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<P><B><FONT size=3D6>4 Transaction Management</FONT></B></P>
<HR>

<TABLE id=3Dtable1 cellSpacing=3D1 width=3D"100%" border=3D0>
  <TBODY>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">001</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">This =
chapter defines=20
      a transaction and describes how you can manage your work using=20
      transactions.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=B1=BE=D5=C2=B2=FB=CA=F6=C1=CB=CA=C2=CE=F1=A3=A8transaction=
=A3=A9=B5=C4=B6=A8=D2=E5=A3=AC=B2=A2=BD=B2=BD=E2=C8=E7=BA=CE=CA=B9=D3=C3=CA=
=C2=CE=F1=C0=B4=B9=DC=C0=ED=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B2=D9=D7=F7=A1=A3</TD></TR>=

  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">002</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">This =
chapter=20
      contains the following topics:
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/04.Transaction%20Mana=
gement.htm#e.4.1">Introduction=20
        to Transactions</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/04.Transaction%20Mana=
gement.htm#e.4.2">Overview=20
        of Transaction Management</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/04.Transaction%20Mana=
gement.htm#e.4.3">Overview=20
        of <FONT color=3D#ff0000>Autonomous Transactions</FONT></A> =
</LI></UL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=B1=BE=D5=C2=B0=FC=BA=AC=D2=D4=CF=C2=D6=F7=CC=E2=A3=BA
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/04.Transaction%20Mana=
gement.htm#c.4.1">=CA=C2=CE=F1=A3=A8transaction=A3=A9=BC=F2=BD=E9</A>=20

        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/04.Transaction%20Mana=
gement.htm#c.4.2">=CA=C2=CE=F1=B9=DC=C0=ED=A3=A8transaction=20
        management=A3=A9=B8=C5=CA=F6</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/04.Transaction%20Mana=
gement.htm#c.4.3">=D7=D4=D6=CE=CA=C2=CE=F1=A3=A8autonomous=20
        transactions=A3=A9=B8=C5=CA=F6</A> </LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">003</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H1><SPAN style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 20pt"><A =
name=3De.4.1></A>Introduction to=20
      Transactions</SPAN></H1></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H1><A name=3Dc.4.1></A><SPAN style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 20pt">4.1=20
  =CA=C2=CE=F1=BC=F2=BD=E9</SPAN></H1></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">004</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">A =
<B>transaction</B>=20
      is a logical unit of work that contains one or more SQL =
statements. A=20
      transaction is an atomic unit. The effects of all the SQL =
statements in a=20
      transaction can be either all <B>committed</B> (applied to the =
database)=20
      or all <B>rolled back</B> (undone from the =
database).<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%"><B>=CA=C2=CE=F1</B>=A3=A8transaction=A3=A9=CA=C7=D3=C9=D2=BB=
=B8=F6=BB=F2=B6=E0=B8=F6 SQL=20
      =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=D7=E9=B3=C9=B5=C4=C2=DF=BC=AD=B2=D9=D7=F7=B5=A5=CE=BB=A3=A8l=
ogical unit of =
work=A3=A9=A1=A3=CA=C2=CE=F1=BE=DF=B1=B8=D4=AD=D7=D3=D0=D4=A3=A8atomic=A3=
=A9=A1=A3=D2=BB=B8=F6=CA=C2=CE=F1=C4=DA=CB=F9=D3=D0 SQL=20
      =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=B6=D4=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B2=FA=C9=FA=B5=C4=D3=B0=CF=EC=A3=AC=BB=
=F2=D5=DF=B1=BB=C8=AB=B2=BF<B>=CC=E1=BD=BB</B>=A3=A8committed=A3=A9=A3=A8=
=D7=F7=D3=C3=B5=BD=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=D6=D0=A3=A9=A3=AC=BB=F2=D5=DF=B1=BB=C8=
=AB=B2=BF<B>=BB=D8=B9=F6</B>=A3=A8rolled=20
      back=A3=A9=A3=A8=BD=AB=B6=D4=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B5=C4 =
=D0=DE=B8=C4=B3=B7=CF=FA=A3=A9=A1=A3</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">005</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">A =
transaction begins=20
      with the first executable SQL statement. A transaction ends when =
it is=20
      committed or rolled back, either explicitly with a <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>COMMIT</FONT> or <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>ROLLBACK</FONT>=20
      statement or implicitly when a DDL statement is =
issued.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=D2=BB=B8=F6=CA=C2=CE=F1=A3=A8transaction=A3=A9=BF=AA=CA=BC=
=D3=DA=D3=C3=BB=A7=CC=E1=BD=BB=B5=C4=B5=DA=D2=BB=CC=F5=BF=C9=D6=B4=D0=D0=B5=
=C4=A3=A8executable=A3=A9SQL=20
      =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=A3=AC=BD=E1=CA=F8=D3=DA=D6=AE=BA=F3=BD=F8=D0=D0=B5=C4=CC=E1=BD=
=BB=A3=A8commit=A3=A9=BB=F2=BB=D8=B9=F6=A3=A8roll =
back=A3=A9=B2=D9=D7=F7=A1=A3=CA=B9=D3=C3 <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>COMMIT</FONT>=20
      =BB=F2 <FONT color=3D#0000ff>ROLLBACK</FONT> =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=C4=DC=B9=BB=CF=D4=CA=BD=B5=D8=BD=E1=CA=F8=CA=C2=CE=F1=A3=AC=B6=
=F8=CC=E1=BD=BB=D2=BB=B8=F6 DDL=20
  =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=BF=C9=D2=D4=D2=FE=CA=BD=B5=D8=BD=E1=CA=F8=CA=C2=CE=F1=A1=A3<=
/TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">006</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">To =
illustrate the=20
      concept of a transaction, consider a banking database. When a bank =

      customer transfers money from a savings account to a checking =
account, the=20
      transaction can consist of three separate operations:
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Decrement the savings account=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Increment the checking account =

        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Record the transaction in the=20
        transaction journal </LI></UL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=CE=AA=C1=CB=D0=CE=CF=F3=B5=D8=BD=B2=BD=E2=CA=C2=CE=F1=B5=C4=
=B8=C5=C4=EE=A3=AC=BF=C9=D2=D4=D2=D4=D2=BB=B8=F6=D2=F8=D0=D0=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=
=E2=CE=AA=C0=FD=A1=A3=BC=D9=C9=E8=D2=BB=B8=F6=D2=F8=D0=D0=BF=CD=BB=A7=D0=E8=
=D2=AA=BD=AB=D7=CA=BD=F0=B4=D3=B4=A2=D0=EE=D5=CB=BB=A7=D7=AA=D2=C6=B5=BD=D6=
=A7=C6=B1=D5=CA=BB=A7=A3=AC=B4=A6=C0=ED=B4=CB=D2=B5=CE=F1=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=
=D3=A6=D3=C9=C8=FD=B8=F6=B6=C0=C1=A2=B5=C4=B2=D9=D7=F7=B9=B9=B3=C9=A3=BA
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=B4=D3=B4=A2=D0=EE=D5=CA=BB=A7=BF=DB=B3=FD=D7=CA=BD=F0=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=CF=F2=D6=A7=C6=B1=D5=CA=BB=A7=D7=A2=C8=EB=D7=CA=BD=F0=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=D4=DA=D2=B5=CE=F1=C8=D5=D6=BE=D6=D0=BC=C7=C2=BC=B4=CB=B4=CE=D2=B5=CE=
=F1 </LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">007</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle =
must allow=20
      for two situations. If all three SQL statements can be performed =
to=20
      maintain the accounts in proper balance, the effects of the =
transaction=20
      can be applied to the database. However, if a problem such as =
insufficient=20
      funds, invalid account number, or a hardware failure prevents one =
or two=20
      of the statements in the transaction from completing, the entire=20
      transaction must be rolled back so that the balance of all =
accounts is=20
      correct.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle =
=D0=E8=D2=AA=BF=BC=C2=C7=C1=BD=D6=D6=C7=E9=BF=F6=A1=A3=C8=E7=B9=FB=C8=FD=CC=
=F5 SQL=20
      =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=C8=AB=B2=BF=D5=FD=B3=A3=D6=B4=D0=D0=A3=AC=CA=B9=D5=CA=BB=A7=BC=
=E4=B5=C4=C6=BD=BA=E2=B5=C3=D2=D4=B1=A3=D6=A4=A3=AC=C4=C7=C3=B4=B4=CB=CA=C2=
=CE=F1=A3=A8transaction=A3=A9=D6=D0=B6=D4=CA=FD=BE=DD=B5=C4=D0=DE=B8=C4=BE=
=CD=BF=C9=D2=D4=D3=A6=D3=C3=B5=BD=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=D6=D0=A1=A3=B5=AB=CA=C7=
=C8=E7=B9=FB=B7=A2=C9=FA=D6=EE=C8=E7=D7=CA=BD=F0=B2=BB=D7=E3=A3=AC=D5=CB=BA=
=C5=B4=ED=CE=F3=A3=AC=BB=F2=D3=B2=BC=FE=B9=CA=D5=CF=B5=C8=CE=CA=CC=E2=A3=AC=
=B5=BC=D6=C2=CA=C2=CE=F1=D6=D0=D2=BB=20
      =CC=F5=BB=F2=C1=BD=CC=F5 SQL =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=B2=BB=C4=DC=D6=B4=D0=D0=A3=AC=C4=C7=C3=B4=D5=FB=B8=F6=CA=C2=CE=
=F1=B1=D8=D0=EB=B1=BB=BB=D8=B9=F6=A3=A8roll =
back=A3=A9=B2=C5=C4=DC=B1=A3=D6=A4=D5=CA=BB=A7=BC=E4=B5=C4=C6=BD=BA=E2=A1=
=A3</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">008</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%"><A=20
      =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/04.Transaction%20Mana=
gement.htm#e.f.4.1">Figure=20
      4-1</A> illustrates the banking transaction =
example.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%"><A=20
      =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/04.Transaction%20Mana=
gement.htm#c.f.4.1">=CD=BC4-1</A>=20
      =
=D5=B9=CA=BE=C1=CB=D2=F8=D0=D0=CA=C2=CE=F1=A3=A8transaction=A3=A9=B5=C4=C0=
=FD=D7=D3=A1=A3</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">009</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%"><A=20
      name=3De.f.4.1></A><I><B><FONT size=3D2>Figure 4-1 A Banking=20
      Transaction<BR>=A1=A1</FONT></B></I></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%"><A =
name=3Dc.f.4.1></A><I><B><FONT=20
      size=3D2>=CD=BC4-1 =
=D2=F8=D0=D0=CA=C2=CE=F1</FONT></B></I></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">010</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <P align=3Dcenter><A=20
      =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/img/e.cncpt025.gif"=20
      target=3D_blank><IMG title=3D"Description of Figure 4-1 follows" =
height=3D419=20
      alt=3D"Description of Figure 4-1 follows"=20
      =
src=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.C=
oncept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/img/e.cncpt025.gif"=20
      width=3D458 border=3D0></A><BR>=A1=A1</P></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <P align=3Dcenter><A=20
      =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/img/c.cncpt025.gif"=20
      target=3D_blank><IMG=20
      =
src=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.C=
oncept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/img/c.cncpt025.gif"=20
      border=3D0></A><BR>=A1=A1</P></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">011</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><FONT size=3D2>Figure 4-1 shows the SQL statement for =
the=20
        banking transaction example. The statement is divided into four =
blocks:=20
        </FONT>
        <UL>
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><FONT size=3D2>Decrement =
Savings=20
          Account</FONT>=20
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><FONT size=3D2>Increment =
Checking=20
          Account</FONT>=20
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><FONT size=3D2>Record in =
Transaction=20
          Journal</FONT>=20
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><FONT size=3D2>End =
Transaction</FONT>=20
          </LI></UL><FONT size=3D2>The SQL statement for the Decrement =
Savings=20
        Account is as follows:</FONT>
        <BLOCKQUOTE><FONT size=3D2>UPDATE savings_accounts<BR>SET =
balance =3D=20
          balance - 500<BR>WHERE account =3D 3209;</FONT></BLOCKQUOTE>
        <P><FONT size=3D2>The SQL statement for the Increment Checking =
Account is=20
        as follows:</FONT></P>
        <BLOCKQUOTE><FONT size=3D2>UPDATE checking_accounts<BR>SET =
balance =3D=20
          balance + 500<BR>WHERE account =3D3208;</FONT></BLOCKQUOTE>
        <P><FONT size=3D2>The SQL statement for Record in Transaction =
Journal is=20
        as follows:</FONT></P>
        <BLOCKQUOTE><FONT size=3D2>INSERT INTO journal=20
          VALUES<BR>(journal_seq.NEXTVAL, '1B', 3209, 3208,=20
        500;</FONT></BLOCKQUOTE><FONT size=3D2>The SQL statement for End =

