF=F3=B1=BB=C6=E4=CB=FB=CA=C2=CE=F1=D0=DE=B8=C4=BB=F2=
=D2=C6=B3=FD=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">221</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle =
acquires a=20
      dictionary lock automatically on behalf of any DDL transaction =
requiring=20
      it. Users cannot explicitly request DDL locks. Only individual =
schema=20
      objects that are modified or referenced are locked during DDL =
operations.=20
      The whole data dictionary is never locked.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">=B5=B1 DDL =
=CA=C2=CE=F1=D0=E8=D2=AA=CA=B1 Oracle=20
      =
=BD=AB=D7=D4=B6=AF=B5=D8=CE=AA=C6=E4=BB=F1=C8=A1=CA=FD=BE=DD=D7=D6=B5=E4=CB=
=F8=A1=A3=D3=C3=BB=A7=B2=BB=C4=DC=CF=D4=CA=BE=B5=D8=BB=F1=C8=A1 DDL =
=CB=F8=A1=A3=D6=BB=D3=D0=D4=DA DDL=20
    =
=B2=D9=D7=F7=D6=D0=B1=BB=D0=DE=B8=C4=BB=F2=D2=FD=D3=C3=B5=C4=B6=D4=CF=F3=B2=
=C5=BB=E1=B1=BB=BC=D3=CB=F8=A3=AC=D5=FB=B8=F6=CA=FD=BE=DD=D7=D6=B5=E4=B2=BB=
=BB=E1=B1=BB=BC=D3=CB=F8=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">222</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">DDL =
locks fall into=20
      three categories: exclusive DDL locks, share DDL locks, and =
breakable=20
      parse locks.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">DDL =
=CB=F8=BF=C9=D2=D4=B7=D6=CE=AA=C8=FD=C0=E0=A3=BA=C5=C5=CB=FB DDL =
=CB=F8=A3=A8exclusive DDL=20
      lock=A3=A9=A3=AC=B9=B2=CF=ED DDL =CB=F8=A3=A8share DDL =
lock=A3=A9=A3=AC=BC=B0=BF=C9=BD=E2=B3=FD=B5=C4=BD=E2=CE=F6=CB=F8=A3=A8bre=
akable parse lock=A3=A9=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">223</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3De.13.3.5.1></A>Exclusive DDL Locks</H3></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3Dc.13.3.5.1></A>13.3.5.1 =C5=C5=CB=FB DDL =
=CB=F8</H3></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">224</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Most =
DDL operations,=20
      except for those listed in the section "<A=20
      =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/13.Data%20Concurrency=
%20and%20Consistency.htm#e.13.3.5.2"=20
      target=3D_self>Share DDL Locks</A>", require exclusive DDL locks =
for a=20
      resource to prevent destructive interference with other DDL =
operations=20
      that might modify or reference the same schema object. For =
example, a=20
      <FONT color=3D#0000ff>DROP TABLE</FONT> operation is not allowed =
to drop a=20
      table while an <FONT color=3D#0000ff>ALTER TABLE</FONT> operation =
is adding=20
      a column to it, and vice versa.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=B3=FD=C1=CB=D4=DA=A1=B0=B9=B2=CF=ED DDL =
=CB=F8=A1=B1=D2=BB=BD=DA=C1=D0=B3=F6=B5=C4=B2=D9=D7=F7=CD=E2=A3=AC=B4=F3=B2=
=BF=B7=D6 DDL=20
      =
=B2=D9=D7=F7=B6=BC=D0=E8=D2=AA=BB=F1=B5=C3=CF=E0=B9=D8=D7=CA=D4=B4=C9=CF=B5=
=C4=C5=C5=CB=FB DDL =CB=F8=A3=A8exclusive DDL =
lock=A3=A9=A3=AC=B4=D3=B6=F8=B7=C0=D6=B9=C6=E4=CB=FB=BF=C9=C4=DC=D0=DE=B8=
=C4=BB=F2=D2=FD=D3=C3=CF=E0=CD=AC=B7=BD=B0=B8=B6=D4=CF=F3=B5=C4 DDL=20
      =
=B2=D9=D7=F7=B4=F8=C0=B4=B5=C4=C6=C6=BB=B5=D0=D4=B5=C4=B3=E5=CD=BB=A1=A3=C0=
=FD=C8=E7=A3=AC=B5=B1 <FONT color=3D#0000ff>ALTER TABLE</FONT> =
=B2=D9=D7=F7=CE=AA=B1=ED=CC=ED=BC=D3=CA=FD=BE=DD=C1=D0=CA=B1=A3=AC=B2=BB=D4=
=CA=D0=ED=20
      <FONT color=3D#0000ff>DROP TABLE</FONT> =
=B2=D9=D7=F7=BD=AB=B4=CB=B1=ED=D2=C6=B3=FD=A3=AC=B7=B4=D6=AE=D2=E0=C8=BB=A1=
=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">225</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">During =
the=20
      acquisition of an exclusive DDL lock, if another DDL lock is =
already held=20
      on the schema object by another operation, the acquisition waits =
until the=20
      older DDL lock is released and then proceeds.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">=D4=DA=BB=F1=C8=A1 DDL =
=CB=F8=B5=C4=B9=FD=B3=CC=D6=D0=A3=AC=C8=E7=B9=FB=C6=E4=CB=FB=B2=D9=D7=F7=D2=
=D1=BE=AD=BB=F1=C8=A1=C1=CB=CF=E0=B9=D8=B7=BD=B0=B8=B6=D4=CF=F3=C9=CF=B5=C4=
=20
      DDL =CB=F8=A3=AC=D4=F2=BB=F1=C8=A1 DDL =
=CB=F8=B5=C4=B2=D9=D7=F7=D6=BB=D3=D0=D4=DA=D2=D1=D3=D0=B5=C4 DDL =
=CB=F8=B1=BB=CA=CD=B7=C5=BA=F3=C4=DC =
=BC=CC=D0=F8=D6=B4=D0=D0=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">226</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">DDL operations also acquire =
DML locks=20
      (data locks) on the schema object to be =
modified.<BR>=A1=A1</SPAN></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">DDL =
=B2=D9=D7=F7=BB=B9=D0=E8=D2=AA=BB=F1=C8=A1=B1=BB=D0=DE=B8=C4=B7=BD=B0=B8=B6=
=D4=CF=F3=C9=CF=B5=C4 DML=20
    =CB=F8=A3=A8=CA=FD=BE=DD=CB=F8=A3=A9=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">227</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3De.13.3.5.2></A>Share DDL Locks</H3></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3Dc.13.3.5.2></A>13.3.5.2 =B9=B2=CF=ED DDL =
=CB=F8</H3></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">228</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Some =
DDL operations=20
      require share DDL locks for a resource to prevent destructive =
interference=20
      with conflicting DDL operations, but allow data concurrency for =
similar=20
      DDL operations. For example, when a <FONT color=3D#0000ff>CREATE=20
      PROCEDURE</FONT> statement is run, the containing transaction =
acquires=20
      share DDL locks for all referenced tables. Other transactions can=20
      concurrently create procedures that reference the same tables and=20
      therefore acquire concurrent share DDL locks on the same tables, =
but no=20
      transaction can acquire an exclusive DDL lock on any referenced =
table. No=20
      transaction can alter or drop a referenced table. As a result, a=20
      transaction that holds a share DDL lock is guaranteed that the =
definition=20
      of the referenced schema object will remain constant for the =
duration of=20
      the transaction.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">=C4=B3=D0=A9 DDL =
=B2=D9=D7=F7=D0=E8=D2=AA=BB=F1=C8=A1=CF=E0=B9=D8=D7=CA=D4=B4=C9=CF=B5=C4=B9=
=B2=CF=ED DDL =CB=F8=A3=A8share=20
      DDL lock=A3=A9=D2=D4=B7=C0=D6=B9=D3=EB=D6=AE=B3=E5=CD=BB=B5=C4 DDL =
=B2=D9=D7=F7=D4=EC=B3=C9=C6=C6=BB=B5=D0=D4=B5=C4=B8=C9=C8=C5=A3=AC=B5=AB=D3=
=EB=D6=AE=C0=E0=CB=C6=B5=C4 DDL =
=B2=D9=D7=F7=BF=C9=D2=D4=B2=A2=B7=A2=B5=D8=B7=C3=CE=CA=CA=FD=BE=DD=A3=AC=B2=
=BB=CA=DC=B9=B2=CF=ED DDL=20
      =CB=F8=B5=C4=CF=DE=D6=C6=A1=A3=C0=FD=C8=E7=A3=AC=D6=B4=D0=D0 <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>CREATE PROCEDURE</FONT> =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=CA=B1=A3=AC=CA=C2=CE=F1=BD=AB=BB=F1=C8=A1=CB=F9=D3=D0=D2=FD=D3=
=C3=B6=D4=CF=F3=C9=CF=B5=C4=B9=B2=CF=ED=20
      DDL =
=CB=F8=A1=A3=B4=CB=CA=B1=A3=AC=C6=E4=CB=FB=CA=C2=CE=F1=BF=C9=D2=D4=B2=A2=B7=
=A2=B5=D8=BB=F1=C8=A1=CF=E0=CD=AC=B1=ED=C9=CF=B5=C4=B9=B2=CF=ED DDL =
=CB=F8=B2=A2=B4=B4=BD=A8=D2=FD=D3=C3=C1=CB=CF=E0=CD=AC=B1=ED=B5=C4=B9=FD=B3=
=CC=A1=A3=B5=AB=C8=CE=BA=CE=CA=C2=CE=F1=B6=BC=CE=DE=B7=A8=BB=F1=C8=A1=B1=BB=
=D2=FD=D3=C3=B1=ED=C9=CF=B5=C4=C5=C5=CB=FB DDL=20
      =CB=F8=A3=A8exclusive DDL =
lock=A3=A9=A3=AC=BC=B4=C8=CE=BA=CE=CA=C2=CE=F1=B6=BC=CE=DE=B7=A8=B6=D4=B1=
=ED=BD=F8=D0=D0=D0=DE=B8=C4=BB=F2=D2=C6=B3=FD=B2=D9=D7=F7=A1=A3=D2=F2=B4=CB=
=BB=F1=B5=C3=C1=CB=B9=B2=CF=ED DDL=20
      =
=CB=F8=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=C4=DC=B9=BB=B1=A3=D6=A4=D4=DA=C6=E4=D6=B4=D0=D0=C6=
=DA=BC=E4=A3=AC=CB=F9=D3=D0=D2=FD=D3=C3=B6=D4=CF=F3=B5=C4=B6=A8=D2=E5=B2=BB=
=BB=E1=B1=BB=D0=DE=B8=C4=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">229</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">A =
share DDL lock is=20
      acquired on a schema object for DDL statements that include the =
following=20
      statements: <FONT color=3D#0000ff>AUDIT</FONT>, <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>NOAUDIT</FONT>, <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>COMMENT</FONT>, <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>CREATE [OR REPLACE] VIEW</FONT>/ <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>PROCEDURE</FONT>/<FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>PACKAGE</FONT>/<FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>PACKAGE BODY</FONT>/<FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>FUNCTION</FONT>/=20
      <FONT color=3D#0000ff>TRIGGER</FONT>, <FONT color=3D#0000ff>CREATE =