        Transaction is as follows:</FONT>
        <BLOCKQUOTE><FONT size=3D2>COMMIT =
WORK;</FONT></BLOCKQUOTE></BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><FONT size=3D2>=CD=BC4-1 =
=CF=D4=CA=BE=C1=CB=D2=BB=B8=F6=D2=F8=D0=D0=CA=C2=CE=F1=A3=A8transaction=A3=
=A9=CB=F9=B0=FC=BA=AC=B5=C4 SQL=20
        =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=A1=A3=B4=CB=CA=C2=CE=F1=BF=C9=D2=D4=B7=D6=CE=AA=D2=D4=CF=C2=CB=
=C4=B2=BD=D6=E8=A3=BA </FONT>
        <UL>
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><FONT =
size=3D2>=B4=D3=B4=A2=D0=EE=D5=CA=BB=A7=BF=DB=B3=FD=D7=CA=BD=F0</FONT>=20
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><FONT =
size=3D2>=CF=F2=D6=A7=C6=B1=D5=CA=BB=A7=D7=A2=C8=EB=D7=CA=BD=F0</FONT>=20
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><FONT =
size=3D2>=D4=DA=D2=B5=CE=F1=C8=D5=D6=BE=D6=D0=BC=C7=C2=BC=B4=CB=B4=CE=D2=B5=
=CE=F1</FONT>=20
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><FONT =
size=3D2>=CA=C2=CE=F1=BD=E1=CA=F8</FONT> </LI></UL><FONT=20
        =
size=3D2>=B4=D3=B4=A2=D0=EE=D5=CA=BB=A7=BF=DB=B3=FD=D7=CA=BD=F0=B5=C4 =
SQL =D3=EF=BE=E4=C8=E7=CF=C2=A3=BA</FONT>
        <BLOCKQUOTE><FONT size=3D2>UPDATE savings_accounts<BR>SET =
balance =3D=20
          balance - 500<BR>WHERE account =3D 3209;</FONT></BLOCKQUOTE>
        <P><FONT =
size=3D2>=CF=F2=D6=A7=C6=B1=D5=CA=BB=A7=D7=A2=C8=EB=D7=CA=BD=F0=B5=C4 =
SQL =D3=EF=BE=E4=C8=E7=CF=C2=A3=BA</FONT></P>
        <BLOCKQUOTE><FONT size=3D2>UPDATE checking_accounts<BR>SET =
balance =3D=20
          balance + 500<BR>WHERE account =3D3208;</FONT></BLOCKQUOTE>
        <P><FONT =
size=3D2>=D4=DA=D2=B5=CE=F1=C8=D5=D6=BE=D6=D0=BC=C7=C2=BC=B4=CB=B4=CE=D2=B5=
=CE=F1=B5=C4 SQL =D3=EF=BE=E4=C8=E7=CF=C2=A3=BA</FONT></P>
        <BLOCKQUOTE><FONT size=3D2>INSERT INTO journal=20
          VALUES<BR>(journal_seq.NEXTVAL, '1B', 3209, 3208,=20
        500;</FONT></BLOCKQUOTE><FONT =
size=3D2>=BD=E1=CA=F8=CA=C2=CE=F1=B5=C4 SQL =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=C8=E7=CF=C2=A3=BA</FONT>
        <BLOCKQUOTE><FONT size=3D2>COMMIT=20
  WORK;</FONT></BLOCKQUOTE></BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">012</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H2>Statement Execution and Transaction Control</H2></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H2>4.1.1 =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=D6=B4=D0=D0=D3=EB=CA=C2=CE=F1=BF=D8=D6=C6</H2></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">013</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">A SQL =
statement that=20
      runs successfully is different from a committed transaction. =
Executing=20
      successfully means that a single statement was:
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Parsed=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Found to be a valid SQL =
construction=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Run without error as an atomic =
unit. For=20
        example, all rows of a multirow update are changed. =
</LI></UL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D2=BB=B8=F6=B3=C9=B9=A6=D6=B4=D0=D0=B5=C4 SQL=20
      =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=D3=EB=D2=BB=B8=F6=CC=E1=BD=BB=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=A3=A8transac=
tion=A3=A9=CA=C7=D3=D0=C7=F8=B1=F0=B5=C4=A1=A3=D2=BB=B8=F6 SQL =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=B3=C9=B9=A6=D6=B4=D0=D0=B1=ED=C3=F7=B4=CB=D3=EF=BE=E4=A3=BA
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">=BD=E2=CE=F6=D5=FD=B3=A3=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">=CA=C7=D3=D0=D0=A7=B5=C4 SQL =
=D3=EF=B7=A8=BD=E1=B9=B9=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=D7=F7=CE=AA=D2=BB=B8=F6=B6=C0=C1=A2=B5=C4=D3=EF=BE=E4=D4=CB=D0=D0=CE=
=DE=B4=ED=CE=F3=A1=A3=C0=FD=C8=E7=A3=AC=D4=DA=D2=BB=B8=F6=B6=E0=D0=D0=B8=FC=
=D0=C2=B2=D9=D7=F7=A3=A8multirow=20
        =
update=A3=A9=D6=D0=CB=F9=D3=D0=CA=FD=BE=DD=D0=D0=B6=BC=B1=BB=B3=C9=B9=A6=D0=
=DE=B8=C4=A1=A3 </LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">014</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">However, until the=20
      transaction that contains the statement is committed, the =
transaction can=20
      be rolled back, and all of the changes of the statement can be =
undone. A=20
      statement, rather than a transaction, runs =
successfully.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=B5=AB=CA=C7=D4=DA=B0=FC=BA=AC=B4=CB=D3=EF=BE=E4=B5=C4=CA=C2=
=CE=F1=A3=A8transaction=A3=A9=B1=BB=CC=E1=BD=BB=A3=A8commit=A3=A9=D6=AE=C7=
=B0=A3=AC=D5=FB=B8=F6=CA=C2=CE=F1=B6=BC=BF=C9=D2=D4=B1=BB=BB=D8=B9=F6=A3=A8=
roll=20
      =
back=A3=A9=A3=AC=CA=C2=CE=F1=C4=DA=CB=F9=D3=D0=D3=EF=BE=E4=B6=D4=CA=FD=BE=
=DD=BF=E2=B5=C4=D0=DE=B8=C4=B6=BC=BF=C9=D2=D4=B1=BB=B3=B7=CF=FA=A1=A3=BE=A1=
=B9=DC=B7=A2=C9=FA=C1=CB=BB=D8=B9=F6=A3=AC=CA=C2=CE=F1=C4=DA=B5=C4 SQL =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=C8=B4=CA=C7=B3=C9=B9=A6=D6=B4=D0=D0=B5=C4=A1=A3</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">015</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%"><B>Committing</B>=20
      means that a user has explicitly or implicitly requested that the =
changes=20
      in the transaction be made permanent. An explicit request occurs =
when the=20
      user issues a <FONT color=3D#0000ff>COMMIT</FONT> statement. An =
implicit=20
      request occurs after normal termination of an application or =
completion of=20
      a data definition language (DDL) operation. The changes made by =
the SQL=20
      statement(s) of a transaction become permanent and visible to =
other users=20
      only after that transaction commits. Queries that are issued after =
the=20
      transaction commits will see the committed changes.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%"><B>=CC=E1=BD=BB</B>=A3=A8commit=A3=A9=D2=E2=CE=B6=D7=C5=D3=C3=
=BB=A7=CF=D4=CA=BD=B5=D8=BB=F2=D2=FE=CA=BD=B5=D8=D2=AA=C7=F3=BD=AB=CA=C2=CE=
=F1=A3=A8transaction=A3=A9=D6=D0=B6=D4=CA=FD=BE=DD=B5=C4=D0=DE=B8=C4=D3=C0=
=BE=C3=B5=D8=BC=C7=C2=BC=B5=BD=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=D6=D0=A1=A3=B5=B1=D3=C3=BB=
=A7=D6=B4=D0=D0=20
      <FONT color=3D#0000ff>COMMIT</FONT> =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=CA=B1=BC=B4=CE=AA=CF=D4=CA=BD=B5=C4=CC=E1=BD=BB=B2=D9=D7=F7=A3=
=AC=B5=B1=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=D5=FD=B3=A3=BD=E1=CA=F8=
=BB=F2=D2=BB=B8=F6=CA=FD=BE=DD=B6=A8=D2=E5=D3=EF=BE=E4=A3=A8data=20
      definition =
language=A3=ACDDL=A3=A9=B3=C9=B9=A6=D6=B4=D0=D0=BA=F3=BD=AB=B7=A2=C9=FA=D2=
=FE=CA=BD =
=B5=C4=CC=E1=BD=BB=B2=D9=D7=F7=A1=A3=CA=C2=CE=F1=B1=BB=CC=E1=BD=BB=BA=F3=A3=
=AC=CA=C2=CE=F1=C4=DA SQL=20
      =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=B5=C4=B6=D4=CA=FD=BE=DD=B5=C4=D0=DE=B8=C4=BD=AB=B1=BB=D3=C0=BE=
=C3=B5=D8=BC=C7=C2=BC=B5=BD=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=D6=D0=A3=AC=C6=E4=CB=FB=D3=C3=
=BB=A7=BD=AB=C4=DC=B9=BB=BF=B4=B5=BD=D5=E2=D0=A9=B8=C4=B1=E4=A1=A3=D4=DA=CA=
=C2=CE=F1=CC=E1=BD=BB=BA=F3=D6=B4=D0=D0=B5=C4=B2=E9=D1=AF=BE=CD=C4=DC=BF=B4=
=B1=E4=BB=AF=BA=F3=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=C1=CB=A1=A3</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">016</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">You =
can name a=20
      transaction using the <FONT color=3D#0000ff>SET TRANSACTION ... =
NAME</FONT>=20
      statement before you start the transaction. This makes it easier =
to=20
      monitor long-running transactions and to resolve <FONT=20
      color=3D#ff0000>in-doubt distributed =
transactions</FONT>.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=D2=D4=D4=DA=BF=AA=CA=BC=D2=BB=B8=F6=CA=C2=
=CE=F1=A3=A8transaction=A3=A9=CA=B1=CA=B9=D3=C3 <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>SET TRANSACTION ... NAME</FONT>=20
      =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=CE=AA=B4=CB=CA=C2=CE=F1=C3=FC=C3=FB=A1=A3=D5=E2=D3=D0=D6=FA=D3=
=DA=D3=C3=BB=A7=BC=E0=BF=D8=B3=A4=CA=B1=BC=E4=D4=CB=D0=D0=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=
=A3=AC=D2=D4=BC=B0=B4=A6=C0=ED=B2=BB=BF=C9=D0=C5=B5=C4=B7=D6=B2=BC=CA=BD=CA=
=C2=CE=F1=A3=A8in-doubt distributed=20
    transaction=A3=A9=A1=A3</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">017</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>See Also:</B><BR><BR>"<A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/04.Transaction%20Mana=
gement.htm#e.4.2.4">Transaction=20
        Naming</A>"</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>=C1=ED=BC=FB=A3=BA</B><BR><BR>=A1=B0<A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/04.Transaction%20Mana=
gement.htm#e.4.2.4">=CA=C2=CE=F1=C3=FC=C3=FB</A>=A1=B1</BLOCKQUOTE></TD><=
/TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">018</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H2>Statement-Level Rollback</H2></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H2>4.1.2 =D3=EF=BE=E4=BC=B6=BB=D8=B9=F6</H2></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">019</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">If at =
any time=20
      during execution a SQL statement causes an error, all effects of =
the=20
      statement are rolled back. The effect of the rollback is as if =
that=20
      statement had never been run. This operation is a =
<B>statement-level=20
      rollback</B>.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=C8=E7=B9=FB=D4=DA=D2=BB=B8=F6 SQL=20
      =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=D4=DA=D6=B4=D0=D0=B9=FD=B3=CC=D6=D0=B7=A2=C9=FA=C1=CB=B4=ED=CE=
=F3=A3=AC=C4=C7=C3=B4=B4=CB=D3=EF=BE=E4=B6=D4=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B2=FA=C9=FA=
=B5=C4=D3=B0=CF=EC=BD=AB=B1=BB=BB=D8=B9=F6=A3=A8roll=20
      =
back=A3=A9=A1=A3=BB=D8=B9=F6=BA=F3=BE=CD=C8=E7=CD=AC=B4=CB=D3=EF=BE=E4=B4=
=D3=CE=B4=D6=B4=D0=D0=B9=FD=A1=A3=D5=E2=D6=D6=B2=D9=D7=F7=B1=BB=B3=C6=CE=AA=
<B>=D3=EF=BE=E4=BC=B6=BB=D8=B9=F6</B>=A3=A8statement-level =
rollback=A3=A9=A1=A3</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">020</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Errors =
discovered=20
      during SQL statement <B>execution</B> cause statement-level =
rollbacks. An=20
      example of such an error is attempting to insert a duplicate value =
in a=20
      primary key. Single SQL statements involved in a <B>deadlock</B>=20
      (competition for the same data) can also cause a statement-level =
rollback.=20
      Errors discovered during SQL statement <B>parsing</B>, such as a =
syntax=20
      error, have not yet been run, so they do not cause a =
statement-level=20
      rollback.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=D4=DA=D3=EF=BE=E4<B>=D6=B4=D0=D0</B>=A3=A8execution=A3=A9=B9=
=FD=B3=CC=D6=D0=B7=A2=C9=FA=B5=C4=B4=ED=CE=F3=BD=AB=BB=E1=B5=BC=D6=C2=D3=EF=
=BE=E4=BC=B6=BB=D8=B9=F6=A3=A8statement-level=20
      =
rollback=A3=A9=A3=AC=C0=FD=C8=E7=CF=F2=D2=BB=B8=F6=B1=ED=D6=D0=B2=E5=C8=EB=
=CA=FD=BE=DD=D4=EC=B3=C9=D6=F7=BC=FC=A3=A8primary=20
      =
key=A3=A9=D6=B5=D6=D8=B8=B4=BC=B4=CE=AA=B4=CB=C0=E0=B4=ED=CE=F3=A1=A3=D2=BB=
=B8=F6=D4=EC=B3=C9<B>=CB=C0=CB=F8</B>=A3=A8deadlock=A3=A9=A3=A8=B7=C3=CE=CA=
=CF=E0=CD=AC=CA=FD=BE=DD=B6=F8=B2=FA=C9=FA=B5=C4=BE=BA=D5=F9=A3=A9=B5=C4 =
SQL =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=D2=B2=BB=E1=B5=BC=D6=C2=D3=EF=BE=E4=BC=B6=BB=D8=B9=F6=A1=A3=B6=
=F8=D4=DA=20
      SQL =
=D3=EF=BE=E4<B>=BD=E2=CE=F6</B>=A3=A8parsing=A3=A9=B5=C4=B9=FD=B3=CC=D6=D0=
=B7=A2=CF=D6=B4=ED=CE=F3=A3=A8=C0=FD=C8=E7=D3=EF=B7=A8=B4=ED=CE=F3=A3=A9=A3=
=AC=D2=F2=CE=AA=B4=CB=D3=EF=BE=E4=BB=B9=C3=BB=D3=D0=B1=BB=D6=B4=D0=D0=A3=AC=
=CB=F9=D2=D4=B2=BB=BB=E1=B2=FA=C9=FA=D3=EF=BE=E4=BC=B6=BB=D8=B9=F6=A1=A3<=
/TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">021</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">A SQL =
statement that=20
      fails causes the loss only of any work it would have performed =
itself. It=20
      does not cause the loss of any work that preceded it in the =
current=20
      transaction. If the statement is a DDL statement, then the =
implicit commit=20
      that immediately preceded it is not undone.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">=D2=BB=B8=F6 SQL=20
      =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=D6=B4=D0=D0=CA=A7=B0=DC=D6=BB=BB=E1=CA=B9=B4=CB=D3=EF=BE=E4=CB=
=F9=D7=F6=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=D0=DE=B8=C4=CE=DE=D0=A7=A3=AC=B6=F8=B2=BB=BB=E1=
=B5=BC=D6=C2=B5=B1=C7=B0=CA=C2=CE=F1=A3=A8transaction=A3=A9=D6=D0=B4=CB=D3=
=EF=BE=E4=D6=AE=C7=B0=B5=C4=D3=EF=BE=E4=CB=F9=D7=F6=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=D0=DE=
=B8=C4=CA=A7=D0=A7=A1=A3=C8=E7=B9=FB=D6=B4=D0=D0=CA=A7=B0=DC=B5=C4=CA=C7 =