      SYNONYM</FONT>, and <FONT color=3D#0000ff>CREATE TABLE</FONT> =
(when the=20
      <FONT color=3D#0000ff>CLUSTER</FONT> parameter is not =
included).<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">=D6=B4=D0=D0=D2=D4=CF=C2 =
DDL =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=CA=B1=A3=AC=D0=E8=D2=AA=BB=F1=C8=A1=D2=FD=D3=C3=B6=D4=CF=F3=C9=
=CF=B5=C4=B9=B2=CF=ED DDL=20
      =CB=F8=A3=BA<FONT color=3D#0000ff>AUDIT</FONT>=A3=AC<FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>NOAUDIT</FONT>=A3=AC<FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>COMMENT</FONT>=A3=AC<FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>CREATE [OR REPLACE] VIEW</FONT>/ <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>PROCEDURE</FONT>/<FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>PACKAGE</FONT>/<FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>PACKAGE BODY</FONT>/<FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>FUNCTION</FONT>/=20
      <FONT color=3D#0000ff>TRIGGER=A3=ACCREATE =
SYNONYM</FONT>=A3=AC=BC=B0 <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>CREATE TABLE</FONT>=A3=A8=C3=BB=D3=D0=CA=B9=D3=C3 =
<FONT color=3D#0000ff>CLUSTER</FONT>=20
      =B2=CE=CA=FD=CA=B1=A3=A9=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">230</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3De.13.3.5.3></A>Breakable Parse Locks</H3></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3Dc.13.3.5.3></A>13.3.5.3 =
=BF=C9=BD=E2=B3=FD=B5=C4=BD=E2=CE=F6=CB=F8</H3></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">231</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">A SQL =
statement (or=20
      PL/SQL program unit) in the shared pool holds a parse lock for =
each schema=20
      object it references. Parse locks are acquired so that the =
associated=20
      shared SQL area can be invalidated if a referenced object is =
altered or=20
      dropped. A parse lock does not disallow any DDL operation and can =
be=20
      broken to allow conflicting DDL operations, hence the name <SPAN=20
      style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">breakable parse =
lock</SPAN>.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=CE=BB=D3=DA=B9=B2=CF=ED=B3=D8=A3=A8shared =
pool=A3=A9=C4=DA=B5=C4 SQL =D3=EF=BE=E4=A3=A8=BB=F2 PL/SQL=20
      =
=B3=CC=D0=F2=BD=E1=B9=B9=A3=A9=D3=B5=D3=D0=C6=E4=D2=FD=D3=C3=B5=C4=CB=F9=D3=
=D0=B7=BD=B0=B8=B6=D4=CF=F3=C9=CF=B5=C4=BD=E2=CE=F6=CB=F8=A3=A8parse =
lock=A3=A9=A1=A3=BD=E2=CE=F6=CB=F8=B5=C4=D7=F7=D3=C3=CA=C7=A3=AC=B5=B1=B9=
=B2=CF=ED SQL =C7=F8=A3=A8shared SQL=20
      =
area=A3=A9=CB=F9=D2=FD=D3=C3=B5=C4=B6=D4=CF=F3=B1=BB=D0=DE=B8=C4=BB=F2=D2=
=C6=B3=FD=BA=F3=A3=AC=B4=CB=B9=B2=CF=ED SQL =
=C7=F8=C4=DC=B9=BB=B1=BB=D6=C3=CE=AA=CE=DE=D0=A7=A1=A3=BD=E2=CE=F6=CB=F8=B2=
=BB=BB=E1=BD=FB=D6=B9=C8=CE=BA=CE DDL =
=B2=D9=D7=F7=A3=AC=B5=B1=B3=F6=CF=D6=D3=EB=BD=E2=CE=F6=CB=F8=B3=E5=CD=BB=B5=
=C4 DDL=20
      =
=B2=D9=D7=F7=CA=B1=A3=AC=BD=E2=CE=F6=CB=F8=BD=AB=B1=BB=BD=E2=B3=FD=A3=AC=D2=
=F2=B4=CB=D2=B2=B3=C6=D6=AE=CE=AA=BF=C9=BD=E2=B3=FD=B5=C4=BD=E2=CE=F6=CB=F8=
=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">232</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">A =
parse lock is=20
      acquired during the parse phase of SQL statement execution and =
held as=20
      long as the shared SQL area for that statement remains in the =
shared=20
      pool.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=BD=E2=CE=F6=CB=F8=CA=C7=D4=DA SQL =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=D6=B4=D0=D0=B5=C4=BD=E2=CE=F6=BD=D7=B6=CE=A3=A8parse=20
      phase=A3=A9=BB=F1=B5=C3=B5=C4=A3=AC=D4=DA=B9=B2=CF=ED SQL =
=C7=F8=B1=BB=C7=E5=B3=FD=B3=F6=B9=B2=CF=ED=B3=D8=A3=A8shared =
pool=A3=A9=C7=B0=D2=BB=D6=B1=B1=A3=B3=D6=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">233</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>See Also:</B><BR><BR>Chapter 6, "<A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/06.Dependencies%20Amo=
ng%20Schema%20Objects.htm">Dependencies=20
        Among Schema Objects</A>"</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>=C1=ED=BC=FB=A3=BA</B><BR><BR>=B5=DA 6 =
=D5=C2=A3=AC=A1=B0<A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/06.Dependencies%20Amo=
ng%20Schema%20Objects.htm">=B7=BD=B0=B8=B6=D4=CF=F3=BC=E4=B5=C4=D2=C0=C0=B5=
=D0=D4</A>=A1=B1</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">234</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3De.13.3.5.4></A>Duration of DDL Locks</H3></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3Dc.13.3.5.4></A>13.3.5.4 DDL =
=CB=F8=B5=C4=B3=D6=D0=F8=CA=B1=BC=E4</H3></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">235</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">The =
duration of a=20
      DDL lock depends on its type. Exclusive and share DDL locks last =
for the=20
      duration of DDL statement execution and automatic commit. A parse =
lock=20
      persists as long as the associated SQL statement remains in the =
shared=20
      pool.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">DDL =
=CB=F8=B5=C4=B3=D6=D0=F8=CA=B1=BC=E4=C8=A1=BE=F6=D3=DA=C6=E4=C0=E0=D0=CD=A1=
=A3=B9=B2=CF=ED DDL =CB=F8=A3=A8share DDL=20
      lock=A3=A9=BC=B0=C5=C5=CB=FB DDL =CB=F8=A3=A8exclusive DDL =
lock=A3=A9=D4=DA DDL =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=D6=B4=D0=D0=C6=DA=BC=E4=D2=BB=D6=B1=B4=E6=D4=DA=A3=AC=D4=DA =
DDL=20
      =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=D7=D4=B6=AF=CC=E1=BD=BB=BA=F3=CA=CD=B7=C5=A1=A3=B6=F8=BD=E2=CE=
=F6=CB=F8=D2=BB=D6=B1=B4=E6=D4=DA=A3=AC=D6=B1=D6=C1=CF=E0=B9=D8=B5=C4=B9=B2=
=CF=ED SQL =
=C7=F8=B4=D3=B9=B2=CF=ED=B3=D8=D6=D0=B1=BB=C7=E5=B3=FD=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</T=
D></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">236</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3De.13.3.5.5></A>DDL Locks and Clusters</H3></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3Dc.13.3.5.5></A>13.3.5.5 DDL =
=CB=F8=D3=EB=B4=D8</H3></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">237</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">A DDL =
operation on a=20
      cluster acquires exclusive DDL locks on the cluster and on all =
tables and=20
      materialized views in the cluster. A DDL operation on a table or=20
      materialized view in a cluster acquires a share lock on the =
cluster, in=20
      addition to a share or exclusive DDL lock on the table or =
materialized=20
      view. The share DDL lock on the cluster prevents another operation =
from=20
      dropping the cluster while the first operation =
proceeds.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=B6=D4=B4=D8=A3=A8cluster=A3=A9=D6=B4=D0=D0=B5=C4 DDL=20
      =
=B2=D9=D7=F7=D0=E8=D2=AA=BB=F1=C8=A1=B4=D8=BC=B0=B4=D8=C4=DA=CB=F9=D3=D0=B1=
=ED=BC=B0=CE=EF=BB=AF=CA=D3=CD=BC=C9=CF=B5=C4=C5=C5=CB=FB DDL =
=CB=F8=A3=A8exclusive DDL =
lock=A3=A9=A1=A3=B6=D4=B4=D8=C4=DA=B1=ED=BC=B0=CE=EF=BB=AF=CA=D3=CD=BC=B5=
=C4 DDL=20
      =B2=D9=D7=F7=D0=E8=D2=AA=BB=F1=C8=A1=B4=D8=C9=CF=B5=C4=B9=B2=CF=ED =
DDL =CB=F8=A3=A8share DDL =
lock=A3=A9=A3=AC=D2=D4=BC=B0=B1=ED=BB=F2=CE=EF=BB=AF=CA=D3=CD=BC=C9=CF=B5=
=C4=B9=B2=CF=ED DDL =CB=F8=BB=F2=C5=C5=CB=FB DDL =
=CB=F8=A1=A3=B4=D8=C9=CF=B5=C4=B9=B2=CF=ED DDL=20
      =CB=F8=C4=DC=B9=BB=B7=C0=D6=B9=B2=D9=D7=F7=C6=DA=BC=E4=C6=E4=CB=FB =
DDL =B2=D9=D7=F7=BD=AB=B4=D8=D2=C6=B3=FD=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">238</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H2><A name=3De.13.3.6></A>Latches and Internal Locks</H2></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H2><A name=3Dc.13.3.6></A>13.3.6 =
=E3=C5=CB=F8=BC=B0=C4=DA=B2=BF=CB=F8</H2></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">239</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Latches and internal=20
      locks protect internal database and memory structures. Both are=20
      inaccessible to users, because users have no need to control over =
their=20
      occurrence or duration. The following section helps to interpret =
the=20
      Enterprise Manager <FONT color=3D#0000ff>LOCKS</FONT> and <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>LATCHES</FONT> monitors.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=E3=C5=CB=F8=A3=A8latche=A3=A9=BC=B0=C4=DA=B2=BF=CB=F8=A3=A8=
internal=20
      =
lock=A3=A9=B5=C4=D7=F7=D3=C3=CA=C7=B1=A3=BB=A4=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=BC=B0=C6=
=E4=C4=DA=B4=E6=BD=E1=B9=B9=A1=A3=D5=E2=C1=BD=D6=D6=CB=F8=B6=D4=D3=C3=BB=A7=
=BE=F9=B2=BB=BF=C9=BC=FB=A3=AC=D2=F2=CE=AA=D3=C3=BB=A7=CE=DE=D0=E8=B6=D4=CA=
=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=C4=DA=B2=BF=D7=CA=D4=B4=B5=C4=CA=B9=D3=C3=BD=F8=D0=D0=B9=DC=
=C0=ED=A1=A3=D2=D4=CF=C2=B8=F7=BD=DA=D3=D0=D6=FA=D3=DA=D3=C3=BB=A7=C0=ED=BD=
=E2=C6=F3=D2=B5=B9=DC=C0=ED=C6=F7=A3=A8Enterprise=20
      Manager=A3=A9=B5=C4<FONT color=3D#0000ff> LOCKS</FONT> =BC=B0 =
<FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>LATCHES</FONT> =
=BC=E0=CA=D3=C6=F7=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">240</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3De.13.3.6.1></A>Latches</H3></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3Dc.13.3.6.1></A>13.3.6.1 =E3=C5=CB=F8</H3></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">241</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Latches are simple,=20
      low-level serialization mechanisms to protect shared data =
structures in=20
      the system global area (SGA). For example, latches protect the =
list of=20
      users currently accessing the database and protect the data =
structures=20
      describing the blocks in the buffer cache. A server or background =
process=20
      acquires a latch for a very short time while manipulating or =
looking at=20
      one of these structures. <SPAN style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: =
#ffff00">The=20
      implementation of latches is operating system dependent, =
particularly in=20
      regard to whether and how long a process will wait for a=20
    latch.</SPAN><BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=E3=C5=CB=F8=A3=A8latche=A3=A9=CA=C7=D2=BB=D6=D6=BC=F2=B5=A5=
=B5=C4=B5=D7=B2=E3=B4=AE=D0=D0=BB=AF=BB=FA=D6=C6=A3=AC=D3=C3=D3=DA=B1=A3=BB=
=A4 SGA=20
      =
=C4=DA=B5=C4=B9=B2=CF=ED=CA=FD=BE=DD=BD=E1=B9=B9=A1=A3=C0=FD=C8=E7=A3=AC=D3=
=C3=D3=DA=BC=C7=C2=BC=B5=B1=C7=B0=D5=FD=D4=DA=B7=C3=CE=CA=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=
=B5=C4=D3=C3=BB=A7=B5=C4=C1=D0=B1=ED=A3=AC=BB=F2=D3=C3=D3=DA=BC=C7=C2=BC=CE=
=BB=D3=DA=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=BB=BA=B4=E6=A3=A8buffer=20
      =
cache=A3=A9=C4=DA=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E9=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=BD=E1=B9=B9=A3=
=AC=B6=BC=BF=C9=CD=A8=B9=FD=E3=C5=CB=F8=BD=F8=D0=D0=B1=A3=BB=A4=A1=A3=B5=B1=
=B7=FE=CE=F1=BD=F8=B3=CC=A3=A8background =
process=A3=A9=BB=F2=BA=F3=CC=A8=BD=F8=B3=CC=A3=A8server=20
      =
process=A3=A9=D0=E8=D2=AA=B2=D9=D7=F7=BB=F2=B2=E9=D1=AF=B4=CB=C0=E0=CA=FD=
=BE=DD=BD=E1=B9=B9=CA=B1=A3=AC=BE=CD=D0=E8=D2=AA=BB=F1=C8=A1=D2=BB=B8=F6=E3=
=C5=CB=F8=A3=AC=B5=AB=C6=E4=BC=D3=CB=F8=CA=B1=BC=E4=BC=AB=B6=CC=A1=A3=CB=A8=
=CB=F8=B5=C4=CA=B5=CF=D6=D3=EB=B2=D9=D7=F7=CF=B5=CD=B3=D3=D0=B9=D8=A3=AC=C0=
=FD=C8=E7=BD=F8=B3=CC=CA=C7=B7=F1=D0=E8=D2=AA=B5=C8=B4=FD=CB=A8=CB=F8=D2=D4=
=BC=B0=B5=C8=B4=FD=B6=E0=B3=A4=CA=B1=BC=E4=B5=C8=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR=
>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">242</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3De.13.3.6.2></A>Internal Locks</H3></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3Dc.13.3.6.2></A>13.3.6.2 =
=C4=DA=B2=BF=CB=F8</H3></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">243</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Internal locks are=20
      higher-level, more complex mechanisms than latches and serve a =
variety of=20
      purposes.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D3=EB=CB=A8=CB=F8=A3=A8latch=A3=A9=CF=E0=B1=C8=A3=AC=C4=DA=
=B2=BF=CB=F8=A3=A8internal=20
      =
lock=A3=A9=CA=C7=D2=BB=D6=D6=B8=FC=B8=DF=B2=E3=C7=D2=B8=FC=B8=B4=D4=D3=B5=
=C4=CB=F8=BB=FA=D6=C6=A3=AC=CB=FD=BE=DF=D3=D0=B6=E0=D6=D6=D3=C3=CD=BE=A1=A3=
<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">244</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3De.13.3.6.2.1></A>Dictionary Cache Locks</H4></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3Dc.13.3.6.2.1></A>13.3.6.2.1 =
=CA=FD=BE=DD=D7=D6=B5=E4=BB=BA=B4=E6=CB=F8</H4></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">245</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">These =
locks are of=20
      very short duration and are held on entries in dictionary caches =
while the=20
      entries are being modified or used. They guarantee that statements =
being=20
      parsed do not see inconsistent object definitions.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=B5=B1=D3=C3=BB=A7=B8=FC=D0=C2=BB=F2=CA=B9=D3=C3=CA=B1=CA=FD=
=BE=DD=D7=D6=B5=E4=BB=BA=B4=E6=C4=DA=B5=C4=CC=F5=C4=BF=A3=A8entry=A3=A9=CA=
=B1=A3=AC=D0=E8=D2=AA=BB=F1=C8=A1=CC=F5=C4=BF=C9=CF=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=D7=D6=
=B5=E4=BB=BA=B4=E6=CB=F8=A3=A8dictionary cache=20
      =
lock=A3=A9=A3=AC=B4=CB=C0=E0=CB=F8=B5=C4=B3=D6=D0=F8=CA=B1=BC=E4=BC=AB=B6=
=CC=A1=A3=B4=CB=C0=E0=CB=F8=B5=C4=D7=F7=D3=C3=CA=C7=C8=B7=B1=A3=D5=FD=D4=DA=
=B1=BB=BD=E2=CE=F6=B5=C4=D3=EF=BE=E4=B2=BB=BB=E1=BF=B4=B5=BD=B2=BB=D2=BB=D6=
=C2=B5=C4=B6=D4=CF=F3=B6=A8=D2=E5=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">246</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Dictionary cache=20
      locks can be shared or exclusive. Shared locks are released when =
the parse=20
      is complete. Exclusive locks are released when the DDL operation =
is=20
      complete.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=CA=FD=BE=DD=D7=D6=B5=E4=BB=BA=B4=E6=CB=F8=BF=C9=D2=D4=CE=AA=
=B9=B2=CF=ED=BB=F2=C5=C5=CB=FB=B5=C4=A1=A3=B5=B1=D3=EF=BE=E4=BD=E2=CE=F6=BD=
=E1=CA=F8=CA=B1=B9=B2=CF=ED=CB=F8=BD=AB=B1=BB=CA=CD=B7=C5=A3=AC=B6=F8=B5=B1=
=20
      DDL =
=B2=D9=D7=F7=BD=E1=CA=F8=CA=B1=C5=C5=CB=FC=CB=F8=BD=AB=B1=BB=CA=CD=B7=C5=A1=
=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">247</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3De.13.3.6.2.2></A>File and Log Management =
Locks</H4></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3Dc.13.3.6.2.2></A>13.3.6.2.2 =
=CE=C4=BC=FE=BC=B0=D6=D8=D7=F6=C8=D5=D6=BE=B9=DC=C0=ED=CB=F8</H4></TD></T=
R>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">248</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">These =
locks protect=20
      various files. For example, one lock protects the control file so =
that=20
      only one process at a time can change it. Another lock coordinates =
the use=20
      and archiving of the redo log files. Datafiles are locked to =
ensure that=20
      multiple instances mount a database in shared mode or that one =
instance=20
      mounts it in exclusive mode. Because file and log locks indicate =
the=20
      status of files, these locks are necessarily held for a long =
time.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=B4=CB=C0=E0=C4=DA=B2=BF=CB=F8=A3=A8internal=20
      =
lock=A3=A9=D3=C3=D3=DA=B1=A3=BB=A4=B8=F7=D6=D6=CE=C4=BC=FE=A1=A3=C0=FD=C8=
=E7=A3=AC=B1=A3=BB=A4=BF=D8=D6=C6=CE=C4=BC=FE=A3=A8control=20
      =
file=A3=A9=B5=C4=CB=F8=A3=AC=C8=B7=B1=A3=CD=AC=D2=BB=CA=B1=BC=E4=D6=BB=D3=
=D0=D2=BB=B8=F6=BD=F8=B3=CC=C4=DC=B9=BB=B6=D4=C6=E4=BD=F8=D0=D0=D0=DE=B8=C4=
=A1=A3=BB=B9=D3=D0=D0=AD=B5=F7=D6=D8=D7=F6=C8=D5=D6=BE=CE=C4=BC=FE=A3=A8r=
edo log=20
      =
file=A3=A9=CA=B9=D3=C3=D3=EB=B9=E9=B5=B5=B5=C4=CB=F8=A1=A3=D2=D4=BC=B0=CA=
=FD=BE=DD=CE=C4=BC=FE=A3=A8datafile=A3=A9=CB=F8=A3=AC=CA=B5=CF=D6=B6=E0=CA=
=B5=C0=FD=D4=DA=B9=B2=CF=ED=C4=A3=CA=BD=CF=C2=B9=D2=D4=D8=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=
=A3=AC=BB=F2=D2=BB=B8=F6=CA=B5=C0=FD=D4=DA=C5=C5=CB=FB=C4=A3=CA=BD=CF=C2=B9=
=D2=D4=D8=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=A1=A3=D3=C9=D3=DA=CE=C4=BC=FE=BC=B0=D6=D8=D7=F6=
=C8=D5=D6=BE=CB=F8=B7=B4=D3=B3=B5=C4=CA=C7=20
      =
=CE=EF=C0=ED=CE=C4=BC=FE=B5=C4=D7=B4=CC=AC=A3=AC=D2=F2=B4=CB=B4=CB=C0=E0=CB=
=F8=B5=C4=B3=D6=D0=F8=CA=B1=BC=E4=BD=CF=B3=A4=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">249</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3De.13.3.6.2.3></A>Tablespace and Rollback Segment =
Locks</H4></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3Dc.13.3.6.2.3></A>13.3.6.2.3 =
=B1=ED=BF=D5=BC=E4=BC=B0=BB=D8=B9=F6=B6=CE=CB=F8</H4></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">250</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">These =
locks protect=20
      tablespaces and rollback segments. For example, all instances =
accessing a=20
      database must agree on whether a tablespace is online or offline. =
Rollback=20
      segments are locked so that only one instance can write to a=20
    segment.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=B4=CB=C0=E0=CB=F8=D3=C3=D3=DA=B1=A3=BB=A4=B1=ED=BF=D5=BC=E4=
=BC=B0=BB=D8=B9=F6=B6=CE=A3=A8rollback=20
      =
segment=A3=A9=A1=A3=C0=FD=C8=E7=A3=AC=D2=BB=B8=F6=B1=ED=BF=D5=BC=E4=B4=A6=
=D3=DA=C1=AA=BB=FA=A3=A8online=A3=A9=BB=B9=CA=C7=CD=D1=BB=FA=A3=A8offline=
=A3=A9=D7=B4=CC=AC=B6=D4=B7=C3=CE=CA=CD=AC=D2=BB=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B5=C4=CB=
=F9=D3=D0=CA=B5=C0=FD=D3=A6=B8=C3=CA=C7=D2=BB=D6=C2=B5=C4=A1=A3=BB=D8=B9=F6=
=B6=CE=C9=CF=B5=C4=CB=F8=B1=A3=D6=A4=20
      =
=CD=AC=D2=BB=CA=B1=BC=E4=D6=BB=D3=D0=D2=BB=B8=F6=CA=B5=C0=FD=C4=DC=B9=BB=B6=
=D4=C6=E4=D6=B4=D0=D0=D0=B4=B2=D9=D7=F7=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">251</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H2><A name=3De.13.3.7></A>Explicit (Manual) Data =
Locking</H2></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H2><A name=3Dc.13.3.7></A>13.3.7 =
=CF=D4=CA=BD=A3=A8=CA=D6=B9=A4=A3=A9=B6=D4=CA=FD=BE=DD=BC=D3=CB=F8</H2></=
TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">252</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle =
always=20
      performs locking automatically to ensure data concurrency, data =
integrity,=20
      and statement-level read consistency. However, you can override =
the Oracle=20
      default locking mechanisms. Overriding the default locking is =
useful in=20
      situations such as these:
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Applications require =
transaction-level=20
        read consistency or <B>repeatable reads</B>. In other words, =
queries in=20
        them must produce consistent data for the duration of the =
transaction,=20
        not reflecting changes by other transactions. <SPAN=20
        style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">You can achieve =
transaction-level read=20
        consistency by using explicit locking, read-only transactions,=20
        serializable transactions, or by overriding default =
locking.</SPAN>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Applications require that a =
transaction=20
        have exclusive access to a resource so that the transaction does =
not=20
        have to wait for other transactions to complete. </LI></UL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle=20
      =
=C4=DC=B9=BB=D7=D4=B6=AF=B5=D8=B9=DC=C0=ED=CB=F8=A3=AC=B4=D3=B6=F8=C8=B7=B1=
=A3=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B5=C4=B2=A2=B7=A2=B7=C3=CE=CA=A3=AC=CA=FD=BE=DD=CD=EA=
=D5=FB=D0=D4=A3=AC=BC=B0=D3=EF=BE=E4=BC=B6=B5=C4=B6=C1=D2=BB=D6=C2=D0=D4=A1=
=A3=B5=AB=CA=C7=A3=AC=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=D2=D4=B8=B2=B8=C7=A3=A8override=A3=
=A9Oracle=20
      =
=B5=C4=C4=AC=C8=CF=CB=F8=BB=FA=D6=C6=A1=A3=D2=D4=CF=C2=C7=E9=BF=F6=BF=C9=D2=
=D4=B2=C9=D3=C3=CA=D6=B9=A4=CB=F8=B8=B2=B8=C7=C4=AC=C8=CF=B5=C4=CB=F8=A3=BA=