      DDL =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=A3=AC=C4=C7=C3=B4=D4=DA=B4=CB=D3=EF=BE=E4=D6=AE=C7=B0=D2=FE=CA=
=BD=D6=B4=D0=D0=B5=C4=CC=E1=BD=BB=A3=A8commit=A3=A9=B2=D9=D7=F7=B2=BB=BB=E1=
=B1=BB=B3=B7=CF=FA=A1=A3</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">022</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>Note:</B><BR><BR><SPAN=20
        style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">Users cannot directly refer =
to=20
        implicit savepoints in rollback =
statements.</SPAN></BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      =
<BLOCKQUOTE><B>=CC=E1=CA=BE=A3=BA</B><BR><BR>=D3=C3=BB=A7=B2=BB=C4=DC=D4=DA=
=BB=D8=B9=F6=D3=EF=BE=E4=A3=A8rollback=20
        =
statement=A3=A9=D6=D0=D6=B1=BD=D3=D2=FD=D3=C3=A3=A8refer=A3=A9=D2=FE=CA=BD=
=B5=C4=B1=A3=B4=E6=B5=E3=A3=A8implicit =
savepoint=A3=A9=A1=A3</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">023</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>See Also:</B><BR><BR>"<A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/a"=20
        target=3D_blank>Deadlocks</A>"</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>=C1=ED=BC=FB=A3=BA</B><BR><BR>=A1=B0<A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/a"=20
        target=3D_blank>=CB=C0=CB=F8</A>=A1=B1</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">024</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H2>Resumable Space Allocation</H2></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H2>4.1.3 =
=BF=C9=BB=D6=B8=B4=B5=C4=BF=D5=BC=E4=B7=D6=C5=E4=CE=CA=CC=E2</H2></TD></T=
R>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">025</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle =
provides a=20
      means for suspending, and later resuming, the execution of large =
database=20
      operations in the event of space allocation failures. This enables =
an=20
      administrator to take corrective action, instead of the Oracle =
database=20
      server returning an error to the user. After the error condition =
is=20
      corrected, the suspended operation automatically =
resumes.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=B5=B1=D2=BB=B8=F6=B3=D6=D0=F8=CA=B1=BC=E4=BD=CF=B3=A4=B5=C4=
=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B2=D9=D7=F7=D4=DA=D6=B4=D0=D0=B9=FD=B3=CC=D6=D0=D4=E2=D3=
=F6=BF=D5=BC=E4=B7=D6=C5=E4=CA=A7=B0=DC=CA=B1=A3=ACOracle=20
      =
=BF=C9=D2=D4=BD=AB=B4=CB=B2=D9=D7=F7=D4=DD=CA=B1=B9=D2=C6=F0=A3=A8suspend=
=A3=A9=A3=AC=B2=A2=D4=DA=BF=D5=BC=E4=B7=D6=C5=E4=CE=CA=CC=E2=BD=E2=BE=F6=BA=
=F3=BB=D6=B8=B4=A3=A8resume=A3=A9=C6=E4=D6=B4=D0=D0=A1=A3=B5=B1=B7=A2=C9=FA=
=BF=D5=BC=E4=B7=D6=C5=E4=CE=CA=CC=E2=CA=B1=A3=ACOracle=20
      =
=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B7=FE=CE=F1=C6=F7=B2=BB=BB=E1=C1=A2=BC=B4=B8=F8=D6=B4=D0=
=D0=B4=CB=B2=D9=D7=F7=B5=C4=D3=C3=BB=A7=B7=B5=BB=D8=B4=ED=CE=F3=CC=E1=CA=BE=
=A3=AC=B6=F8=CA=C7=B5=C8=B4=FD=B9=DC=C0=ED=D4=B1=BD=E2=BE=F6=B4=CB=CE=CA=CC=
=E2=A1=A3=B5=B1=BF=D5=BC=E4=B7=D6=C5=E4=CE=CA=CC=E2=B1=BB=BE=C0=D5=FD=BA=F3=
=A3=AC=B9=D2=C6=F0=B5=C4=B2=D9=D7=F7=BF=C9=D2=D4=D7=D4=B6=AF=B5=D8=BB=D6=B8=
=B4=D6=B4=D0=D0=A1=A3</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">026</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">A =
statement runs in=20
      a resumable mode only when the client explicitly enables resumable =

      semantics for the session using the <FONT color=3D#0000ff>ALTER=20
      SESSION</FONT> statement.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D6=BB=D3=D0=D4=DA=BF=CD=BB=A7=B6=CB=CA=B9=D3=C3 <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>ALTER=20
      SESSION</FONT> =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=B5=C4=D3=EF=B7=A8=CF=D4=CA=BD=B5=D8=BD=AB=BB=E1=BB=B0=A3=A8s=
ession=A3=A9=C9=E8=B6=A8=CE=AA=BF=C9=BB=D6=B8=B4=A3=A8 =
resumable=A3=A9=BA=F3=A3=ACSQL=20
      =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=B2=C5=C4=DC=D4=CB=D0=D0=D4=DA=BF=C9=BB=D6=B8=B4=C4=A3=CA=BD=CF=
=C2=A3=A8resumable mode=A3=A9=A1=A3</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">027</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Resumable space=20
      allocation is suspended when one of the following conditions =
occur:
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Out of space condition=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Maximum extents reached =
condition=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Space quota exceeded condition =

    </LI></UL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=B5=B1=C2=FA=D7=E3=D2=D4=CF=C2=CC=F5=BC=FE=D6=AE=D2=BB=CA=B1=
=A3=AC=D4=CB=D0=D0=D3=DA=BF=C9=BB=D6=B8=B4=B5=C4=BF=D5=BC=E4=B7=D6=C5=E4=C4=
=A3=CA=BD=CF=C2=B5=C4=D3=EF=BE=E4=BD=AB=B1=BB=B9=D2=C6=F0=A3=A8suspend=A3=
=A9=A3=BA
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">=CE=DE=BF=C9=D3=C3=BF=D5=BC=E4 =

        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=B4=EF=B5=BD=D7=EE=B4=F3=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=C0=A9=D5=B9=A3=A8maximum=
 extent=A3=A9=CF=DE=D6=C6=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=B3=AC=B3=F6=BF=D5=BC=E4=C5=E4=B6=EE=A3=A8space =
quota=A3=A9=CF=DE=D6=C6 </LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">028</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">For =
nonresumable=20
      space allocation, these conditions result in errors and the =
statement is=20
      rolled back.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D4=DA=B2=BB=BF=C9=BB=D6=B8=B4=B5=C4=BF=D5=BC=E4=B7=D6=C5=E4=
=C4=A3=CA=BD=CF=C2=A3=AC=D2=D4=C9=CF=CC=F5=BC=FE=BD=AB=B5=BC=D6=C2=D4=CB=D0=
=D0=B4=ED=CE=F3=A3=AC=B2=A2=CA=B9&nbsp;=20
      SQL =D3=EF=BE=E4=BB=D8=B9=F6=A3=A8roll back=A3=A9=A1=A3</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">029</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Suspending a=20
      statement automatically results in suspending the transaction. =
Thus all=20
      transactional resources are held through a statement suspend and=20
      resume.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=D3=EF=BE=E4=B1=BB=B9=D2=C6=F0=A3=A8suspend=A3=A9=BD=AB=B5=BC=
=D6=C2=C6=E4=CB=F9=D4=DA=CA=C2=CE=F1=A3=A8transaction=A3=A9=CD=AC=CA=B1=B1=
=BB=B9=D2=C6=F0=A1=A3=CA=C2=CE=F1=CB=F9=CA=B9=D3=C3=B5=C4=CB=F9=D3=D0=D7=CA=
=D4=B4=D4=DA=D3=EF=BE=E4=B9=D2=C6=F0=C6=DA=BC=E4=B6=BC=BD=AB=B1=BB=B1=A3=C1=
=F4=A1=A3</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">030</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">When =
the error=20
      condition disappears (for example, as a result of user =
intervention or=20
      perhaps sort space released by other queries), the suspended =
statement=20
      automatically resumes execution.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=B5=B1=B2=FA=C9=FA=B4=ED=CE=F3=B5=C4=CC=F5=BC=FE=CF=FB=B3=FD=
=BA=F3=A3=A8=C0=FD=C8=E7=A3=AC=B9=DC=C0=ED=D4=B1=BD=F8=D0=D0=C1=CB=B4=A6=C0=
=ED=A3=AC=BB=F2=C6=E4=CB=FB=B2=E9=D1=AF=CA=B9=D3=C3=B5=C4=C5=C5=D0=F2=BF=D5=
=BC=E4=A3=A8sort=20
      =
space=A3=A9=D2=D1=BE=AD=B1=BB=CA=CD=B7=C5=A3=A9=A3=AC=B1=BB=B9=D2=C6=F0=A3=
=A8suspend=A3=A9=B5=C4=D3=EF=BE=E4=BD=AB=D7=D4=B6=AF=B5=D8=BB=D6=B8=B4=A3=
=A8resume=A3=A9=D6=B4=D0=D0=A1=A3</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">031</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>See Also:</B><BR><BR><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/a"=20
        target=3D_blank>Oracle Database Administrator's Guide</A> for =
information=20
        about enabling resumable space allocation, what conditions are=20
        correctable, and what statements can be made =
resumable.</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>=C1=ED=BC=FB=A3=BA</B><BR><BR><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/a"=20
        target=3D_blank>Oracle =
=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B9=DC=C0=ED=D4=B1=D6=B8=C4=CF</A>=20
        =
=C1=CB=BD=E2=C8=E7=BA=CE=CA=B9=D3=C3=BF=C9=BB=D6=B8=B4=B5=C4=BF=D5=BC=E4=B7=
=D6=C5=E4=C4=A3=CA=BD=A3=AC=BA=CE=D6=D6=BF=D5=BC=E4=B7=D6=C5=E4=CE=CA=CC=E2=
=BF=C9=D2=D4=B1=BB=BE=C0=D5=FD=A3=AC=D2=D4=BC=B0=BA=CE=D6=D6=D3=EF=BE=E4=BF=
=C9=D2=D4=B1=BB=BB=D6=B8=B4=A1=A3</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">032</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H1><SPAN style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 20pt"><A name=3De.4.2></A>Overview =
of=20
      Transaction Management</SPAN></H1></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H1><A name=3Dc.4.2></A><SPAN style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 20pt">4.2=20
    =CA=C2=CE=F1=B9=DC=C0=ED=B8=C5=CA=F6</SPAN></H1></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">033</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">A =
transaction in=20
      Oracle begins when the first executable SQL statement is =
encountered. An=20
      <B>executable SQL statement</B> is a SQL statement that generates =
calls to=20
      an instance, including DML and DDL statements.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">=D4=DA Oracle =
=D6=D0=D2=BB=B8=F6=CA=C2=CE=F1=A3=A8transaction=A3=A9=BF=AA=CA=BC=D3=DA=CA=
=D7=B8=F6=BF=C9=D6=B4=D0=D0=B5=C4=20
      SQL =D3=EF=BE=E4=A3=A8executable SQL =
statement=A3=A9=A1=A3<B>=BF=C9=D6=B4=D0=D0=B5=C4 SQL=20
      =
=D3=EF=BE=E4</B>=D6=B8=B2=FA=C9=FA=C1=CB=B6=D4=CA=B5=C0=FD=A3=A8instance=A3=
=A9=B5=C4=B5=F7=D3=C3=A3=A8call=A3=A9=B5=C4 SQL =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=A3=AC=B0=FC=C0=A8 DML =BA=CD DDL =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=A1=A3</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">034</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">When a =
transaction=20
      begins, Oracle assigns the transaction to an available undo =
tablespace to=20
      record the rollback entries for the new =
transaction.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=B5=B1=D2=BB=B8=F6=CA=C2=CE=F1=A3=A8transaction=A3=A9=BF=AA=
=CA=BC=CA=B1=A3=ACOracle=20
      =
=CE=AA=B4=CB=CA=C2=CE=F1=B7=D6=C5=E4=D2=BB=B8=F6=BF=C9=D3=C3=B5=C4=B3=B7=CF=
=FA=B1=ED=BF=D5=BC=E4=A3=A8undo =
tablespace=A3=A9=C0=B4=BC=C7=C2=BC=C6=E4=B2=FA=C9=FA=B5=C4=BB=D8=B9=F6=CC=
=F5=C4=BF=A3=A8rollback entry=A3=A9=A1=A3</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">035</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">A =
transaction ends=20
      when any of the following occurs:
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">A user issues a <FONT=20
        color=3D#0000ff>COMMIT</FONT> or <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>ROLLBACK</FONT>=20
        statement without a <FONT color=3D#0000ff>SAVEPOINT</FONT> =
clause.=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">A user runs a DDL statement =
such as=20
        <FONT color=3D#0000ff>CREATE</FONT>, <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>DROP</FONT>,=20
        <FONT color=3D#0000ff>RENAME</FONT>, or <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>ALTER</FONT>.=20
        If the current transaction contains any DML statements, Oracle =
first=20
        commits the transaction, and then runs and commits the DDL =
statement as=20
        a new, single statement transaction.=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">A user disconnects from =
Oracle. The=20
        current transaction is committed.=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">A user process terminates =
abnormally.=20
        The current transaction is rolled back. </LI></UL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D2=BB=B8=F6=CA=C2=CE=F1=A3=A8transaction=A3=A9=D4=DA=C2=FA=
=D7=E3=D2=D4=CF=C2=CC=F5=BC=FE=D6=AE=D2=BB=CA=B1=BD=E1=CA=F8=A3=BA
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">=D3=C3=BB=A7=CC=E1=BD=BB=C1=CB =
<FONT color=3D#0000ff>COMMIT</FONT>=20
        =D3=EF=BE=E4=A3=AC=BB=F2=B2=BB=B0=FC=BA=AC <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>SAVEPOINT</FONT> =D7=D3=BE=E4=B5=C4 <FONT=20
        color=3D#0000ff>ROLLBACK</FONT> =D3=EF=BE=E4=A1=A3=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">=D3=C3=BB=A7=D6=B4=D0=D0=C1=CB =
<FONT=20
        color=3D#0000ff>CREATE</FONT>=A3=AC<FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>DROP</FONT>=A3=AC<FONT=20
        color=3D#0000ff>RENAME</FONT>=A3=AC=BB=F2<FONT color=3D#0000ff> =
ALTER</FONT> =B5=C8 DDL=20
        =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=A1=A3=C8=E7=B9=FB=B5=B1=C7=B0=CA=C2=CE=F1=D6=D0=B0=FC=BA=AC =
DML =D3=EF=BE=E4=A3=AC=C4=C7=C3=B4 Oracle =
=CA=D7=CF=C8=CC=E1=BD=BB=A3=A8commit=A3=A9=B4=CB=CA=C2=CE=F1=A3=AC=C8=BB=BA=
=F3=BD=AB DLL =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=D7=F7=CE=AA=D2=BB=B8=F6=D6=BB=B0=FC=BA=AC=D2=BB=CC=F5 SQL=20
        =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=B5=C4=D0=C2=CA=C2=CE=F1=D4=CB=D0=D0=B2=A2=CC=E1=BD=BB=A1=A3 =

        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=D3=C3=BB=A7=B6=CF=BF=AA=C1=CB=D3=EB Oracle =
=B5=C4=C1=AC=BD=D3=A1=A3=B5=B1=C7=B0=CA=C2=CE=F1=BD=AB=B1=BB=CC=E1=BD=BB=A1=
=A3=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=D3=C3=BB=A7=BD=F8=B3=CC=D2=EC=B3=A3=BD=E1=CA=F8=A1=A3=D4=F2=B5=B1=C7=
=B0=CA=C2=CE=F1=B1=BB=BB=D8=B9=F6=A3=A8roll back=A3=A9=A1=A3=20
  </LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">036</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">After =
one=20
      transaction ends, the next executable SQL statement automatically =
starts=20
      the following transaction.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=B5=B1=D2=BB=B8=F6=CA=C2=CE=F1=A3=A8transaction=A3=A9=BD=E1=
=CA=F8=BA=F3=A3=AC=CF=C2=D2=BB=B8=F6=BF=C9=D6=B4=D0=D0=B5=C4 SQL=20
      =D3=EF=BE=E4=A3=A8executable SQL =
statement=A3=A9=BD=AB=BB=E1=D7=D4=B6=AF=B5=D8=BF=AA=CA=BC=D2=BB=B8=F6=D0=C2=
=CA=C2=CE=F1=A1=A3</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">037</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>Note:</B><BR><BR>Applications should always =
explicitly=20
        commit or undo transactions before program =
termination.</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      =
<BLOCKQUOTE><B>=CC=E1=CA=BE=A3=BA</B><BR><BR>=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=D4=DA=
=CD=CB=B3=F6=CA=B1=D3=A6=B8=C3=CF=D4=CA=BE=B5=D8=BD=F8=D0=D0=CC=E1=BD=BB=A3=
=A8commit=A3=A9=BB=F2=BB=D8=B9=F6=A3=A8roll=20
      back=A3=A9=B2=D9=D7=F7=A1=A3</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">038</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H2>Commit Transactions</H2></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H2>4.2.1 =CA=C2=CE=F1=CC=E1=BD=BB</H2></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">039</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Committing a=20
      transaction means making permanent the changes performed by the =
SQL=20
      statements within the transaction.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=CC=E1=BD=BB=A3=A8commit=A3=A9=D2=BB=B8=F6=CA=C2=CE=F1=A3=A8=
transaction=A3=A9=D2=E2=CE=B6=D7=C5=BD=AB=B4=CB=CA=C2=CE=F1=D6=D0=20
      SQL =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=B6=D4=CA=FD=BE=DD=B5=C4=D0=DE=B8=C4=D3=C0=BE=C3=B5=D8=BC=C7=C2=
=BC=B5=BD=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=D6=D0=A1=A3</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">040</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Before =
a transaction=20
      that modifies data is committed, the following has occurred:
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Oracle has generated undo =
information.=20
        The undo information contains the old data values changed by the =
SQL=20
        statements of the transaction.=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Oracle has generated redo log =
entries in=20
        the redo log buffer of the SGA. The redo log record contains the =
change=20
        to the data block and the change to the rollback block. <SPAN=20
        style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">These changes may go to disk =
before a=20
        transaction is committed.</SPAN>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">The changes have been made to =
the=20
        database buffers of the SGA. <SPAN=20
        style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">These changes may go to disk =
before a=20
        transaction is committed.</SPAN> </LI></UL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=D4=DA=D2=BB=B8=F6=D0=DE=B8=C4=C1=CB=CA=FD=BE=DD=B5=C4=CA=C2=
=CE=F1=A3=A8transaction=A3=A9=B1=BB=CC=E1=BD=BB=D6=AE=C7=B0=A3=ACOracle=BD=
=F8=D0=D0=C1=CB=D2=D4=CF=C2=B2=D9=D7=F7=A3=BA
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">Oracle=C9=FA=B3=C9=C1=CB=B3=B7=CF=FA=D0=C5=CF=A2=A3=A8undo=20
        =
information=A3=A9=A1=A3=B3=B7=CF=FA=D0=C5=CF=A2=B0=FC=BA=AC=C1=CB=CA=C2=CE=
=F1=D6=D0=B8=F7=B8=F6 SQL =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=CB=F9=D0=DE=B8=C4=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=B5=C4=D4=AD=CA=BC=D6=B5=A1=
=A3=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Oracle=D4=DA SGA =
=B5=C4=D6=D8=D7=F6=C8=D5=D6=BE=BB=BA=B3=E5=C7=F8=A3=A8redo log=20
        =
buffer=A3=A9=D6=D0=C9=FA=B3=C9=C1=CB=D6=D8=D7=F6=C8=D5=D6=BE=CC=F5=C4=BF=A3=
=A8redo log =
entry=A3=A9=A1=A3=D6=D8=D7=F6=C8=D5=D6=BE=BC=C7=C2=BC=A3=A8redo log =
record=A3=A9=D6=D0=B0=FC=BA=AC=C1=CB=B6=D4=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E9=A3=A8data=20
        block=A3=A9=BA=CD=BB=D8=B9=F6=BF=E9=A3=A8rollback =
block=A3=A9=CB=F9=BD=F8=D0=D0=B5=C4=D0=DE=B8=C4=B2=D9=D7=F7=A1=A3=D5=E2=D0=
=A9=BC=C7=C2=BC=BF=C9=C4=DC=D4=DA=CA=C2=CE=F1=CC=E1=BD=BB=D6=AE=C7=B0=B1=BB=
=D0=B4=C8=EB=B4=C5=C5=CC=A1=A3=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=B6=D4=CA=FD=BE=DD=B5=C4=D0=DE=B8=C4=D2=D1=BE=AD=B1=BB=D0=B4=C8=EB =
SGA =D6=D0=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=BB=BA=B3=E5=C7=F8=A3=A8database=20
        =
buffer=A3=A9=A1=A3=D5=E2=D0=A9=D0=DE=B8=C4=BF=C9=C4=DC=D4=DA=CA=C2=CE=F1=CC=
=E1=BD=BB=D6=AE=C7=B0=B1=BB=D0=B4=C8=EB=B4=C5=C5=CC=A1=A3 =
</LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">041</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>Note:</B><BR><BR>The data changes for a committed=20
        transaction, stored in the database buffers of the SGA, are not=20
        necessarily written immediately to the datafiles by the database =
writer=20
        (DBWn) background process. This writing takes place when it is =
most=20
        efficient for the database to do so. It can happen before the=20
        transaction commits or, alternatively, it can happen some time =
after the=20
        transaction commits. </BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      =
<BLOCKQUOTE><B>=CC=E1=CA=BE=A3=BA</B><BR><BR>=D2=D1=CC=E1=BD=BB=CA=C2=CE=F1=
=A3=A8committed =
transaction=A3=A9=D6=D0=B6=D4=CA=FD=BE=DD=B5=C4=D0=DE=B8=C4=B1=BB=B4=E6=B4=
=A2=D4=DA=20
        SGA =B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=BB=BA=B3=E5=C7=F8=A3=A8database =
buffer=A3=A9=D6=D0=A3=AC=CB=FD=C3=C7=B2=BB=D2=BB=B6=A8=C1=A2=BC=B4=B1=BB=BA=
=F3=CC=A8=BD=F8=B3=CC DBWn=20
        =
=D0=B4=C8=EB=CA=FD=BE=DD=CE=C4=BC=FE=A3=A8datafile=A3=A9=C4=DA=A1=A3Oracl=
e=BD=AB=D1=A1=D4=F1=CA=CA=B5=B1=B5=C4=CA=B1=BB=FA=BD=F8=D0=D0=D0=B4=B2=D9=
=D7=F7=D2=D4=B1=A3=D6=A4=CF=B5=CD=B3=B5=C4=D0=A7=C2=CA=A1=A3=D2=F2=B4=CB=D0=
=B4=B2=D9=D7=F7=BC=C8=BF=C9=C4=DC=B7=A2=C9=FA=D4=DA=CA=C2=CE=F1=CC=E1=BD=BB=
=D6=AE=C7=B0=A3=AC=D2=B2=BF=C9=C4=DC=D4=DA=CC=E1=BD=BB=D6=AE=BA=F3=A1=A3<=
/BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">042</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">When a =
transaction=20
      is committed, the following occurs:
      <OL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">The internal transaction table =
for the=20
        associated undo tablespace records that the transaction has =
committed,=20
        and the corresponding unique <FONT color=3D#ff0000>system change =