      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=D3=A6=D3=C3=D0=E8=D2=AA=CA=C2=CE=F1=BC=B6=B5=C4=B6=C1=D2=BB=D6=C2=D0=
=D4=A3=A8read=20
        =
consistency=A3=A9=A3=A8=BC=B4<B>=BF=C9=D6=D8=B8=B4=B6=C1=C8=A1</B>=A3=A8r=
epeatable=20
        =
read=A3=A9=A3=A9=A1=A3=BB=BB=BE=E4=BB=B0=CB=B5=A3=AC=D4=DA=D5=FB=B8=F6=CA=
=C2=CE=F1=C4=DA=CB=F9=D3=D0=B2=E9=D1=AF=B6=BC=D2=AA=B7=B5=BB=D8=D2=BB=D6=C2=
=B5=C4=BD=E1=B9=FB=A3=AC=B2=BB=CA=DC=C6=E4=CB=FB=CA=C2=CE=F1=B5=C4=D3=B0=CF=
=EC=A1=A3=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=D2=D4=CF=D4=CA=BE=B5=D8=B6=D4=CA=FD=BE=DD=BC=D3=
=CB=F8=A3=AC=CA=B9=D3=C3=D6=BB=B6=C1=CA=C2=CE=F1=A3=A8read-only=20
        =
transaction=A3=A9=BB=F2=B4=AE=D0=D0=BB=AF=CA=C2=CE=F1=A3=A8serializable =
transaction=A3=A9=A3=AC=BB=F2=B8=B2=B8=C7=C4=AC=C8=CF=B5=C4=CB=F8=A3=AC=B4=
=D3=B6=F8=CA=B5=CF=D6=CA=C2=CE=F1=BC=B6=B5=C4=B6=C1=D2=BB=D6=C2=D0=D4=A1=A3=
=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=D3=A6=D3=C3=D2=AA=C7=F3=CA=C2=CE=F1=B1=D8=D0=EB=C5=C5=CB=FB=B5=D8=B7=
=C3=CE=CA=C4=B3=D6=D6=D7=CA=D4=B4=A3=AC=B6=F8=B2=BB=D3=A6=B5=C8=B4=FD=C6=E4=
=CB=FB=CA=C2=CE=F1=A1=A3=20
  </LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">253</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Oracle's automatic=20
      locking can be overridden at the transaction level or the session=20
      level.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=D2=D4=D4=DA=CA=C2=CE=F1=BC=B6=BB=F2=D3=EF=
=BE=E4=BC=B6=B8=B2=B8=C7 Oracle=20
  =C4=AC=C8=CF=B2=C9=D3=C3=B5=C4=CB=F8=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">254</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">At the =
transaction=20
      level, transactions that include the following SQL statements =
override=20
      Oracle's default locking:
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">The <FONT color=3D#0000ff>SET =
TRANSACTION=20
        ISOLATION LEVEL</FONT> statement=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">The <FONT color=3D#0000ff>LOCK =