        number</FONT> (SCN) of the transaction is assigned and recorded =
in the=20
        table.=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">The log writer process (LGWR) =
writes=20
        redo log entries in the SGA's redo log buffers to the redo log =
file. It=20
        also writes the transaction's SCN to the redo log file. <SPAN=20
        style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">This atomic event =
constitutes the=20
        commit of the transaction.</SPAN>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Oracle releases locks held on =
rows and=20
        tables.=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Oracle marks the transaction =
complete.=20
        </LI></OL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=B5=B1=CA=C2=CE=F1=A3=A8transaction=A3=A9=B1=BB=CC=E1=BD=BB=
=D6=AE=BA=F3=A3=ACOracle=BD=F8=D0=D0=D2=D4=CF=C2=B2=D9=D7=F7=A3=BA
      <OL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=B3=B7=CF=FA=B1=ED=BF=D5=BC=E4=A3=A8undo =
tablespace=A3=A9=C4=DA=B2=BF=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=B1=ED=A3=A8transaction=20
        =
table=A3=A9=BD=AB=BC=C7=C2=BC=B4=CB=B4=CE=CC=E1=BD=BB=A3=A8commit=A3=A9=A3=
=ACOracle=CE=AA=B4=CB=CA=C2=CE=F1=B7=D6=C5=E4=D2=BB=B8=F6=CE=A8=D2=BB=B5=C4=
=CF=B5=CD=B3=B1=E4=BB=AF=B1=E0=BA=C5=A3=A8system change=20
        =
number=A3=ACSCN=A3=A9=A3=AC=B2=A2=BD=AB=C6=E4=BC=C7=C2=BC=D4=DA=CA=C2=CE=F1=
=B1=ED=D6=D0=A1=A3=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=D6=D8=D7=F6=C8=D5=D6=BE=D0=B4=BD=F8=B3=CC=A3=A8The log writer =
process=A3=ACLGWR=A3=A9=BD=AB=20
        SGA =C4=DA=D6=D8=D7=F6=C8=D5=D6=BE=BB=BA=B3=E5=C7=F8=A3=A8redo =
log =
buffer=A3=A9=D6=D0=B5=C4=D6=D8=D7=F6=C8=D5=D6=BE=CC=F5=C4=BF=A3=A8redo =
log =
entry=A3=A9=D0=B4=C8=EB=D6=D8=D7=F6=C8=D5=D6=BE=CE=C4=BC=FE=A3=A8redo =
log=20
        file=A3=A9=A1=A3=CD=AC=CA=B1=BB=B9=BD=AB=B4=CB=CA=C2=CE=F1=B5=C4 =
SCN =
=D2=B2=D0=B4=C8=EB=D6=D8=D7=F6=C8=D5=D6=BE=CE=C4=BC=FE=A1=A3=D3=C9=D2=D4=C9=
=CF=C1=BD=B8=F6=B2=D9=D7=F7=B9=B9=B3=C9=B5=C4=D4=AD=D7=D3=CA=C2=BC=FE=A3=A8=
atomic =
event=A3=A9=B1=EA=D6=BE=D7=C5=D2=BB=B8=F6=CA=C2=CE=F1=B3=C9=B9=A6=B5=D8=CC=
=E1=BD=BB=A1=A3=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">Oracle=CA=CD=B7=C5=BC=D3=D3=DA=B1=ED=BB=F2=CA=FD=BE=DD=D0=D0=C9=CF=B5=
=C4=CB=F8=A3=A8lock=A3=A9=A1=A3=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">Oracle=BD=AB=CA=C2=CE=F1=B1=EA=BC=C7=CE=AA=CD=EA=B3=C9=A1=A3 =
</LI></OL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">043</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>Note:</B><BR><BR>The default behavior is for LGWR =
to=20
        write redo to the online redo log files synchronously and for=20
        transactions to wait for the redo to go to disk before returning =
a=20
        commit to the user. However, for lower transaction commit =
latency=20
        application developers can specify that redo be written =
asynchronously=20
        and that transactions do not need to wait for the redo to be on=20
      disk.</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      =
<BLOCKQUOTE><B>=CC=E1=CA=BE=A3=BA</B><BR><BR>=D4=DA=C4=AC=C8=CF=D7=B4=CC=AC=
=CF=C2=A3=ACLGWR =BD=AB=D6=D8=D7=F6=D0=C5=CF=A2=A3=A8redo=20
        =
log=A3=A9=D0=B4=C8=EB=C1=AA=BB=FA=D6=D8=D7=F6=C8=D5=D6=BE=CE=C4=BC=FE=A3=A8=
online redo log =
file=A3=A9=B5=C4=B9=A4=D7=F7=D3=A6=D3=EB=CA=C2=CE=F1=A3=A8transaction=20
        =
commit=A3=A9=CC=E1=BD=BB=CD=AC=B2=BD=A3=AC=D6=D8=D7=F6=D0=C5=CF=A2=D0=B4=C8=
=EB=B4=C5=C5=CC=BA=F3=CF=B5=CD=B3=B2=C5=C4=DC=CD=A8=D6=AA=D3=C3=BB=A7=CC=E1=
=BD=BB=A3=A8commit=A3=A9=BD=E1=CA=F8=A1=A3=B5=AB=CA=C7=CE=AA=C1=CB=CB=F5=B6=
=CC=CA=C2=CE=F1=CC=E1=BD=BB=B4=F8=C0=B4=B5=C4=D1=D3=B3=D9=A3=AC=D3=A6=D3=C3=
=BF=AA=B7=A2=D5=DF=BF=C9=D2=D4=C9=E8=B6=A8=CA=C2=CE=F1=CC=E1=BD=BB=20
        =
=D3=EB=D6=D8=D7=F6=D0=C5=CF=A2=D0=B4=C8=EB=D2=EC=B2=BD=B5=D8=D6=B4=D0=D0=A3=
=AC=BC=B4=CA=C2=CE=F1=CC=E1=BD=BB=CE=DE=D0=E8=B5=C8=B4=FD=D6=D8=D7=F6=D0=C5=
=CF=A2=B1=BB=D0=B4=C8=EB=B4=C5=C5=CC=BE=CD=BF=C9=D2=D4=BD=E1=CA=F8=A1=A3<=
/BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">044</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>
        <P><B>See Also:</B></P>
        <UL>
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/a"=20
          target=3D_blank>Oracle Database Application Developer's Guide =
-=20
          Fundamentals</A> for more information on asynchronous commit=20
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">"<A=20
          =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/a"=20
          target=3D_blank>Overview of Locking Mechanisms</A>"=20
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">"<A=20
          =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/a"=20
          target=3D_blank>Overview of Oracle Processes</A>" for more =
information=20
          about the background processes LGWR and DBWn =
</LI></UL></BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>
        <P><B>=C1=ED=BC=FB=A3=BA</B></P>
        <UL>
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/a"=20
          target=3D_blank>Oracle =
=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=D3=A6=D3=C3=BF=AA=B7=A2=D5=DF=D6=B8=C4=CF - =
=BB=F9=B4=A1=C6=AA</A> =
=C1=CB=BD=E2=B9=D8=D3=DA=D2=EC=B2=BD=CC=E1=BD=BB=B5=C4=CF=EA=CF=B8=D0=C5=CF=
=A2=20
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">=A1=B0<A=20
          =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/a"=20
          target=3D_blank>=CB=F8=BB=FA=D6=C6=B8=C5=CA=F6</A>=A1=B1=20
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">=A1=B0<A=20
          =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/a"=20
          =
target=3D_blank>Oracle=BD=F8=B3=CC=B8=C5=CA=F6</A>=A1=B1=C1=CB=BD=E2=BA=F3=
=CC=A8=BD=F8=B3=CC LGWR =BA=CD DBWn=20
  </LI></UL></BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">045</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H2>Rollback of Transactions</H2></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H2>4.2.2 =CA=C2=CE=F1=BB=D8=B9=F6</H2></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">046</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%"><B>Rolling back</B>=20
      means undoing any changes to data that have been performed by SQL=20
      statements within an uncommitted transaction. Oracle uses undo =
tablespaces=20
      (or rollback segments) to store old values. The redo log contains =
a record=20
      of changes.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%"><B>=BB=D8=B9=F6</B>=A3=A8rolling=20
      =
back=A3=A9=B5=C4=BA=AC=D2=E5=CA=C7=B3=B7=CF=FA=D2=BB=B8=F6=CE=B4=CC=E1=BD=
=BB=CA=C2=CE=F1=A3=A8uncommitted =
transaction=A3=A9=D6=D0=D2=D1=D6=B4=D0=D0=B5=C4 SQL=20
      =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=B6=D4=CA=FD=BE=DD=B5=C4=D0=DE=B8=C4=A1=A3Oracle=CA=B9=D3=C3=B3=
=B7=CF=FA=B1=ED=BF=D5=BC=E4=A3=A8undo =
tablespace=A3=A9=A3=A8=BB=F2=BB=D8=B9=F6=B6=CE=A3=A8rollback=20
      =
segment=A3=A9=A3=A9=C0=B4=B4=E6=B4=A2=B1=BB=D0=DE=B8=C4=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=
=B5=C4=D4=AD=CA=BC=D6=B5=A1=A3=B6=F8=D6=D8=D7=F6=C8=D5=D6=BE=A3=A8redo =
log=A3=A9=C4=DA=D4=F2=B1=A3=B4=E6=C1=CB=B6=D4=CA=FD=BE=DD=D0=DE=B8=C4=B2=D9=
=D7=F7=B5=C4=BC=C7=C2=BC=A1=A3</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">047</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle =
lets you roll=20
      back an entire uncommitted transaction. Alternatively, you can =
roll back=20
      the trailing portion of an uncommitted transaction to a marker =
called a=20
      savepoint.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=D2=D4=BB=D8=B9=F6=A3=A8roll =
back=A3=A9=D5=FB=B8=F6=CE=B4=CC=E1=BD=BB=CA=C2=CE=F1=A3=A8uncommitted=20
      =
transaction=A3=A9=A1=A3=B3=FD=B4=CB=D6=AE=CD=E2=A3=AC=D3=C3=BB=A7=BB=B9=BF=
=C9=D2=D4=B2=BF=B7=D6=BB=D8=B9=F6=CE=B4=CC=E1=BD=BB=CA=C2=CE=F1=A3=AC=BC=B4=
=B4=D3=CA=C2=CE=F1=B5=C4=D7=EE=C4=A9=B6=CB=BB=D8=B9=F6=B5=BD=CA=C2=CE=F1=D6=
=D0=C8=CE=D2=E2=D2=BB=B8=F6=B1=BB=B3=C6=CE=AA=B1=A3=B4=E6=B5=E3=A3=A8save=
point=A3=A9=B5=C4=B1=EA=BC=C7=B4=A6=A1=A3</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">048</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">All =
types of=20
      rollbacks use the same procedures:
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Statement-level rollback (due =
to=20
        statement or deadlock execution error)=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Rollback to a savepoint=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Rollback of a transaction due =
to user=20
        request=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Rollback of a transaction due =
to=20
        abnormal process termination=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Rollback of all outstanding =
transactions=20
        when an instance terminates abnormally=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Rollback of incomplete =
transactions=20
        during recovery </LI></UL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D2=D4=CF=C2=B8=F7=D6=D6=C0=E0=D0=CD=BB=D8=B9=F6=B2=D9=D7=F7=
=A3=A8rollback=A3=A9=B5=C4=B9=FD=B3=CC=BB=F9=B1=BE=CF=E0=CD=AC=A3=BA
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=D3=EF=BE=E4=BC=B6=BB=D8=B9=F6=A3=A8tatement-level=20
        =
rollback=A3=A9=A3=A8=D3=C9=D3=DA=D3=EF=BE=E4=D6=B4=D0=D0=B4=ED=CE=F3=BB=F2=
=CB=C0=CB=F8=A3=A8deadlock=A3=A9=D4=EC=B3=C9=A3=A9=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=BB=D8=B9=F6=B5=BD=D2=BB=B8=F6=B1=A3=B4=E6=B5=E3=A3=A8savepoint=A3=A9=
=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=D2=C0=BE=DD=D3=C3=BB=A7=C7=EB=C7=F3=BB=D8=B9=F6=D2=BB=B8=F6=CA=C2=CE=
=F1=A3=A8transaction=A3=A9=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=D3=C9=D3=DA=BD=F8=B3=CC=D2=EC=B3=A3=D6=D5=D6=B9=B6=F8=BB=D8=B9=F6=D2=
=BB=B8=F6=CA=C2=CE=F1=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=D3=C9=D3=DA=CA=B5=C0=FD=A3=A8instance=A3=A9=D2=EC=B3=A3=D6=D5=D6=B9=
=B6=F8=BB=D8=B9=F6=CB=F9=D3=D0=D5=FD=D4=DA=D6=B4=D0=D0=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1 =

        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=D4=DA=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=BB=D6=B8=B4=A3=A8recovery=A3=A9=B9=FD=B3=CC=
=D6=D0=BB=D8=B9=F6=B2=BB=CD=EA=D5=FB=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=20
  </LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">049</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">In =
rolling back an=20
      entire transaction, without referencing any savepoints, the =
following=20
      occurs:
      <OL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Oracle undoes all changes made =
by all=20
        the SQL statements in the transaction by using the corresponding =
undo=20
        tablespace.=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Oracle releases all the =
transaction's=20
        locks of data.=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">The transaction ends. =
</LI></OL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=B2=BB=BF=BC=C2=C7=B1=A3=B4=E6=B5=E3=A3=A8savepoint=A3=A9=B6=
=F8=BB=D8=B9=F6=A3=A8rolling=20
      =
back=A3=A9=D5=FB=B8=F6=CA=C2=CE=F1=A3=A8transaction=A3=A9=B5=C4=B9=FD=B3=CC=
=C8=E7=CF=C2=A3=BA
      <OL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">Oracle=CA=B9=D3=C3=CF=E0=B9=D8=B3=B7=CF=FA=B1=ED=BF=D5=BC=E4=A3=A8u=
ndo=20
        =
tablespace=A3=A9=C4=DA=B5=C4=D0=C5=CF=A2=C0=B4=B3=B7=CF=FA=CA=C2=CE=F1=C4=
=DA=CB=F9=D3=D0 SQL =D3=EF=BE=E4=B6=D4=CA=FD=BE=DD=B5=C4=D0=DE=B8=C4=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">Oracle=CA=CD=B7=C5=CA=C2=CE=F1=D6=D0=CA=B9=D3=C3=B5=C4=CB=F9=D3=D0=CB=
=F8=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">=CA=C2=CE=F1=BD=E1=CA=F8 =
</LI></OL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">050</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>
        <P><B>See Also:</B></P>
        <UL>
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">"<A=20
          =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/04.Transaction%20Mana=
gement.htm#e.4.2.3"=20
          target=3D_self>Savepoints In Transactions</A>"=20
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">"<A=20
          =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/a"=20
          target=3D_blank>Overview of Locking Mechanisms</A>"=20
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/a"=20
          target=3D_blank>Oracle Database Backup and Recovery Basics</A> =
for=20
          information about what happens to committed and uncommitted =
changes=20
          during recovery </LI></UL></BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>
        <P><B>=C1=ED=BC=FB=A3=BA</B></P>
        <UL>
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">=A1=B0<A=20
          =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/04.Transaction%20Mana=
gement.htm#c.4.2.3"=20
          =
target=3D_self>=CA=C2=CE=F1=D6=D0=B5=C4=B1=A3=B4=E6=B5=E3</A>=A1=B1=20
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">=A1=B0<A=20
          =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/a"=20
          target=3D_blank>=CB=F8=BB=FA=D6=C6=B8=C5=CA=F6</A>=A1=B1=20
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/a"=20
          target=3D_blank>Oracle =
=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B1=B8=B7=DD=D3=EB=BB=D6=B8=B4=BB=F9=B4=A1</A> =
=C1=CB=BD=E2=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=BB=D6=B8=B4=B9=FD=B3=CC=D6=D0=C8=E7=BA=CE=B4=
=A6=C0=ED=D2=D1=CC=E1=BD=BB=BA=CD=CE=B4=CC=E1=BD=BB=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=20
      </LI></UL></BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">051</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H2><A name=3De.4.2.3></A>Savepoints In Transactions</H2></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H2><A name=3Dc.4.2.3></A>4.2.3 =
=CA=C2=CE=F1=D6=D0=B5=C4=B1=A3=B4=E6=B5=E3</H2></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">052</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">You =
can declare=20
      intermediate markers called savepoints within the context of a=20
      transaction. Savepoints divide a long transaction into smaller=20
    parts.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=D3=C3=BB=A7=D4=DA=CA=C2=CE=F1=A3=A8transaction=A3=A9=C4=DA=
=BF=C9=D2=D4=C9=F9=C3=F7=A3=A8declare=A3=A9=B1=BB=B3=C6=CE=AA=B1=A3=B4=E6=
=B5=E3=A3=A8savepoint=A3=A9=B5=C4=B1=EA=BC=C7=A1=A3=B1=A3=B4=E6=B5=E3=BD=AB=
=D2=BB=B8=F6=B4=F3=CA=C2=CE=F1=BB=AE=B7=D6=CE=AA=BD=CF=D0=A1=B5=C4=C6=AC=B6=
=CF=A1=A3</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">053</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Using =
savepoints,=20
      you can arbitrarily mark your work at any point within a long =
transaction.=20
      You then have the option later of rolling back work performed =
before the=20
      current point in the transaction but after a declared savepoint =
within the=20
      transaction. For example, you can use savepoints throughout a long =
complex=20
      series of updates, so if you make an error, you do not need to =
resubmit=20
      every statement.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=D2=D4=CA=B9=D3=C3=B1=A3=B4=E6=B5=E3=A3=A8=
savepoint=A3=A9=D4=DA=CA=C2=CE=F1=A3=A8transaction=A3=A9=C4=DA=B5=C4=C8=CE=
=D2=E2=CE=BB=D6=C3=D7=F7=B1=EA=BC=C7=A1=A3=D6=AE=BA=F3=D3=C3=BB=A7=D4=DA=B6=
=D4=CA=C2=CE=F1=BD=F8=D0=D0=BB=D8=B9=F6=B2=D9=D7=F7=A3=A8rolling=20
      =
back=A3=A9=CA=B1=A3=AC=BE=CD=BF=C9=D2=D4=D1=A1=D4=F1=B4=D3=B5=B1=C7=B0=D6=
=B4=D0=D0=CE=BB=D6=C3=BB=D8=B9=F6=B5=BD=CA=C2=CE=F1=C4=DA=B5=C4=C8=CE=D2=E2=
=D2=BB=B8=F6=B1=A3=B4=E6=B5=E3=A1=A3=C0=FD=C8=E7=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=D2=D4=D4=
=DA=D2=BB=CF=B5=C1=D0=B8=B4=D4=D3=B5=C4=B8=FC=D0=C2=A3=A8update=A3=A9=B2=D9=
=D7=F7=D6=AE=BC=E4=B2=E5=C8=EB=B1=A3=B4=E6=B5=E3=A3=AC=C8=E7=B9=FB=D6=B4=D0=
=D0=B9=FD=B3=CC=D6=D0=D2=BB=B8=F6=D3=EF=BE=E4=B3=F6=CF=D6=B4=ED=CE=F3=A3=AC=
=D3=C3=BB=A7=20
      =
=BF=C9=D2=D4=BB=D8=B9=F6=B5=BD=B4=ED=CE=F3=D6=AE=C7=B0=B5=C4=C4=B3=B8=F6=B1=
=A3=B4=E6=B5=E3=A3=AC=B6=F8=B2=BB=B1=D8=D6=D8=D0=C2=CC=E1=BD=BB=CB=F9=D3=D0=
=B5=C4=D3=EF=BE=E4=A1=A3</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">054</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Savepoints are=20
      similarly useful in application programs. If a procedure contains =
several=20
      functions, then you can create a savepoint before each function =
begins.=20
      Then, if a function fails, it is easy to return the data to its =
state=20
      before the function began and re-run the function with revised =
parameters=20
      or perform a recovery action.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=D4=DA=BF=AA=B7=A2=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=CA=B1=D2=B2=CD=AC=
=D1=F9=BF=C9=D2=D4=CA=B9=D3=C3=B1=A3=B4=E6=B5=E3=A3=A8savepoint=A3=A9=A1=A3=
=C8=E7=B9=FB=D2=BB=B8=F6=B9=FD=B3=CC=A3=A8procedure=A3=A9=C4=DA=B0=FC=BA=AC=
=B6=E0=B8=F6=BA=AF=CA=FD=A3=A8function=A3=A9=A3=AC=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=D2=D4=
=D4=DA=C3=BF=B8=F6=BA=AF=CA=FD=B5=C4=BF=AA=CA=BC=CE=BB=D6=C3=B4=B4=BD=A8=D2=
=BB=B8=F6=B1=A3=B4=E6=B5=E3=A1=A3=B5=B1=D2=BB=B8=F6=BA=AF=CA=FD=CA=A7=B0=DC=
=CA=B1=A3=AC=20
      =
=BE=CD=BA=DC=C8=DD=D2=D7=BD=AB=CA=FD=BE=DD=BB=D6=B8=B4=B5=BD=BA=AF=CA=FD=D6=
=B4=D0=D0=D6=AE=C7=B0=B5=C4=D7=B4=CC=AC=A3=AC=BB=D8=B9=F6=A3=A8roll =
back=A3=A9=BA=F3=BF=C9=D2=D4=D0=DE=B8=C4=B2=CE=CA=FD=D6=D8=D0=C2=B5=F7=D3=
=C3=BA=AF=CA=FD=A3=AC=BB=F2=D6=B4=D0=D0=CF=E0=B9=D8=B5=C4=B4=ED=CE=F3=B4=A6=
=C0=ED=A1=A3</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">055</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">After =
a rollback to=20
      a savepoint, Oracle releases the data locks obtained by rolled =
back=20
      statements. <FONT color=3D#ff0000>Other transactions that were =
waiting for=20
      the previously locked resources can proceed. Other transactions =
that want=20
      to update previously locked rows can do so.</FONT><BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=B5=B1=CA=C2=CE=F1=A3=A8transaction=A3=A9=B1=BB=BB=D8=B9=F6=
=A3=A8rollback=A3=A9=B5=BD=C4=B3=B8=F6=B1=A3=B4=E6=B5=E3=A3=A8savepoint=A3=
=A9=BA=F3=A3=ACOracle=BD=AB=CA=CD=B7=C5=D3=C9=B1=BB=BB=D8=B9=F6=D3=EF=BE=E4=
=CA=B9=D3=C3=B5=C4=CB=F8=A1=A3=C6=E4=CB=FB=B5=C8=B4=FD=B1=BB=CB=F8=D7=CA=D4=
=B4=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=BE=CD=BF=C9=D2=D4=BC=CC=D0=F8=D6=B4=D0=D0=A1=A3=D0=E8=
=D2=AA=B8=FC=D0=C2=A3=A8update=A3=A9=B1=BB=CB=F8=CA=FD=BE=DD=D0=D0=B5=C4=CA=
=C2=CE=F1=D2=B2=BF=C9=D2=D4=BC=CC=D0=F8=D6=B4=D0=D0=A1=A3</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">056</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">When a =
transaction=20
      is rolled back to a savepoint, the following occurs:
      <OL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Oracle rolls back only the =
statements=20
        run after the savepoint.=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Oracle preserves the specified =

        savepoint, but all savepoints that were established after the =
specified=20
        one are lost.=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Oracle releases all table and =
row locks=20
        acquired since that savepoint but retains all data locks =
acquired=20
        previous to the savepoint. </LI></OL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=BD=AB=CA=C2=CE=F1=A3=A8transaction=A3=A9=BB=D8=B9=F6=A3=A8=
roll=20
      =
back=A3=A9=B5=BD=C4=B3=B8=F6=B1=A3=B4=E6=B5=E3=A3=A8savepoint=A3=A9=B5=C4=
=B9=FD=B3=CC=C8=E7=CF=C2=A3=BA
      <OL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Oracle =
=BB=D8=B9=F6=D6=B8=B6=A8=B1=A3=B4=E6=B5=E3=D6=AE=BA=F3=B5=C4=D3=EF=BE=E4 =