        TABLE</FONT> statement (which locks either a table or, when used =
with=20
        views, the underlying base tables)=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">The <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>SELECT ... FOR=20
        UPDATE</FONT> statement </LI></UL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D4=DA=CA=C2=CE=F1=BC=B6=A3=AC=B0=FC=BA=AC=D2=D4=CF=C2 SQL =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=BD=AB=B8=B2=B8=C7 Oracle =
=B5=C4=C4=AC=C8=CF=CB=F8=A3=BA
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><FONT color=3D#0000ff>SET =
TRANSACTION=20
        ISOLATION LEVEL</FONT> =D3=EF=BE=E4=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><FONT color=3D#0000ff>LOCK =
TABLE</FONT>=20
        =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=A3=A8=BF=C9=D2=D4=B6=D4=B1=ED=BC=D3=CB=F8=A3=AC=B6=D4=CA=D3=CD=
=BC=CA=B9=D3=C3=CA=B1=A3=AC=CA=B5=BC=CA=BD=AB=B6=D4=B5=D7=B2=E3=B5=C4=B1=ED=
=BC=D3=CB=F8=A3=A9=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><FONT color=3D#0000ff>SELECT =
... FOR=20
        UPDATE</FONT> =D3=EF=BE=E4 </LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">255</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Locks =
acquired by=20
      these statements are released after the transaction commits or =
rolls=20
      back.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=C9=CF=CA=F6=D3=EF=BE=E4=BB=F1=B5=C3=B5=C4=CB=F8=BD=AB=D4=DA=
=CA=C2=CE=F1=CC=E1=BD=BB=BB=F2=BB=D8=B9=F6=BA=F3=CA=CD=B7=C5=A1=A3<BR>=A1=
=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">256</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">At the =
session=20
      level, a session can set the required transaction isolation level =
with the=20
      <FONT color=3D#0000ff>ALTER SESSION</FONT> =
statement.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D4=DA=BB=E1=BB=B0=BC=B6=A3=A8session =
level=A3=A9=A3=AC=D2=BB=B8=F6=BB=E1=BB=B0=BF=C9=D2=D4=CD=A8=B9=FD <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>ALTER SESSION</FONT> =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=B8=FC=B8=C4=B4=CB=BB=E1=BB=B0=C4=DA=CB=F9=D3=D0=CA=C2=CE=F1=B5=
=C4=B8=F4=C0=EB=BC=B6=B1=F0=A3=A8isolation=20
    level=A3=A9=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">257</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>Note:</B><BR><BR>If Oracle's default locking is=20
        overridden at any level, the database administrator or =
application=20
        developer should ensure that the overriding locking procedures =
operate=20
        correctly. The locking procedures must satisfy the following =
criteria:=20
        data integrity is guaranteed, data concurrency is acceptable, =
and=20
        deadlocks are not possible or are appropriately =
handled.</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      =
<BLOCKQUOTE><B>=CC=E1=CA=BE=A3=BA</B><BR><BR>=CE=DE=C2=DB=D4=DA=C4=C4=B8=F6=
=BC=B6=B1=F0=B8=B2=B8=C7 Oracle=20
        =
=B5=C4=C4=AC=C8=CF=CB=F8=A3=AC=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B9=DC=C0=ED=D4=B1=BB=F2=D3=
=A6=D3=C3=BF=AA=B7=A2=D5=DF=B6=BC=B1=D8=D0=EB=B1=A3=D6=A4=CA=D6=B9=A4=CB=F8=
=C4=DC=B9=BB=D5=FD=C8=B7=B5=D8=D6=B4=D0=D0=A1=A3=CA=D6=B9=A4=CB=F8=B2=D9=D7=
=F7=B1=D8=D0=EB=C2=FA=D7=E3=D2=D4=CF=C2=CC=F5=BC=FE=A3=BA=B1=A3=D6=A4=CA=FD=
=BE=DD=CD=EA=D5=FB=D0=D4=A3=AC=CC=E1=B9=A9=D7=E3=B9=BB=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=B2=
=A2=B7=A2=C4=DC=C1=A6=A3=AC=B2=BB=BB=E1=B7=A2=C9=FA=CB=C0=CB=F8=A3=AC=BB=F2=
=C4=DC=B9=BB=D5=FD=C8=B7=B4=A6=C0=ED=CB=C0=CB=F8=A1=A3</BLOCKQUOTE></TD><=
/TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">258</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>See Also:</B><BR><BR><A=20
        =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b142=
00/toc.htm">Oracle=20
        Database SQL Reference</A> for detailed descriptions of the SQL=20
        statements <FONT color=3D#0000ff>LOCK TABLE</FONT> and <FONT=20
        color=3D#0000ff>SELECT ... FOR UPDATE</FONT></BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>=C1=ED=BC=FB=A3=BA</B><BR><BR><A=20
        =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b142=
00/toc.htm">Oracle=20
        Database SQL Reference</A> =C1=CB=BD=E2 <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>LOCK TABLE</FONT> =BC=B0=20
        <FONT color=3D#0000ff>SELECT ... FOR UPDATE</FONT>=20
=D3=EF=BE=E4=B5=C4=CF=EA=CF=B8=C3=E8=CA=F6</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">259</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H2><A name=3De.13.3.8></A>Oracle Lock Management =
Services</H2></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H2><A name=3Dc.13.3.8></A>13.3.8 Oracle =
=CB=F8=B9=DC=C0=ED=B7=FE=CE=F1</H2></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">260</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">With =
Oracle Lock=20
      Management services, an application developer can include =
statements in=20
      PL/SQL blocks that:
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Request a lock of a specific =
type=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Give the lock a unique name =
recognizable=20
        in another procedure in the same or in another instance=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Change the lock type=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Release the lock =
</LI></UL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D3=A6=D3=C3=BF=AA=B7=A2=D5=DF=C0=FB=D3=C3 Oracle =
=CB=F8=B9=DC=C0=ED=B7=FE=CE=F1=A3=A8Lock Management=20
      service=A3=A9=BF=C9=D2=D4=D4=DA PL/SQL =
=BF=E9=D6=D0=CA=B9=D3=C3=D2=D4=CF=C2=D3=EF=BE=E4=A3=BA
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=C7=EB=C7=F3=CC=D8=B6=A8=C0=E0=D0=CD=B5=C4=CB=F8=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=B8=B3=B8=F8=CB=F8=D2=BB=B8=F6=CE=A8=D2=BB=B5=C4=C3=FB=B3=C6=A3=AC=CA=
=B9=CA=B5=C0=FD=A3=A8PL/SQL=20
        =
=BF=E9=CB=F9=D4=DA=CA=B5=C0=FD=BB=F2=C6=E4=CB=FB=CA=B5=C0=FD=A3=A9=D6=D0=B5=
=C4=C6=E4=CB=FB=B9=FD=B3=CC=C4=DC=B9=BB=B6=D4=CB=F8=BD=F8=D0=D0=CA=B6=B1=F0=
=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=B8=C4=B1=E4=CB=F8=B5=C4=C0=E0=D0=CD=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">=CA=CD=B7=C5=CB=F8 =
</LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">261</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Because a <SPAN=20
      style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">reserved user lock</SPAN> is =
the same as=20
      an Oracle lock, it has all the Oracle lock functionality including =