        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Oracle =
=B1=A3=C1=F4=D6=B8=B6=A8=B5=C4=B1=A3=B4=E6=B5=E3=A3=AC=B5=AB=C6=E4=BA=F3=B4=
=B4=BD=A8=B5=C4=B1=A3=B4=E6=B5=E3=B6=BC=BD=AB=B1=BB=C7=E5=B3=FD=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Oracle =
=CA=CD=B7=C5=B4=CB=B1=A3=B4=E6=B5=E3=BA=F3=BB=F1=B5=C3=B5=C4=B1=ED=BC=B6=CB=
=F8=A3=A8table lock=A3=A9=D3=EB=D0=D0=BC=B6=CB=F8=A3=A8row=20
        =
lock=A3=A9=A3=AC=B5=AB=D6=AE=C7=B0=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=CB=F8=D2=C0=C8=BB=B1=
=A3=C1=F4=A1=A3 </LI></OL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">057</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">The =
transaction=20
      remains active and can be continued.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=B1=BB=B2=BF=B7=D6=BB=D8=B9=F6=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=A3=A8trans=
action=A3=A9=D2=C0=C8=BB=B4=A6=D3=DA=BB=EE=B6=AF=D7=B4=CC=AC=A3=AC=BF=C9=D2=
=D4=BC=CC=D0=F8=D6=B4=D0=D0=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">058</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%"><FONT=20
      color=3D#ff0000>Whenever a session is waiting on a transaction, a =
rollback=20
      to savepoint does not free row locks.</FONT> To make sure a =
transaction=20
      does not hang if it cannot obtain a lock, use <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>FOR=20
      UPDATE ... NOWAIT</FONT> before issuing <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>UPDATE</FONT>=20
      or <FONT color=3D#0000ff>DELETE</FONT> statements. (This refers to =
locks=20
      obtained before the savepoint to which has been rolled back. Row =
locks=20
      obtained after this savepoint are released, as the statements =
executed=20
      after the savepoint have been rolled back =
completely.)<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=D2=BB=B8=F6=CA=C2=CE=F1=A3=A8transaction=A3=A9=D4=DA=B5=C8=
=B4=FD=C6=E4=CB=FB=CA=C2=CE=F1=B5=C4=B9=FD=B3=CC=D6=D0=A3=AC=BD=F8=D0=D0=BB=
=D8=B9=F6=A3=A8roll=20
      =
back=A3=A9=B5=BD=C4=B3=B8=F6=B1=A3=B4=E6=B5=E3=A3=A8savepoint=A3=A9=B5=C4=
=B2=D9=D7=F7=B2=BB=BB=E1=CA=CD=B7=C5=D0=D0=BC=B6=CB=F8=A3=A8row =
lock=A3=A9=A1=A3=CE=AA=C1=CB=B1=DC=C3=E2=CA=C2=CE=F1=D2=F2=CE=AA=B2=BB=C4=
=DC=BB=F1=B5=C3=CB=F8=B6=F8=B1=BB=B9=D2=C6=F0=A3=AC=D3=A6=D4=DA=D6=B4=D0=D0=
<FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff> UPDATE</FONT> =BB=F2 <FONT color=3D#0000ff>DELETE =
</FONT>=B2=D9=D7=F7=C7=B0=CA=B9=D3=C3=20
      <FONT color=3D#0000ff>FOR UPDATE ... NOWAIT</FONT>=20
      =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=A1=A3=A3=A8=D2=D4=C9=CF=C4=DA=C8=DD=BD=B2=CA=F6=B5=C4=CA=C7=BB=
=D8=B9=F6=B1=A3=B4=E6=B5=E3=D6=AE=C7=B0=CB=F9=BB=F1=B5=C3=B5=C4=CB=F8=A1=A3=
=B6=F8=D4=DA=B1=A3=B4=E6=B5=E3=D6=AE=BA=F3=BB=F1=B5=C3=B5=C4=D0=D0=BC=B6=CB=
=F8=CA=C7=BB=E1=B1=BB=CA=CD=B7=C5=B5=C4=A3=AC=CD=AC=CA=B1=B1=A3=B4=E6=B5=E3=
=D6=AE=BA=F3=D6=B4=D0=D0=B5=C4 SQL=20
  =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=D2=B2=BB=E1=B1=BB=CD=EA=C8=AB=BB=D8=B9=F6=A3=A9=A1=A3</TD></=
TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">059</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H2><A name=3De.4.2.4></A>Transaction Naming</H2></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H2><A name=3Dc.4.2.4></A>4.2.4 =
=CA=C2=CE=F1=C3=FC=C3=FB</H2></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">060</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">You =
can name a=20
      transaction, using a simple and memorable text string. This name =
is a=20
      reminder of what the transaction is about. Transaction names =
replace=20
      commit comments for distributed transactions, with the following=20
      advantages:
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">It is easier to monitor =
long-running=20
        transactions and to resolve in-doubt distributed transactions.=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">You can view transaction names =
along=20
        with transaction IDs in applications. For example, a database=20
        administrator can view transaction names in Enterprise Manager =
when=20
        monitoring system activity.=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Transaction names are written =
to the=20
        <FONT color=3D#ff0000>transaction auditing redo record</FONT>, =
if=20
        compatibility is set to Oracle9i or higher.=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">LogMiner can use transaction =
names to=20
        search for a specific transaction from transaction auditing =
records in=20
        the redo log.=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">You can use transaction names =
to find a=20
        specific transaction in data dictionary views, such as <FONT=20
        color=3D#0000ff>V$TRANSACTION</FONT>. </LI></UL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=D2=D4=CA=B9=D3=C3=D2=BB=B8=F6=BC=F2=B5=A5=
=BA=C3=BC=C7=B5=C4=D7=D6=B7=FB=B4=AE=CE=AA=CA=C2=CE=F1=A3=A8transaction=A3=
=A9=C3=FC=C3=FB=A1=A3=CA=C2=CE=F1=B5=C4=C3=FB=B3=C6=BF=C9=D2=D4=D3=C3=D3=DA=
=CC=E1=CA=BE=B4=CB=CA=C2=CE=F1=B5=C4=C4=DA=C8=DD=A1=A3=D4=DA=B7=D6=B2=BC=CA=
=BD=CA=C2=CE=F1=A3=A8distributed=20
      =
transaction=A3=A9=D6=D0=A3=AC=CA=C2=CE=F1=C3=FC=C3=FB=A3=A8transaction =
name=A3=A9=D2=D1=BE=AD=CC=E6=B4=FA=C1=CB=CC=E1=BD=BB=D7=A2=CA=CD=A3=A8com=
mit =
comment=A3=A9=A3=AC=D2=F2=CE=AA=C6=E4=BE=DF=B1=B8=D2=D4=CF=C2=D3=C5=CA=C6=
=A3=BA
      <UL>
        <LI=20
        style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=CA=B9=D3=C3=CA=C2=CE=F1=C3=FC=C3=FB=D3=D0=D6=FA=D3=DA=D3=C3=BB=A7=BC=
=E0=BF=D8=B3=A4=CA=B1=BC=E4=D4=CB=D0=D0=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=A3=AC=D2=D4=BC=B0=
=B4=A6=C0=ED=B2=BB=BF=C9=D0=C5=B5=C4=B7=D6=B2=BC=CA=BD=CA=C2=CE=F1=A3=A8i=
n-doubt=20
        distributed transaction=A3=A9=A1=A3=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=D2=D4=D4=DA=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=D6=D0=E4=AF=C0=
=C0=CA=C2=CE=F1=C3=FB=BC=B0=C6=E4ID=A1=A3=C0=FD=C8=E7=A3=ACDBA=20
        =
=BF=C9=D2=D4=D4=DA=BC=E0=BF=D8=CF=B5=CD=B3=BB=EE=B6=AF=CA=B1=CA=B9=D3=C3=C6=
=F3=D2=B5=B9=DC=C0=ED=C6=F7=A3=A8Enterprise =
Manager=A3=A9=B2=E9=BF=B4=CA=C2=CE=F1=C3=FB=B3=C6=A1=A3=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=B5=B1=BC=E6=C8=DD=D0=D4=B2=CE=CA=FD=A3=A8compatibility=A3=A9=B1=BB=
=C9=E8=D6=C3=CE=AA 9i=20
        =
=BB=F2=B8=FC=B8=DF=CA=B1=A3=AC=CA=C2=CE=F1=C3=FB=BF=C9=D2=D4=B1=BB=D0=B4=C8=
=EB=CA=C2=CE=F1=C9=F3=BC=C6=D6=D8=D7=F6=BC=C7=C2=BC=A3=A8transaction =
auditing redo record=A3=A9=D6=D0=A1=A3=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">LogMiner =
=BF=C9=D2=D4=CD=A8=B9=FD=CA=C2=CE=F1=C3=FB=D4=DA=D6=D8=D7=F6=C8=D5=D6=BE=A3=
=A8redo=20
        =
log=A3=A9=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=C9=F3=BC=C6=BC=C7=C2=BC=A3=A8transaction =
auditing =
record=A3=A9=D6=D0=B2=E9=D5=D2=CC=D8=B6=A8=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=A1=A3=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=D2=D4=CA=B9=D3=C3=CA=C2=CE=F1=C3=FB=D4=DA=CA=FD=BE=
=DD=D7=D6=B5=E4=CA=D3=CD=BC=A3=A8data dictionary=20
        view=A3=A9=A3=A8=C0=FD=C8=E7<FONT color=3D#0000ff> =
V$TRANSACTION</FONT>=A3=A9=D6=D0=B2=E9=D5=D2=CC=D8=B6=A8=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=
=A1=A3=20
  </LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">061</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3>How Transactions Are Named</H3></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3>4.2.4.1 =
=C8=E7=BA=CE=CE=AA=CA=C2=CE=F1=C3=FC=C3=FB</H3></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">062</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Name a =
transaction=20
      using the <FONT color=3D#0000ff>SET TRANSACTION ... NAME</FONT> =
statement=20
      before you start the transaction.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=D2=D4=D4=DA=CA=C2=CE=F1=A3=A8transaction=
=A3=A9=BF=AA=CA=BC=C7=B0=CA=B9=D3=C3 <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>SET TRANSACTION&nbsp; NAME</FONT> <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>...=20
      </FONT>=D3=EF=BE=E4=CE=AA=CA=C2=CE=F1=C3=FC=C3=FB=A1=A3</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">063</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">When =
you name a=20
      transaction, you associate the transaction's name with its ID. =
Transaction=20
      names do not have to be unique; different transactions can have =
the same=20
      transaction name at the same time by the same owner. You can use =
any name=20
      that enables you to distinguish the transaction.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=B5=B1=CE=AA=CA=C2=CE=F1=A3=A8transaction=A3=A9=C3=FC=C3=FB=
=CA=B1=A3=AC=CF=E0=B5=B1=D3=DA=BD=AB=B4=CB=C3=FB=B3=C6=D3=EB=CA=C2=CE=F1=B5=
=C4 ID=20
      =
=B0=F3=B6=A8=A1=A3=D2=F2=B4=CB=CA=C2=CE=F1=C3=FB=B2=BB=D0=E8=D2=AA=CE=A8=D2=
=BB=A3=AC=CD=AC=D2=BB=CA=B1=BF=CC=CD=AC=D2=BB=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=D2=D4=CE=AA=
=B2=BB=CD=AC=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=B8=B3=D3=E8=CF=E0=CD=AC=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=C3=
=FB=A3=AC=D6=BB=D2=AA=B4=CB=C3=FB=B3=C6=B6=D4=D3=C3=BB=A7=C0=B4=CB=B5=D2=D7=
=D3=DA=C7=F8=B7=D6=BC=B4=BF=C9=A1=A3</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">064</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3>Commit Comment</H3></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3>4.2.4.2 =CC=E1=BD=BB=D7=A2=CA=CD</H3></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">065</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">In previous releases, you =
could=20
      associate a comment with a transaction by using a commit =
comment.</SPAN>=20
      However, a comment can be associated with a transaction only when =
a=20
      transaction is being committed.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D4=DA=D6=AE=C7=B0=B0=E6=B1=BE Oracle =
=B5=C4=D6=D0=A3=AC=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=D2=D4=CA=B9=D3=C3=CC=E1=BD=BB=D7=A2=CA=
=CD=A3=A8commit=20
      =
comment=A3=A9=CE=AA=CA=C2=CE=F1=A3=A8transaction=A3=A9=CC=ED=BC=D3=D2=BB=B8=
=F6=D7=A2=CA=CD=A1=A3=B5=AB=CA=C7=D5=E2=B8=F6=D7=A2=CA=CD=D6=BB=C4=DC=D4=DA=
=CA=C2=CE=F1=CC=E1=BD=BB=CA=B1=CC=ED=BC=D3=A1=A3</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">066</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Commit =
comments are=20
      still supported for backward compatibility. However, Oracle =
strongly=20
      recommends that you use transaction names. Commit comments are =
ignored in=20
      named transactions.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=B3=F6=D3=DA=D3=EB=D6=AE=C7=B0=B0=E6=B1=BE=BC=E6=C8=DD=B5=C4=
=BF=BC=C2=C7=A3=ACOracle =
=C8=D4=BE=C9=D6=A7=B3=D6=CC=E1=BD=BB=D7=A2=CA=CD=A3=A8commit=20
      comment=A3=A9=A1=A3=B5=AB Oracle =
=C7=BF=C1=D2=BD=A8=D2=E9=D3=C3=BB=A7=CA=B9=D3=C3=CA=C2=CE=F1=C3=FC=C3=FB=A3=
=A8transaction =
name=A3=A9=A1=A3=CA=B9=D3=C3=CA=C2=CE=F1=C3=FC=C3=FB=CA=B1=A3=AC=CC=E1=BD=
=BB=D7=A2=CA=CD=BD=AB=B1=BB=BA=F6=C2=D4=A1=A3</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">067</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>Note:</B><BR><BR>In a future release, commit =
comments=20
        will be deprecated.</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      =
<BLOCKQUOTE><B>=CC=E1=CA=BE=A3=BA</B><BR><BR>=D4=DA=D2=D4=BA=F3=B5=C4=B0=E6=
=B1=BE=D6=D0=A3=ACOracle =
=BD=AB=B2=BB=D4=D9=CC=E1=B9=A9=CC=E1=BD=BB=D7=A2=CA=CD=A3=A8commit=20
      comment=A3=A9=B9=A6=C4=DC=A1=A3</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">068</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>
        <P><B>See Also:</B></P>
        <UL>
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/a"=20
          target=3D_blank>Oracle Database Administrator's Guide</A> for =
more=20
          information about distributed transactions=20
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/a"=20
          target=3D_blank>Oracle Database SQL Reference</A> for more =
information=20
          about transaction naming syntax </LI></UL></BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>
        <P><B>=C1=ED=BC=FB=A3=BA</B></P>
        <UL>
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/a"=20
          target=3D_blank>Oracle =
=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B9=DC=C0=ED=D4=B1=D6=B8=C4=CF</A> =
=C1=CB=BD=E2=B7=D6=B2=BC=CA=BD=CA=C2=CE=F1=20
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/a"=20
          target=3D_blank>Oracle =CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2 SQL =B2=CE=BF=BC</A> =
=C1=CB=BD=E2=CE=AA=CA=C2=CE=F1=C3=FC=C3=FB=B5=C4=D3=EF=B7=A8=20
  </LI></UL></BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">069</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H2>The Two-Phase Commit Mechanism</H2></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H2>4.2.5 =C1=BD=B2=BD=CC=E1=BD=BB=BB=FA=D6=C6</H2></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">070</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">In a =
distributed=20
      database, Oracle must coordinate transaction control over a =
network and=20
      maintain data consistency, even if a network or system failure=20
    occurs.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D4=DA=B7=D6=B2=BC=CA=BD=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=A3=A8distributed=
=20
      database=A3=A9=D6=D0=A3=ACOracle =
=D0=E8=D2=AA=D4=DA=CD=F8=C2=E7=BB=B7=BE=B3=CF=C2=BD=F8=D0=D0=CA=C2=CE=F1=A3=
=A8transaction=A3=A9=BF=D8=D6=C6=A3=AC=B2=A2=B1=A3=D6=A4=CA=FD=BE=DD=D2=BB=
=D6=C2=D0=D4=A3=A8data=20
      =
consistency=A3=A9=A1=A3=B6=F8=B7=D6=B2=BC=CA=BD=BB=B7=BE=B3=D6=D0=BF=C9=C4=
=DC=B7=A2=C9=FA=B8=F7=D6=D6=CF=B5=CD=B3=BB=F2=CD=F8=C2=E7=B9=CA=D5=CF=A1=A3=
<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">071</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">A =
<B>distributed=20
      transaction</B> is a transaction that includes one or more =
statements that=20
      update data on two or more distinct nodes of a distributed=20
    database.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%"><B>=B7=D6=B2=BC=CA=BD=CA=C2=CE=F1</B>=A3=A8distributed=20
      =
transaction=A3=A9=D6=B8=CD=AC=D2=BB=B8=F6=CA=C2=CE=F1=A3=A8transaction=A3=
=A9=D6=D0=B5=C4=D2=BB=B8=F6=BB=F2=B6=E0=B8=F6 SQL=20
      =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=CD=AC=CA=B1=B8=FC=D0=C2=A3=A8update=A3=A9=B7=D6=B2=BC=CA=BD=CA=
=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=A3=A8distributed =
database=A3=A9=D6=D0=B2=BB=CD=AC=BD=DA=B5=E3=A3=A8node=A3=A9=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=
=DD=A1=A3 <BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">072</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">A =
<B>two-phase=20
      commit mechanism</B> guarantees that all database servers =
participating in=20
      a distributed transaction either all commit or all undo the =
statements in=20
      the transaction. A two-phase commit mechanism also protects =
implicit DML=20
      operations performed by integrity constraints, remote procedure =
calls, and=20
      triggers.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%"><B>=C1=BD=B2=BD=CC=E1=BD=BB=BB=FA=D6=C6</B>=A3=A8two-phase =
commit=20
      =
mechanism=A3=A9=BF=C9=D2=D4=B1=A3=D6=A4=CB=F9=D3=D0=B2=CE=D3=EB=B7=D6=B2=BC=
=CA=BD=CA=C2=CE=F1=A3=A8distributed=20
      =
transaction=A3=A9=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=BB=F2=D5=DF=CD=AC=CA=B1=CC=E1=BD=
=BB=A3=A8commit=A3=A9=A3=AC=BB=F2=D5=DF=CD=AC=CA=B1=B3=B7=CF=FA=A3=A8undo=
=A3=A9=CA=C2=CE=F1=D6=D0 SQL=20
      =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=B5=C4=B2=D9=D7=F7=A1=A3=C1=BD=B2=BD=CC=E1=BD=BB=BB=FA=D6=C6=BB=
=B9=C8=B7=B1=A3=C1=CB=D3=C9=CD=EA=D5=FB=D0=D4=D4=BC=CA=F8=A3=A8integrity =
constraint=A3=A9=A3=AC=D4=B6=B3=CC=B9=FD=B3=CC=B5=F7=D3=C3=A3=A8remote =
procedure=20
      =
call=A3=A9=A3=AC=BC=B0=B4=A5=B7=A2=C6=F7=A3=A8trigger=A3=A9=D6=B4=D0=D0=B5=
=C4=D2=FE=CA=BD DML =B2=D9=D7=F7=D5=FD=B3=A3=B9=A4=D7=F7=A1=A3</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">073</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">The =
Oracle two-phase=20
      commit mechanism is completely transparent to users who issue =
distributed=20
      transactions. In fact, users need not even know the transaction is =

      distributed. A <FONT color=3D#0000ff>COMMIT</FONT> statement =
denoting the=20
      end of a transaction automatically triggers the two-phase commit =
mechanism=20
      to commit the transaction. No coding or complex statement syntax =
is=20
      required to include distributed transactions within the body of a =
database=20
      application.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle =
=C1=BD=B2=BD=CC=E1=BD=BB=BB=FA=D6=C6=A3=A8two-phase commit=20
      =
mechanism=A3=A9=B6=D4=D3=DA=CC=E1=BD=BB=B7=D6=B2=BC=CA=BD=CA=C2=CE=F1=A3=A8=
distributed=20
      =
transaction=A3=A9=B5=C4=D3=C3=BB=A7=C0=B4=CB=B5=CD=EA=C8=AB=CD=B8=C3=F7=A1=
=A3=D3=C3=BB=A7=C9=F5=D6=C1=CE=DE=D0=E8=D6=AA=B5=C0=C6=E4=CA=C2=CE=F1=CA=C7=
=B7=D6=B2=BC=CA=BD=B5=C4=A1=A3=B5=B1=CA=C2=CE=F1=D3=C9=D2=BB=B8=F6 <FONT =