      deadlock detection. User locks never conflict with Oracle locks, =
because=20
      they are identified with the prefix <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>UL</FONT>.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D3=C9=D3=DA=D3=C3=BB=A7=CB=F8=A3=A8user lock=A3=A9=D3=EB =
Oracle =
=CB=F8=CF=E0=CD=AC=A3=AC=D2=F2=B4=CB=D3=C3=BB=A7=CB=F8=BE=DF=B1=B8=20
      Oracle =
=CB=F8=B5=C4=C8=AB=B2=BF=B9=A6=C4=DC=A3=AC=B0=FC=C0=A8=CB=C0=CB=F8=BC=EC=B2=
=E2=A1=A3=D3=C3=BB=A7=CB=F8=B2=BB=BB=E1=BA=CD Oracle =
=CB=F8=B3=E5=CD=BB=A3=AC=D2=F2=CE=AA=D3=C3=BB=A7=CB=F8=B5=C4=C3=FB=B3=C6=CA=
=B9=D3=C3=C7=B0=D7=BA <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>UL</FONT>=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">262</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">The =
Oracle Lock=20
      Management services are available through procedures in the <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>DBMS_LOCK</FONT> package.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=D2=D4=CD=A8=B9=FD <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>DBMS_LOCK</FONT> =B0=FC=CA=B9=D3=C3 Oracle =
=B5=C4=CB=F8=B9=DC=C0=ED=B7=FE=CE=F1=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">263</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>
        <P><B>See Also:</B></P>
        <UL>
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/appdev.102/b142=
51/toc.htm">Oracle=20
          Database Application Developer's Guide - Fundamentals</A> for =
more=20
          information about Oracle Lock Management services=20
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/appdev.102/b142=
58/toc.htm">Oracle=20
          Database PL/SQL Packages and Types Reference</A> for =
information about=20
          <FONT color=3D#0000ff>DBMS_LOCK</FONT> =
</LI></UL></BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>
        <P><B>=C1=ED=BC=FB=A3=BA</B></P>
        <UL>
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/appdev.102/b142=
51/toc.htm">Oracle=20
          Database Application Developer's Guide - Fundamentals</A> =
=C1=CB=BD=E2=B8=FC=B6=E0=B9=D8=D3=DA=20
          Oracle =CB=F8=B9=DC=C0=ED=B7=FE=CE=F1=B5=C4=D0=C5=CF=A2=20
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/appdev.102/b142=
58/toc.htm">Oracle=20
          Database PL/SQL Packages and Types Reference</A> =
=C1=CB=BD=E2=B9=D8=D3=DA <FONT=20
          color=3D#0000ff>DBMS_LOCK<B> =
=B0=FC=B5=C4=D0=C5=CF=A2</B></FONT> =
</LI></UL></BLOCKQUOTE>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">264</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H1><A name=3De.13.4></A><SPAN style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 20pt">Overview =
of Oracle=20
      Flashback Query</SPAN></H1></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H1><A name=3Dc.13.4></A><SPAN style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 20pt">13.4 =
Oracle=20
      =BB=D8=C9=C1=B2=E9=D1=AF=B8=C5=CA=F6</SPAN></H1></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">265</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle =
Flashback=20
      Query lets you view and repair historical data. You can perform =
queries on=20
      the database as of a certain wall clock time or user-specified =
system=20
      change number (SCN).<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=D2=D4=CA=B9=D3=C3 Oracle =
=BB=D8=C9=C1=B2=E9=D1=AF=A3=A8Flashback=20
      =
Query=A3=A9=B9=A6=C4=DC=B2=E9=BF=B4=BB=F2=D0=DE=B8=B4=C0=FA=CA=B7=CA=FD=BE=
=DD=A3=A8historical =
data=A3=A9=A1=A3=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=D2=D4=D6=B8=B6=A8=D2=BB=B8=F6=CA=B1=BC=
=E4=BB=F2=CF=B5=CD=B3=B1=E4=BB=AF=B1=E0=BA=C5=A3=A8system change=20
      =
number=A3=ACSCN=A3=A9=A3=AC=CA=B9=B2=E9=D1=AF=B5=C4=BD=E1=B9=FB=C4=DC=B9=BB=
=B7=B4=D3=B3=B5=B1=CA=B1=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=D7=B4=CC=AC=A1=A3<BR>=A1=
=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">266</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Flashback Query uses=20
      Oracle's multiversion read-consistency capabilities to restore =
data by=20
      applying undo as needed. Oracle Database 10g automatically tunes a =

      parameter called the undo retention period. The undo retention =
period=20
      indicates the amount of time that must pass before old undo=20
      information=A1=AAthat is, undo information for committed =
transactions=A1=AAcan be=20
      overwritten. The database collects usage statistics and tunes the =
undo=20
      retention period based on these statistics and on undo tablespace=20
      size.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=BB=D8=C9=C1=B2=E9=D1=AF=BD=E8=D6=FA Oracle =
=B5=C4=B6=E0=B0=E6=B1=BE=B6=C1=D2=BB=D6=C2=D0=D4=A3=A8multiversion=20
      =
read-consistency=A3=A9=B9=A6=C4=DC=A3=AC=C0=FB=D3=C3=B3=B7=CF=FA=D0=C5=CF=
=A2=A3=A8undo=A3=A9=BB=D6=B8=B4=CB=F9=D0=E8=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=A1=A3Oracle=
 10g=20
      =
=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=C4=DC=B9=BB=D7=D4=B6=AF=B5=C4=B5=F7=BD=DA=BE=F6=B6=A8=B3=
=B7=CF=FA=D0=C5=CF=A2=B1=A3=B4=E6=D6=DC=C6=DA=A3=A8undo retention=20
      =
period=A3=A9=B5=C4=B2=CE=CA=FD=A1=A3=B3=B7=CF=FA=D0=C5=CF=A2=B1=A3=B4=E6=D6=
=DC=C6=DA=D6=B8=BE=C9=B5=C4=B3=B7=CF=FA=D0=C5=CF=A2=A3=A8=BC=B4=D2=D1=CC=E1=
=BD=BB=CA=C2=CE=F1=B5=C4=B3=B7=CF=FA=D0=C5=CF=A2=A3=A9=B1=D8=D0=EB=BE=AD=B9=
=FD=B6=E0=B3=A4=CA=B1=BC=E4=B2=C5=C4=DC=B1=BB=B8=B2=B8=C7=A1=A3=CA=FD=BE=DD=
=BF=E2=C4=DC=B9=BB=D7=D4=B6=AF=B5=D8=CA=D5=BC=AF=B3=B7=CF=FA=D0=C5=CF=A2=B5=
=C4=CA=B9=D3=C3=C7=E9=BF=F6=A3=AC=B2=A2=D2=C0=BE=DD=CD=B3=BC=C6=BD=E1=B9=FB=
=BC=B0=B3=B7=CF=FA=B1=ED=BF=D5=BC=E4=A3=A8undo=20
      =
tablespace=A3=A9=B5=C4=B4=F3=D0=A1=C8=B7=B6=A8=B3=B7=CF=FA=D0=C5=CF=A2=B1=
=A3=B4=E6=D6=DC=C6=DA=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">267</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Using =
Flashback=20
      Query, you can query the database as it existed this morning, =
yesterday,=20
      or last week. The speed of this operation depends only on the =
amount of=20
      data being queried and the number of changes to the data that need =
to be=20
      backed out.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=C0=FB=D3=C3=BB=D8=C9=C1=B2=E9=D1=AF=A3=AC=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=
=D2=D4=B2=E9=BF=B4=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=BD=F1=CC=EC=D4=E7=B3=BF=A3=AC=D7=F2=CC=
=EC=C9=F5=D6=C1=C9=CF=D0=C7=C6=DA=B5=C4=D7=B4=CC=AC=A1=A3=BB=D8=C9=C1=B2=E9=
=D1=AF=B5=C4=CB=D9=B6=C8=C8=A1=BE=F6=D3=DA=B2=E9=D1=AF=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=C1=
=BF=BC=B0=D0=E8=D2=AA=B4=D3=B3=B7=CF=FA=D0=C5=CF=A2=D6=D0=BB=D6=B8=B4=B5=C4=
=CA=FD=BE=DD=C1=BF=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">268</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">You =
can query the=20
      history of a given row or a transaction. Using undo data stored in =
the=20
      database, you can view all versions of a row and revert to a =
previous=20
      version of that row. Flashback Transaction Query history lets you =
examine=20
      changes to the database at the transaction level.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=C0=FB=D3=C3=BB=D8=C9=C1=B2=E9=D1=AF=A3=AC=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=
=D2=D4=B2=E9=BF=B4=C4=B3=D2=BB=D0=D0=B5=C4=C0=FA=CA=B7=D0=C5=CF=A2=A3=AC=BB=
=F2=D4=DA=CA=C2=CE=F1=BC=B6=C9=CF=B2=E9=BF=B4=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B5=C4=C0=FA=
=CA=B7=D0=C5=CF=A2=A1=A3=CD=A8=B9=FD=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=D6=D0=B4=E6=B4=A2=B5=
=C4=B3=B7=CF=FA=D0=C5=CF=A2=A3=AC=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=D2=D4=B2=E9=BF=B4=C4=B3=
=D2=BB=CA=FD=BE=DD=D0=D0=B5=C4=B8=F7=B8=F6=C0=FA=CA=B7=B0=E6=B1=BE=A3=AC=B2=
=A2=BD=F8=D0=D0=C8=CE=D2=E2=B5=C4=BB=D6=B8=B4=A1=A3=D3=C3=BB=A7=BB=B9=BF=C9=
=D2=D4=CA=B9=D3=C3=BB=D8=C9=C1=CA=C2=CE=F1=B2=E9=D1=AF=A3=A8Flashback=20
      Transaction =
Query=A3=A9=D4=DA=CA=C2=CE=F1=BC=B6=B2=E9=BF=B4=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B1=E4=BB=
=AF=B5=C4=C0=FA=CA=B7=C7=E9=BF=F6=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">269</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">You =
can audit the=20
      rows of a table and get information about the transactions that =
changed=20
      the rows and the times when it was changed. With the transaction =
ID, you=20
      can do transaction mining through LogMiner to get complete =
information=20
      about the transaction.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=D3=C3=BB=A7=C4=DC=B9=BB=B6=D4=CA=FD=BE=DD=D0=D0=BD=F8=D0=D0=
=BC=E0=BF=D8=A3=AC=C1=CB=BD=E2=C4=C4=D0=A9=CA=C2=CE=F1=B6=D4=CA=FD=BE=DD=BD=
=F8=D0=D0=C1=CB=D0=DE=B8=C4=A3=AC=D2=D4=BC=B0=D0=DE=B8=C4=CA=C7=BA=CE=CA=B1=
=B7=A2=C9=FA=B5=C4=A1=A3=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=D2=D4=D4=DA LogMiner =
=D6=D0=CD=A8=B9=FD=CA=C2=CE=F1=20
      ID=A3=A8transaction =
ID=A3=A9=BB=F1=B5=C3=D3=EB=D2=BB=B8=F6=CA=C2=CE=F1=CF=E0=B9=D8=B5=C4=C8=AB=
=B2=BF=D0=C5=CF=A2=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">270</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>
        <P><B>See Also:</B></P>
        <UL>
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b142=
31/toc.htm">Oracle=20
          Database Administrator's Guide</A> for more information on the =

          automatic tuning of undo retention and on LogMiner=20
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">"<A=20
          =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/02.Data%20Blocks,%20E=
xtents,%20and%20Segments.htm#e.2.4.4.3">Automatic=20
          Undo Retention</A>" </LI></UL></BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>
        <P><B>=C1=ED=BC=FB=A3=BA</B></P>
        <UL>
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b142=
31/toc.htm">Oracle=20
          Database Administrator's Guide</A> =
=C1=CB=BD=E2=B3=B7=CF=FA=D0=C5=CF=A2=B1=A3=B4=E6=D6=DC=C6=DA=B5=C4=D7=D4=B6=
=AF=B5=F7=D5=FB=BC=B0 LogMiner=20
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">=A1=B0<A=20
          =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/02.Data%20Blocks,%20E=
xtents,%20and%20Segments.htm#c.2.4.4.3">=D7=D4=B6=AF=B3=B7=CF=FA=D0=C5=CF=
=A2=B1=A3=B4=E6=D6=DC=C6=DA=B9=DC=C0=ED</A>=A1=B1=20
          </LI></UL></BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">271</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">You =
set the date and=20
      time you want to view. Then, any SQL query you run operates on =
data as it=20
      existed at that time. If you are an authorized user, then you can =
correct=20
      errors and back out the restored data without needing the =
intervention of=20
      an administrator.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=D2=D4=C9=E8=D6=C3=D2=BB=B8=F6=D0=E8=D2=AA=
=B2=E9=BF=B4=B5=C4=C8=D5=C6=DA=D3=EB=CA=B1=BC=E4=A1=A3=D6=AE=BA=F3=D4=CB=D0=
=D0=B5=C4 SQL=20
      =
=B2=E9=D1=AF=BD=AB=B7=B4=D3=B3=D6=B8=B6=A8=C8=D5=C6=DA=CA=B1=BC=E4=CA=B1=B5=
=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=D7=B4=CC=AC=A1=A3=C8=E7=B9=FB=D3=C3=BB=A7=BE=DF=B1=B8=
=D7=E3=B9=BB=C8=A8=CF=DE=A3=AC=CE=DE=D0=E8=CD=A8=B9=FD=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B9=
=DC=C0=ED=D4=B1=BE=CD=C4=DC=B9=BB=C0=FB=D3=C3=B1=A3=B4=E6=B5=C4=B3=B7=CF=FA=
=D0=C5=CF=A2=D0=DE=D5=FD=CF=D6=D3=D0=CA=FD=BE=DD=D6=D0=B5=C4=B4=ED=CE=F3=A1=
=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">272</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">With =
the <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>AS OF</FONT> SQL clause, you can choose different =
snapshots=20
      for each table in the query. Associating a snapshot with a table =
is known=20
      as <SPAN style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">table =
decoration</SPAN>. If you=20
      do not decorate a table with a snapshot, then a default snapshot =
is used=20
      for it. All tables without a specified snapshot get the same =
default=20
      snapshot.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D3=C3=BB=A7=D4=DA=B2=E9=D1=AF=D6=D0=BF=C9=D2=D4=CA=B9=D3=C3=
 <FONT color=3D#0000ff>AS=20
      OF</FONT> =
=D7=D3=BE=E4=CE=AA=C3=BF=B8=F6=B1=ED=D6=B8=B6=A8=B2=BB=CD=AC=CA=B1=BC=E4=B5=
=C4=BF=EC=D5=D5=A3=A8snapshot=A3=A9=A1=A3=BD=AB=BF=EC=D5=D5=D7=F7=D3=C3=D3=
=DA=B1=ED=B5=C4=B2=D9=D7=F7=B1=BB=B3=C6=CE=AA=B1=ED=D0=DE=CA=CE=A3=A8tabl=
e=20
      =
decoration=A3=A9=A1=A3=C8=E7=B9=FB=D3=C3=BB=A7=C3=BB=D3=D0=CA=B9=D3=C3=CC=
=D8=B6=A8=B5=C4=BF=EC=D5=D5=B6=D4=B1=ED=BD=F8=D0=D0=D0=DE=CA=CE=A3=ACOrac=
le=20
      =
=BD=AB=CA=B9=D3=C3=C4=AC=C8=CF=B5=C4=BF=EC=D5=D5=A1=A3=CB=F9=D3=D0=C3=BB=D6=
=B8=B6=A8=BF=EC=D5=D5=B5=C4=B1=ED=BD=AB=CA=B9=D3=C3=CF=E0=CD=AC=CA=B1=BC=E4=
=B5=E3=C9=CF=B5=C4=C4=AC=C8=CF=BF=EC=D5=D5=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">273</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">For =
example, suppose=20
      you want to write a query to find all the new customer accounts =
created in=20
      the past hour. You could do set operations on two instances of the =
same=20
      table decorated with different <FONT color=3D#0000ff>AS OF</FONT>=20
      clauses.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=C0=FD=C8=E7=A3=AC=D3=C3=BB=A7=D0=E8=D2=AA=B2=E9=D1=AF=B3=F6=
=B9=FD=C8=A5=D2=BB=D0=A1=CA=B1=D6=D0=CB=F9=D3=D0=D0=C2=BD=A8=B5=C4=D3=C3=BB=
=A7=D5=CA=BB=A7=A1=A3=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=D2=D4=B6=D4=CD=AC=D2=BB=D5=C5=B1=ED=
=B2=C9=D3=C3=B2=BB=CD=AC=B5=C4=BF=EC=D5=D5=A3=A8=CA=B9=D3=C3 <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>AS OF</FONT> =
=D7=D3=BE=E4=A3=A9=BD=F8=D0=D0=D0=DE=CA=CE=A3=AC=D4=D9=B6=D4=D5=E2=D5=C5=B1=
=ED=B5=C4=C1=BD=B8=F6=CA=B5=C0=FD=D7=F6=BC=AF=BA=CF=D4=CB=CB=E3=BC=B4=BF=C9=
=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">274</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">DML =
and DDL=20
      operations can use table decoration to choose snapshots within =
subqueries.=20
      Operations such as <FONT color=3D#0000ff>INSERT TABLE AS =
SELECT</FONT> and=20
      <FONT color=3D#0000ff>CREATE TABLE AS SELECT</FONT> can be used =
with table=20
      decoration in the subqueries to repair tables from which rows have =
been=20
      mistakenly deleted. <SPAN style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: =
#ffff00">Table=20
      decoration can be any arbitrary expression: a bind variable, a =
constant, a=20
      string, date operations, and so on.</SPAN> You can open a cursor =
and=20
      dynamically bind a snapshot value (a timestamp or an SCN) to =
decorate a=20
      table with.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">DML =BC=B0 DDL=20
      =
=B2=D9=D7=F7=BF=C9=D2=D4=D4=DA=C6=E4=D7=D3=B2=E9=D1=AF=D6=D0=CA=B9=D3=C3=B1=
=ED=D0=DE=CA=CE=C0=B4=D1=A1=D4=F1=BF=EC=D5=D5=A1=A3=D4=DA=D7=D3=B2=E9=D1=AF=
=D6=D0=CA=B9=D3=C3=C1=CB=B1=ED=D0=DE=CA=CE=B5=C4 <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>INSERT TABLE AS=20
      SELECT</FONT> =BC=B0 <FONT color=3D#0000ff>CREATE TABLE AS =
SELECT</FONT>=20
      =
=B2=D9=D7=F7=BF=C9=D2=D4=D3=C3=D3=DA=BB=D6=B8=B4=CE=F3=C9=BE=B3=FD=B5=C4=CA=
=FD=BE=DD=A1=A3=B1=ED=D0=DE=CA=CE=D3=EF=BE=E4=BF=C9=D2=D4=CA=B9=D3=C3=C8=CE=
=BA=CE=C0=E0=D0=CD=B5=C4=B1=ED=B4=EF=CA=BD=A3=BA=B0=F3=B6=A8=B1=E4=C1=BF=A3=
=A8bind =
variable=A3=A9=A3=AC=B3=A3=C1=BF=A3=AC=D7=D6=B7=FB=B4=AE=A3=AC=BC=B0=C8=D5=
=C6=DA=BA=AF=CA=FD=A3=A8date=20
      =
operation=A3=A9=BE=F9=BF=C9=A1=A3=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=D2=D4=D4=DA=B4=F2=BF=AA=
=D3=CE=B1=EA=A3=A8cursor=A3=A9=CA=B1=B6=AF=CC=AC=B5=D8=B0=F3=B6=A8=BF=EC=D5=
=D5=C0=B4=BD=F8=D0=D0=B1=ED=D0=DE=CA=CE=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">275</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>
        <P><B>See Also:</B></P>
        <UL>
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">"<A=20
          =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/a">Overview=20
          of Oracle Flashback Features</A>" for an overview of all =
Oracle=20
          Flashback features=20
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b142=
00/toc.htm">Oracle=20
          Database SQL Reference</A> for information on the <FONT=20
          color=3D#0000ff>AS OF</FONT> clause =
</LI></UL></BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>
        <P><B>=C1=ED=BC=FB=A3=BA</B></P>
        <UL>
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">=A1=B0<A=20
          =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/a">Overview=20
          of Oracle Flashback Features</A>=A1=B1 =C1=CB=BD=E2 Oracle =
=BB=D8=C9=C1=CC=D8=D0=D4=B5=C4=B8=C5=CA=F6=20
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b142=
00/toc.htm">Oracle=20
          Database SQL Reference</A> =
=C1=CB=BD=E2=C8=E7=BA=CE=CA=B9=D3=C3 <FONT color=3D#0000ff>AS OF</FONT> =
=D7=D3=BE=E4=20
          </LI></UL></BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">276</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H2><A name=3De.13.4.1></A>Flashback Query Benefits</H2></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H2><A name=3Dc.13.4.1></A>13.4.1 =
=BB=D8=C9=C1=B2=E9=D1=AF=B5=C4=D3=C5=CA=C6</H2></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">277</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">This =
section lists=20
      some of the benefits of using Flashback Query.
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Application =
Transparency<BR><BR>Packaged=20
        applications, like report generation tools that only do queries, =
can run=20
        in Flashback Query mode by using logon triggers. Applications =
can run=20
        transparently without requiring changes to code. All the =
constraints=20
        that the application needs to be satisfied are guaranteed to =
hold good,=20
        because there is a consistent version of the database as of the=20
        Flashback Query time.=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Application =
Performance<BR><BR>If an=20
        application requires recovery actions, it can do so by saving =
SCNs and=20
        flashing back to those SCNs. This is a lot easier and faster =
than saving=20
        data sets and restoring them later, which would be required if =
the=20
        application were to do explicit versioning. Using Flashback =
Query, there=20
        are no costs for logging that would be incurred by explicit =
versioning.=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Online =
Operation<BR><BR>Flashback Query=20
        is an online operation. Concurrent DMLs and queries from other =
sessions=20
        are allowed while an object is queried inside Flashback =
Query.The speed=20
        of these operations is unaffected. Moreover, different sessions =
can=20
        flash back to different Flashback times or SCNs on the same =
object=20
        concurrently. The speed of the Flashback Query itself depends on =
the=20
        amount of undo that needs to be applied, which is proportional =
to how=20
        far back in time the query goes.=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Easy =
Manageability<BR><BR>There is no=20
        additional management on the part of the user, except setting =
the=20
        appropriate retention interval, having the right privileges, and =
so on.=20
        No additional logging has to be turned on, because past versions =
are=20
        constructed automatically, as needed. </LI></UL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=B1=BE=BD=DA=C1=D0=B3=F6=C1=CB=BB=D8=C9=C1=B2=E9=D1=AF=A3=A8=
Flashback Query=A3=A9=B9=A6=C4=DC=B5=C4=D2=BB=D0=A9=D3=C5=CA=C6=A1=A3
      <UL>
        <LI=20
        style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=B6=D4=D3=A6=D3=C3=CD=B8=C3=F7<BR><BR>=CF=F1=B1=A8=B1=ED=C9=FA=B3=C9=
=B9=A4=BE=DF=D6=AE=C0=E0=D6=BB=B6=D4=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=BD=F8=D0=D0=B2=E9=D1=
=AF=B5=C4=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=A3=AC=BF=C9=D2=D4=CD=A8=B9=FD=B5=C7=C2=BC=
=B4=A5=B7=A2=C6=F7=A3=A8logon=20
        =
trigger=A3=A9=BD=F8=C8=EB=BB=D8=C9=C1=B2=E9=D1=AF=C4=A3=CA=BD=A1=A3=D3=A6=
=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=B4=FA=C2=EB=CE=DE=D0=E8=D0=DE=B8=C4=A3=AC=BC=B4=BB=D8=C9=
=C1=B2=E9=D1=AF=B6=D4=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=CA=C7=CD=B8=C3=F7=B5=C4=A1=A3=
=D4=DA=BB=D8=C9=C1=B2=E9=D1=AF=C4=A3=CA=BD=CF=C2=A3=AC=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=
=F2=CB=F9=D0=E8=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=D4=BC=CA=F8=B6=BC=C4=DC=B1=BB=C2=FA=D7=E3=
=A3=AC=D2=F2=CE=AA=BB=D8=C9=C1=B2=E9=D1=AF=B7=B4=D3=B3=B5=C4=CA=C7=C4=B3=D2=
=BB=CA=B1=BC=E4=B5=E3=C9=CF=BE=DF=B1=B8=D2=BB=D6=C2=D0=D4=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=
=BF=E2=D7=B4=CC=AC=A1=A3=20

        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=CC=E1=B8=DF=D3=A6=D3=C3=D0=D4=C4=DC<BR><BR>=C8=E7=B9=FB=D3=A6=D3=C3=
=B3=CC=D0=F2=D0=E8=D2=AA=D6=B4=D0=D0=BB=D6=B8=B4=B5=C4=B2=D9=D7=F7=A3=AC=CB=
=FD=D6=BB=D0=E8=BC=C7=C2=BC=CF=C2=20
        SCN=A3=AC=D6=AE=BA=F3=BE=CD=C4=DC=B9=BB=BB=D8=C9=C1=B5=BD=B4=CB=20
        =
SCN=A1=A3=D5=E2=D3=EB=CF=C8=D7=AA=B4=E6=D4=D9=BB=D6=B8=B4=CF=E0=B1=C8=B8=FC=
=D2=D7=D0=D0=D2=B2=B8=FC=BF=EC=BD=DD=A3=AC=D2=F2=CE=AA=BA=F3=D5=DF=D0=E8=D2=
=AA=D4=DA=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=D6=D0=CF=D4=CA=BD=B5=D8=BD=F8=D0=D0=B0=E6=
=B1=BE=B9=DC=C0=ED=B9=A4=D7=F7=A1=A3=CA=B9=D3=C3=BB=D8=C9=C1=B2=E9=D1=AF=BA=
=F3=A3=AC=CF=B5=CD=B3=D6=D0=BE=CD=B2=BB=BB=E1=B3=F6=CF=D6=CF=D4=CA=BD=B0=E6=
=B1=BE=B9=DC=C0=ED=B9=A4=D7=F7=B4=F8=C0=B4=B5=C4=D6=D8=D7=F6=C8=D5=D6=BE=BF=
=AA=CF=FA=A1=A3=20

        <LI=20
        style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=BF=C9=D2=D4=C1=AA=BB=FA=B2=D9=D7=F7<BR><BR>=BB=D8=C9=C1=B2=E9=D1=AF=
=CA=C7=D2=BB=D6=D6=C1=AA=BB=FA=B2=D9=D7=F7=A1=A3=B5=B1=D2=BB=B8=F6=B6=D4=CF=
=F3=B1=BB=BB=D8=C9=C1=B2=E9=D1=AF=CA=B9=D3=C3=CA=B1=A3=AC=C6=E4=CB=FB=BB=E1=
=BB=B0=D6=D0=B5=C4=20
        DML=20
        =
=BB=F2=B2=E9=D1=AF=B2=D9=D7=F7=BF=C9=D2=D4=B2=A2=B7=A2=B5=D8=CA=B9=D3=C3=B4=
=CB=B6=D4=CF=F3=A3=AC=C7=D2=D5=E2=D0=A9=B2=A2=B7=A2=B2=D9=D7=F7=B5=C4=CB=D9=
=B6=C8=B2=BB=BB=E1=CA=DC=B5=BD=BB=D8=C9=C1=B2=E9=D1=AF=B5=C4=D3=B0=CF=EC=A1=
=A3=B4=CB=CD=E2=A3=AC=B2=BB=CD=AC=BB=E1=BB=B0=C4=DA=B5=C4=BB=D8=C9=C1=B2=E9=
=D1=AF=B2=D9=D7=F7=C4=DC=B9=BB=B2=A2=B7=A2=B5=D8=BF=B4=B5=BD=CD=AC=D2=BB=B6=
=D4=CF=F3=D4=DA=B2=BB=CD=AC=CA=B1=BC=E4=BB=F2=20
        SCN =
=CA=B1=B5=C4=D7=B4=CC=AC=A1=A3=BB=D8=C9=C1=B2=E9=D1=AF=B5=C4=CB=D9=B6=C8=C8=
=A1=BE=F6=D3=DA=C6=E4=CB=F9=D0=E8=B5=C4=B3=B7=CF=FA=D0=C5=CF=A2=B5=C4=CA=FD=
=C1=BF=A3=AC=B6=F8=B3=B7=CF=FA=D0=C5=CF=A2=B5=C4=CA=FD=C1=BF=BE=F6=B6=A8=C1=
=CB=BB=D8=C9=C1=B2=E9=D1=AF=C4=DC=B9=BB=BB=D8=CB=DD=B5=C4=CA=B1=B3=A4=A1=A3=
=20
        <LI=20
        style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=D2=D7=D3=DA=B9=DC=C0=ED<BR><BR>=D3=C3=BB=A7=D6=BB=D0=E8=BE=DF=B1=B8=
=D7=E3=B9=BB=C8=A8=CF=DE=A3=AC=B2=A2=C9=E8=B6=A8=CA=CA=B5=B1=B5=C4=B3=B7=CF=
=FA=D0=C5=CF=A2=B1=A3=B4=E6=D6=DC=C6=DA=A3=A8undo=20
        retention =
period=A3=A9=A3=AC=B6=F8=CE=DE=D0=E8=BD=F8=D0=D0=C6=E4=CB=FB=B5=C4=B9=DC=C0=
=ED=B9=A4=D7=F7=A1=A3=CF=B5=CD=B3=D6=D0=D2=B2=B2=BB=BB=E1=C9=FA=B3=C9=B6=EE=
=CD=E2=B5=C4=D6=D8=D7=F6=C8=D5=D6=BE=A3=AC=D2=F2=CE=AA=CA=FD=BE=DD=B5=C4=C0=
=FA=CA=B7=D7=B4=CC=AC=C4=DC=B9=BB=B1=BB Oracle=20
        =D7=D4=B6=AF=B5=D8=C9=FA=B3=C9=A1=A3 </LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">278</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>
        <P><B>Note:</B></P>
        <UL>
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Flashback Query does not =
undo=20
          anything. It is only a query mechanism. You can take the =
output from a=20
          Flashback Query and perform an undo yourself in many =
circumstances.=20
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Flashback Query does not =
tell you what=20
          changed. LogMiner does that.=20
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Flashback Query can undo =
changes and=20
          can be very efficient if you know the rows that need to be =
moved back=20
          in time. You can use it to move a full table back in time, but =
this is=20
          very expensive if the table is large since it involves a full =
table=20
          copy.=20
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Flashback Query does not =
work through=20
          DDL operations that modify columns, or drop or truncate =
tables.=20
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">LogMiner is very good for =
getting=20
          change history, but it gives you changes in terms of <SPAN=20
          style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">deltas</SPAN> (insert, =
update,=20
          delete), not in terms of the before and after image of a row. =
These=20
          can be difficult to deal with in some applications.=20
    </LI></UL></BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>
        <P><B>=CC=E1=CA=BE=A3=BA</B></P>
        <UL>
          <LI=20
          style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=BB=D8=C9=C1=B2=E9=D1=AF=B2=BB=BB=E1=BD=AB=CF=D6=D3=D0=CA=FD=BE=DD=B3=
=B7=CF=FA=B5=BD=B4=D3=C7=B0=B5=C4=D7=B4=CC=AC=A3=AC=CB=FD=D6=BB=CA=C7=D2=BB=
=D6=D6=B2=E9=D1=AF=BB=FA=D6=C6=A1=A3=B5=AB=CA=C7=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=D2=D4=C0=
=FB=D3=C3=BB=D8=C9=C1=B2=E9=D1=AF=B5=C4=CA=E4=B3=F6=CA=D6=B9=A4=B5=D8=D6=B4=
=D0=D0=B3=B7=CF=FA=B2=D9=D7=F7=A1=A3=20

          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=D3=C3=BB=A7=B2=BB=D3=A6=CD=A8=B9=FD=BB=D8=C9=C1=B2=E9=D1=AF=C0=B4=C1=
=CB=BD=E2=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=D6=D0=BD=F8=D0=D0=C1=CB=C4=C4=D0=A9=D0=DE=B8=C4=
=B2=D9=D7=F7=A3=AC=B6=F8=D3=A6=CA=B9=D3=C3=20
          LogMiner=A1=A3=20
          <LI=20
          style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=C8=E7=B9=FB=D3=C3=BB=A7=C4=DC=C7=E5=B3=FE=B5=D8=C1=CB=BD=E2=C4=C4=D0=
=A9=CA=FD=BE=DD=D0=D0=D0=E8=D2=AA=B1=BB=BB=D6=B8=B4=A3=AC=C4=C7=C3=B4=CA=B9=
=D3=C3=BB=D8=C9=C1=B2=E9=D1=AF=D0=A7=C2=CA=BD=CF=B8=DF=A1=A3=D3=C3=BB=A7=D2=
=B2=BF=C9=D2=D4=C0=FB=D3=C3=BB=D8=C9=C1=B2=E9=D1=AF=B6=D4=D5=FB=B8=F6=B1=ED=
=BD=F8=D0=D0=BB=D6=B8=B4=A3=AC=B5=AB=CA=C7=B5=B1=B1=ED=CA=FD=BE=DD=C1=BF=BA=
=DC=B4=F3=CA=B1=B4=CB=C0=E0=B2=D9=D7=F7=B5=C4=BF=AA=CF=FA=D2=B2=BA=DC=B4=F3=
=A1=A3=20

          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=BB=D8=C9=C1=B2=E9=D1=AF=B6=D4 DDL =
=B2=D9=D7=F7=CE=DE=D0=A7=A3=AC=C0=FD=C8=E7=B6=D4=C1=D0=BD=F8=D0=D0=D0=DE=B8=
=C4=A3=AC=D2=C6=B3=FD=BB=F2=C7=E5=B3=FD=B1=ED=A1=A3=20
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">LogMiner =
=B5=C4=D3=C3=CD=BE=CA=C7=BB=F1=B5=C3=B6=D4=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=D0=DE=B8=C4=B5=
=C4=C0=FA=CA=B7=BC=C7=C2=BC=A1=A3=B5=AB LogMiner=20
          =
=CA=C7=D2=D4=B2=D9=D7=F7=A3=A8delta=A3=A9=B5=C4=D0=CE=CA=BD=A3=A8=B2=E5=C8=
=EB=A3=AC=B8=FC=D0=C2=A3=AC=C9=BE=B3=FD=A3=A9=C0=B4=B7=B4=D3=B3=D0=DE=B8=C4=
=B5=C4=C0=FA=CA=B7=BC=C7=C2=BC=B5=C4=A3=AC=B6=F8=B2=BB=C4=DC=D6=B1=BD=D3=BD=
=AB=D0=DE=B8=C4=C7=B0=BA=F3=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=D5=B9=CF=D6=B8=F8=D3=C3=BB=A7=
=A1=A3=B6=D4=D3=DA=C4=B3=D0=A9=D3=A6=D3=C3=C0=B4=CB=B5=A3=ACLogMiner=20
          =
=B5=C4=BD=E1=B9=FB=CA=B9=D3=C3=C6=F0=C0=B4=B2=BB=B9=BB=B7=BD=B1=E3=A1=A3 =
</LI></UL></BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">279</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H2><A name=3De.13.4.2></A>Some Uses of Flashback Query</H2></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H2><A name=3Dc.13.4.2></A>13.4.2 =
=BB=D8=C9=C1=B2=E9=D1=AF=B5=C4=D3=C3=CD=BE</H2></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">280</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">This =
section lists=20
      some ways to use Flashback Query.
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Self-Service =
Repair<BR><BR>Perhaps you=20
        accidentally deleted some important rows from a table and wanted =
to=20
        recover the deleted rows. To do the repair, you can move =
backward in=20
        time and see the missing rows and re-insert the deleted row into =
the=20
        current table.=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">E-mail or Voice Mail=20
        Applications<BR><BR>You might have deleted mail in the past. =
Using=20
        Flashback Query, you can restore the deleted mail by moving back =
in time=20
        and re-inserting the deleted message into the current message =
box.=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Account Balances<BR><BR>You =
can view=20
        account prior account balances as of a certain day in the month. =

        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><SPAN=20
        style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">Packaged=20
        Applications</SPAN><BR><BR>Packaged applications (like report =
generation=20
        tools) can make use of Flashback Query without any changes to=20
        application logic. Any constraints that the application expects =
are=20
        guaranteed to be satisfied, because users see a consistent =
version of=20
        the Database as of the given time or SCN. </LI></UL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=B1=BE=BD=DA=C1=D0=BE=D9=C1=CB=BB=D8=C9=C1=B2=E9=D1=AF=A3=A8=
Flashback Query=A3=A9=B5=C4=D2=BB=D0=A9=CA=B9=D3=C3=B7=BD=B7=A8=A1=A3
      <UL>
        <LI=20
        style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=CA=FD=BE=DD=D0=DE=B8=B4<BR><BR>=BC=D9=C9=E8=D3=C3=BB=A7=C9=BE=B3=FD=
=C1=CB=B1=ED=D6=D0=B5=C4=D6=D8=D2=AA=CA=FD=BE=DD=D0=E8=D2=AA=BD=F8=D0=D0=BB=
=D6=B8=B4=A1=A3=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=D2=D4=BB=D8=C9=C1=B2=E9=D1=AF=CA=FD=BE=DD=
=B1=ED=D6=D0=B9=FD=C8=A5=C4=B3=B8=F6=CA=B1=BC=E4=B5=E3=C9=CF=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=
=DD=A3=AC=B2=A2=BD=AB=B1=BB=C9=BE=B3=FD=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=D6=D8=D0=C2=B2=E5=
=C8=EB=B5=BD=B1=ED=D6=D0=A1=A3=20

        <LI=20
        style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=B5=E7=D7=D3=D3=CA=BC=FE=BB=F2=D3=EF=D2=F4=D3=CA=BC=FE=D3=A6=D3=C3<=
BR><BR>=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=C4=DC=BB=E1=C9=BE=B3=FD=D3=CA=BC=FE=A1=A3=CA=B9=
=D3=C3=BB=D8=C9=C1=B2=E9=D1=AF=A3=AC=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=D2=D4=D5=D2=B5=BD=B1=
=BB=C9=BE=B3=FD=B5=C4=D3=CA=BC=FE=B2=A2=D6=D8=D0=C2=B2=E5=C8=EB=B5=BD=CA=D5=
=BC=FE=CF=E4=D6=D0=A1=A3=20

        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=D5=CA=BB=A7=BD=E1=CB=E3=A3=A8account=20
        =
balance=A3=A9<BR><BR>=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=D2=D4=B2=E9=D1=AF=C4=B3=D2=BB=C8=D5=
=C6=DA=B5=C4=D5=CA=BB=A7=BD=E1=CB=E3=C7=E9=BF=F6=A1=A3=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=B9=A9=D4=A4=D6=C6=B5=C4=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=A3=A8packaged=20
        =
application=A3=A9=CA=B9=D3=C3<BR><BR>=D4=A4=D6=C6=B5=C4=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=
=D0=F2=A3=A8=C0=FD=C8=E7=B1=A8=B1=ED=C9=FA=B3=C9=B9=A4=BE=DF=A3=A9=BF=C9=D2=
=D4=C0=FB=D3=C3=BB=D8=C9=C1=B2=E9=D1=AF=B9=A6=C4=DC=B6=F8=CE=DE=D0=E8=D0=DE=
=B8=C4=B3=CC=D0=F2=B4=FA=C2=EB=A1=A3=D4=DA=BB=D8=C9=C1=B2=E9=D1=AF=C4=A3=CA=
=BD=CF=C2=A3=AC=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=CB=F9=D0=E8=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=D4=BC=
=CA=F8=B6=BC=C4=DC=B1=BB=C2=FA=D7=E3=A3=AC=D2=F2=CE=AA=BB=D8=C9=C1=B2=E9=D1=
=AF=B7=B4=D3=B3=B5=C4=CA=C7=C4=B3=D2=BB=CA=B1=BC=E4=B5=E3=C9=CF=C2=FA=D7=E3=
=D2=BB=D6=C2=D0=D4=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=D7=B4=CC=AC=A1=A3=20
        </LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">281</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">In addition, Flashback Query =
could be=20
      used after examination of audit information to see the =
before-image of the=20
      data.</SPAN> In DSS environments, it could be used for extraction =
of data=20
      as of a consistent point in time from OLTP systems.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=B4=CB=CD=E2=A3=AC=BB=D8=C9=C1=B2=E9=D1=AF=BF=C9=D2=D4=D3=C3=
=C0=B4=B6=D4=B1=C8=B2=BB=CD=AC=CA=B1=BC=E4=B5=E3=C9=CF=B5=C4=BC=E0=BF=D8=A3=
=A8audit=A3=A9=CA=FD=BE=DD=A1=A3=D4=DA=20
      DSS =
=CF=B5=CD=B3=D6=D0=A3=AC=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=D2=D4=CA=B9=D3=C3=BB=D8=C9=C1=B2=
=E9=D1=AF=C0=B4=B3=E9=C8=A1 OLTP =
=CF=B5=CD=B3=D6=D0=C4=B3=D2=BB=CA=B1=BC=E4=B5=E3=B5=C4=C2=FA=D7=E3=D2=BB=D6=
=C2=D0=D4=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">282</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>
        <P><B>See Also:</B></P>
        <UL>
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/appdev.102/b142=
51/toc.htm">Oracle=20
          Database Application Developer's Guide - Fundamentals</A> for =
more=20
          information about using Oracle Flashback Query=20
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/appdev.102/b142=
58/toc.htm">Oracle=20
          Database PL/SQL Packages and Types Reference</A> for a =
description of=20
          the <FONT color=3D#0000ff>DBMS_FLASHBACK</FONT> package=20
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b142=
31/toc.htm">Oracle=20
          Database Administrator's Guide</A> for information about undo=20
          tablespaces and setting retention period =
</LI></UL></BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>
        <P><B>=C1=ED=BC=FB=A3=BA</B></P>
        <UL>
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/appdev.102/b142=
51/toc.htm">Oracle=20
          Database Application Developer's Guide - Fundamentals</A>=20
          =
=C1=CB=BD=E2=B8=FC=B6=E0=B9=D8=D3=DA=C8=E7=BA=CE=CA=B9=D3=C3=BB=D8=C9=C1=B2=
=E9=D1=AF=B5=C4=D0=C5=CF=A2=20
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/appdev.102/b142=
58/toc.htm">Oracle=20
          Database PL/SQL Packages and Types Reference</A> =
=B2=E9=D1=AF=B9=D8=D3=DA <FONT=20
          color=3D#0000ff>DBMS_FLASHBACK</FONT> =B0=FC=B5=C4=C3=E8=CA=F6 =

          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b142=
31/toc.htm">Oracle=20
          Database Administrator's Guide</A> =
=C1=CB=BD=E2=B9=D8=D3=DA=B3=B7=CF=FA=B1=ED=BF=D5=BC=E4=B5=C4=D0=C5=CF=A2=BC=
=B0=C8=E7=BA=CE=C9=E8=D6=C3=B3=B7=CF=FA=D0=C5=CF=A2=B1=A3=B4=E6=D6=DC=C6=DA=
=20
      =
</LI></UL></BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><BR><B>=B7=AD=D2=EB=B2=BB=
=C8=B7=B6=A8=B5=C4=B4=CA=BB=E3=A3=A8=B8=F1=CA=BD=A3=BA</B><SPAN=20
style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">=BB=C6=C9=AB=B1=B3=BE=B0</SPAN><B> =
=A3=A9 =A1=A1</B><BR>
<HR>

<TABLE id=3Dtable2 width=3D"100%" border=3D0>
  <TBODY>
  <TR>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft>[280] Packaged=20
Applications</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><B><BR>=B7=AD=D2=EB=B2=BB=C8=B7=B6=A8=
=B5=C4Oracle/=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B4=CA=BB=E3=A3=A8=B8=F1=CA=BD=A3=BA</B><S=
PAN=20
style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">=BB=C6=C9=AB=B1=B3=BE=B0</SPAN><B> =
=A3=A9</B><BR>
<HR>

<TABLE id=3Dtable4 width=3D"100%" border=3D0>
  <TBODY>
  <TR>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft>[009] Preventable Phenomena<BR>[038] =
Cache=20
      Fusion<BR>[066] transaction set consistent<BR>[070] Dirty =
write<BR>[070]=20
      Read materialized view time<BR>[070] Readers block =
writers<BR>[070]=20
      Writers block readers<BR>[070] Different-row writers block=20
      writers<BR>[070] Same-row writers block writers<BR>[074] =
Referential=20
      Integrity<BR>[090] transaction arrival rates<BR>[100]=20
      read-locking<BR>[125] lost updates<BR>[128] lock =
conversion<BR>[129] row=20
      share table lock<BR>[129] row exclusive table lock<BR>[141]=20
      override<BR>[150] latches<BR>[167] row share<BR>[167] row=20
      exclusive<BR>[167] share<BR>[167] share row exclusive<BR>[167]=20
      exclusive<BR>[175] subshare table lock<BR>[182] subexclusive table =

      lock<BR>[195] share-subexclusive table lock<BR>[231] breakable =
parse=20
      lock<BR>[261] reserved user lock<BR>[272] table =
decoration<BR>[278]=20
    =
delta</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><B><BR>=B7=AD=D2=EB=B2=BB=C8=B7=B6=A8=B5=C4=
=BE=E4=D7=D3=A3=A8=B8=F1=CA=BD=A3=BA</B><SPAN=20
style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">=BB=C6=C9=AB=B1=B3=BE=B0</SPAN><B> =
=A3=A9</B><BR>
<HR>

<TABLE id=3Dtable5 width=3D"100%" border=3D0>
  <TBODY>
  <TR>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft>[080] The transaction can undo and =
retry only=20
      when the remote server does support serializable =
transactions.<BR>[100]=20
      Note that a conventional read-locking, pessimistic implementation =
of=20
      serializable mode would not be suitable for this environment=20
      either<BR>[139] The statement rolled back is the one belonging to =
the=20
      transaction that detects the deadlock. Usually, the signalled =
transaction=20
      should be rolled back explicitly, but it can retry the rolled-back =

      statement after waiting.<BR>[220] Recall that a DDL statement =
implicitly=20
      commits its transaction.<BR>[241] The implementation of latches is =

      operating system dependent, particularly in regard to whether and =
how long=20
      a process will wait for a latch.<BR>[274] Table decoration can be =
any=20
      arbitrary expression: a bind variable, a constant, a string, date=20
      operations, and so on.<BR>[281] In addition, Flashback Query could =
be used=20
      after examination of audit information to see the before-image of =
the=20
    =
data.</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><B><BR>=D7=A2=CA=CD=D0=D4=B5=C4=CE=C4=D7=D6=
=A3=A8=B8=F1=CA=BD=A3=BA</B>[<FONT=20
color=3D#008000>=C2=CC=C9=AB</FONT>]<B>=A3=A9</B><BR>
<HR>

<TABLE id=3Dtable6 width=3D"100%" border=3D0>
  <TBODY>
  <TR>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop=20
align=3Dleft>[070]<BR>[073]</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><B><BR>=CE=B4=CD=EA=B3=
=C9=B5=C4=C1=B4=BD=D3</B><BR>
<HR>

<TABLE id=3Dtable7 width=3D"100%" border=3D0>
  <TBODY>
  <TR>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft>[008] Data Integrity<BR>[276] Overview =
of Oracle=20
      Flashback Features</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><B><BR></B>translator: =
<A=20
href=3D"mailto:zw1840@hotmail.com">zw1840@hotmail.com</A> </BODY></HTML>

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