      color=3D#0000ff>COMMIT</FONT>=20
      =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=B1=EA=D6=BE=BD=E1=CA=F8=BA=F3=BB=E1=D7=D4=B6=AF=B5=D8=B4=A5=B7=
=A2=C1=BD=B2=BD=CA=BD=CC=E1=BD=BB=BB=FA=D6=C6=C0=B4=CC=E1=BD=BB=B4=CB=CA=C2=
=CE=F1=A1=A3=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=D6=D0=CE=DE=D0=E8=CA=
=B9=D3=C3=C8=CE=BA=CE=B4=FA=C2=EB=BB=F2=B8=B4=D4=D3=B5=C4 SQL =
=D3=EF=B7=A8=BE=CD=C4=DC=B4=A6=C0=ED=B7=D6=B2=BC=CA=BD=CA=C2=CE=F1=A1=A3<=
/TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">074</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">The =
recoverer (<FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>RECO</FONT>) background process automatically =
resolves the=20
      outcome of <B>in-doubt distributed =
transactions</B>=A1=AAdistributed=20
      transactions in which the commit was interrupted by any type of =
system or=20
      network failure. After the failure is repaired and communication =
is=20
      reestablished, the <FONT color=3D#0000ff>RECO</FONT> process of =
each local=20
      Oracle database automatically commits or rolls back any in-doubt=20
      distributed transactions consistently on all involved =
nodes.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=BA=F3=CC=A8=BD=F8=B3=CC=A3=A8recoverer=A3=AC<FONT=20
      =
color=3D#0000ff>RECO</FONT>=A3=A9=C4=DC=B9=BB=D7=D4=B6=AF=B5=D8=B4=A6=C0=ED=
=CF=B5=CD=B3=D6=D0=B3=F6=CF=D6=B5=C4<B>=B2=BB=BF=C9=D0=C5=B5=C4=B7=D6=B2=BC=
=CA=BD=CA=C2=CE=F1</B>=A3=A8in-doubt=20
      distributed=20
      =
transaction=A3=A9=A1=A3=B2=BB=BF=C9=D0=C5=B5=C4=B7=D6=B2=BC=CA=BD=CA=C2=CE=
=F1=D6=B8=D2=F2=CE=AA=B8=F7=D6=D6=CF=B5=CD=B3=BB=F2=CD=F8=C2=E7=B9=CA=D5=CF=
=B6=F8=D7=E8=B0=AD=C1=CB=CC=E1=BD=BB=A3=A8commit=A3=A9=B2=D9=D7=F7=B5=C4=B7=
=D6=B2=BC=CA=BD=CA=C2=CE=F1=A1=A3=B5=B1=B9=CA=D5=CF=D0=DE=B8=B4=A3=AC=CD=A8=
=D0=C5=BB=D6=B8=B4=BA=F3=A3=AC=C3=BF=B8=F6=20
      Oracle =CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B1=BE=B5=D8=B5=C4 <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>RECO</FONT> =
=BD=F8=B3=CC=BD=AB=D7=D4=B6=AF=B5=D8=CC=E1=BD=BB=A3=A8commit=A3=A9=BB=F2=BB=
=D8=B9=F6=A3=A8roll=20
      =
back=A3=A9=B2=BB=BF=C9=D0=C5=B5=C4=B7=D6=B2=BC=CA=BD=CA=C2=CE=F1=A3=AC=B2=
=A2=B1=A3=D6=A4=CB=F9=D3=D0=B2=CE=D3=EB=B7=D6=B2=BC=CA=BD=CA=C2=CE=F1=B5=C4=
=BD=DA=B5=E3=D0=AD=B5=F7=D2=BB=D6=C2=A1=A3</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">075</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">In the =
event of a=20
      long-term failure, Oracle allows each local administrator to =
manually=20
      commit or undo any distributed transactions that are in doubt as a =
result=20
      of the failure. This option enables the local database =
administrator to=20
      free any locked resources that are held indefinitely as a result =
of the=20
      long-term failure.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=C8=E7=B9=FB=CF=B5=CD=B3=D6=D0=B5=C4=B9=CA=D5=CF=D4=DD=CA=B1=
=CE=DE=B7=A8=BB=D6=B8=B4=A3=ACOracle=D4=CA=D0=ED=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2 DBA=20
      =
=D4=DA=B1=BE=B5=D8=CA=D6=B9=A4=B5=D8=CC=E1=BD=BB=A3=A8commit=A3=A9=BB=F2=B3=
=B7=CF=FA=A3=A8undo=A3=A9=B4=CB=B9=CA=D5=CF=B5=BC=D6=C2=B5=C4=B2=BB=BF=C9=
=D0=C5=B5=C4=B7=D6=B2=BC=CA=BD=CA=C2=CE=F1=A3=A8in-doubt distributed=20
      =
transaction=A3=A9=A1=A3=D5=E2=B8=F6=B9=A6=C4=DC=CA=B9=B1=BE=B5=D8=B5=C4 =
DBA =
=BF=C9=D2=D4=CA=CD=B7=C5=B1=BB=B2=BB=BF=C9=D0=C5=B5=C4=B7=D6=B2=BC=CA=BD=CA=
=C2=CE=F1=CB=F8=D7=A1=B5=C4=D7=CA=D4=B4=A1=A3</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">076</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">If a database must be =
recovered to a=20
      point in the past, Oracle's recovery facilities enable database=20
      administrators at other sites to return their databases to the =
earlier=20
      point in time also.</SPAN> This operation ensures that the global =
database=20
      remains consistent.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=C8=E7=B9=FB=D2=BB=B8=F6=B7=D6=B2=BC=CA=BD=BB=B7=BE=B3=D6=D0=
=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=D0=E8=D2=AA=BB=D6=B8=B4=A3=A8recovery=A3=A9=A3=AC=
=C6=E4=CB=FB=BD=DA=B5=E3=B5=C4=20
      DBA =BF=C9=D2=D4=CA=B9=D3=C3 Oracle=20
      =
=B5=C4=BB=D6=B8=B4=B9=A6=C4=DC=BD=AB=CB=FB=C3=C7=B8=F7=D7=D4=B9=DC=C0=ED=B5=
=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=D2=B2=BB=D6=B8=B4=B5=BD=CF=E0=CD=AC=B5=C4=CA=B1=BC=E4=
=B5=E3=A1=A3=D5=E2=B8=F6=B9=A6=C4=DC=B1=A3=D6=A4=C1=CB=B7=D6=B2=BC=CA=BD=BB=
=B7=BE=B3=D6=D0=CB=F9=D3=D0=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=D2=BB=D6=C2=
=D0=D4=A3=A8consistent=A3=A9=A1=A3</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">077</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>See Also:</B><BR><BR><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/a"=20
        target=3D_blank>Oracle Database Heterogeneous Connectivity =
Administrator's=20
        Guide</A></BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>=C1=ED=BC=FB=A3=BA</B><BR><BR><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/a"=20
        target=3D_blank>Oracle =
=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=D2=EC=B9=B9=C1=AC=BD=D3=B9=DC=C0=ED=D4=B1=D6=B8=C4=CF<=
/A></BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">078</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H1><SPAN style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 20pt"><A name=3De.4.3></A>Overview =
of Autonomous=20
      Transactions</SPAN></H1></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H1><SPAN style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 20pt"><A name=3Dc.4.3></A>4.3=20
    =D7=D4=D6=CE=CA=C2=CE=F1=B8=C5=CA=F6</SPAN></H1></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">079</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Autonomous=20
      transactions are independent transactions that can be called from =
within=20
      another transaction. An autonomous transaction lets you leave the =
context=20
      of the calling transaction, perform some SQL operations, commit or =
undo=20
      those operations, and then return to the calling transaction's =
context and=20
      continue with that transaction.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=C8=E7=B9=FB=D2=BB=B8=F6=CA=C2=CE=F1=A3=A8transaction=A3=A9=
=D4=DA=C1=ED=D2=BB=B8=F6=CA=C2=CE=F1=D6=D0=B1=BB=B5=F7=D3=C3=A3=AC=C4=C7=C3=
=B4=D5=E2=B8=F6=B6=C0=C1=A2=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=B1=BB=B3=C6=CE=AA=D7=D4=D6=CE=
=CA=C2=CE=F1=A3=A8autonomous=20
      =
transaction=A3=A9=A1=A3=D3=C3=BB=A7=CA=B9=D3=C3=D7=D4=D6=CE=CA=C2=CE=F1=BF=
=C9=D2=D4=D4=DD=CA=B1=CD=D1=C0=EB=C6=E4=B5=F7=D3=C3=D5=DF=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=
=C9=CF=CF=C2=CE=C4=BB=B7=BE=B3=A3=A8context=A3=A9=A3=AC=D4=DA=D2=BB=B8=F6=
=D0=C2=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=D6=D0=D6=B4=D0=D0=D2=BB=CF=B5=C1=D0 SQL=20
      =
=B2=D9=D7=F7=A3=A8=D4=DA=D7=D4=D6=CE=CA=C2=CE=F1=C4=DA=BF=C9=D2=D4=B6=D4=D5=
=E2=D0=A9=B2=D9=D7=F7=BD=F8=D0=D0=CC=E1=BD=BB=A3=A8commit=A3=A9=D3=EB=BB=D8=
=B9=F6=A3=A8undo=A3=A9=A3=A9=A3=AC=D7=D4=D6=CE=CA=C2=CE=F1=BD=E1=CA=F8=BA=
=F3=BB=B9=BF=C9=D2=D4=B7=B5=BB=D8=B5=F7=D3=C3=D5=DF=CA=C2=CE=F1=B5=C4=C9=CF=
=CF=C2=CE=C4=BB=B7=BE=B3=BC=CC=D0=F8=D6=B4=D0=D0=A1=A3</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">080</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Once =
invoked, an=20
      autonomous transaction is totally independent of the main =
transaction that=20
      called it. It does not see any of the uncommitted changes made by =
the main=20
      transaction and does not share any locks or resources with the =
main=20
      transaction. Changes made by an autonomous transaction become =
visible to=20
      other transactions upon commit of the autonomous =
transactions.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D7=D4=D6=CE=CA=C2=CE=F1=A3=A8autonomous=20
      =
transaction=A3=A9=B1=BB=B5=F7=D3=C3=BA=F3=D3=EB=B7=A2=C6=F0=B5=F7=D3=C3=B5=
=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=A3=A8transaction=A3=A9=CD=EA=C8=AB=B6=C0=C1=A2=A1=A3=CB=FD=
=BF=B4=B2=BB=B5=BD=B5=F7=D3=C3=D5=DF=CA=C2=CE=F1=C4=DA=C8=CE=BA=CE=CE=B4=CC=
=E1=BD=BB=A3=A8uncommitted=A3=A9=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=D0=DE=B8=C4=A3=AC=D2=B2=
=B2=BB=C4=DC=B9=B2=CF=ED=B5=F7=D3=C3=D5=DF=CA=C2=CE=F1=CA=B9=D3=C3=B5=C4=CB=
=F8=A3=A8lock=A3=A9=BA=CD=C6=E4=CB=FB=D7=CA=D4=B4=A1=A3=D7=D4=D6=CE=CA=C2=
=CE=F1=CC=E1=BD=BB=BA=F3=A3=AC=C6=E4=D6=D0=CB=F9=D7=F6=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=D0=
=DE=B8=C4=BC=B4=B6=D4=C6=E4=CB=FB=CA=C2=CE=F1=D3=D0=D0=A7=A1=A3</TD></TR>=

  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">081</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">One =
autonomous=20
      transaction can call another. There are no limits, other than =
resource=20
      limits, on how many levels of autonomous transactions can be=20
    called.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D7=D4=D6=CE=CA=C2=CE=F1=A3=A8autonomous=20
      =
transaction=A3=A9=D6=D0=BF=C9=D2=D4=D4=D9=B5=F7=D3=C3=C6=E4=CB=FB=D7=D4=D6=
=CE=CA=C2=CE=F1=A1=A3=B3=FD=C1=CB=D7=CA=D4=B4=C9=CF=B5=C4=CF=DE=D6=C6=A3=AC=
=D7=D4=D6=CE=CA=C2=CE=F1=B5=F7=D3=C3=B5=C4=C7=B6=CC=D7=B2=E3=B4=CE=C3=BB=D3=
=D0=CF=DE=D6=C6=A1=A3</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">082</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Deadlocks are=20
      possible between an autonomous transaction and its calling =
transaction.=20
      Oracle detects such deadlocks and returns an error. The =
application=20
      developer is responsible for avoiding deadlock =
situations.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D7=D4=D6=CE=CA=C2=CE=F1=A3=A8autonomous=20
      =
transaction=A3=A9=D3=EB=C6=E4=B5=F7=D3=C3=D5=DF=D6=AE=BC=E4=BF=C9=C4=DC=BB=
=E1=B2=FA=C9=FA=CB=C0=CB=F8=A3=A8deadlock=A3=A9=A1=A3Oracle=20
      =
=BB=E1=BC=EC=B2=E2=B4=CB=C0=E0=CB=C0=CB=F8=B2=A2=B7=B5=BB=D8=B4=ED=CE=F3=D0=
=C5=CF=A2=A1=A3=B5=AB=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=BF=AA=B7=A2=D5=DF=D3=A6=B8=C3=
=B1=DC=C3=E2=B4=CB=C0=E0=CB=C0=CB=F8=B5=C4=B7=A2=C9=FA=A1=A3</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">083</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Autonomous=20
      transactions are useful for implementing actions that need to be =
performed=20
      independently, regardless of whether the calling transaction =
commits or=20
      rolls back, such as transaction logging and retry =
counters.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D3=D0=D0=A9=C7=E9=BF=F6=CF=C2=A3=AC=CE=DE=C2=DB=B5=F7=D3=C3=
=D5=DF=CA=C2=CE=F1=CA=C7=CC=E1=BD=BB=A3=A8commit=A3=A9=BB=F2=BB=D8=B9=F6=A3=
=A8roll=20
      =
back=A3=A9=B6=BC=D0=E8=D2=AA=D6=B4=D0=D0=C4=B3=D0=A9=B6=C0=C1=A2=B5=C4=B2=
=D9=D7=F7=A3=AC=B4=CB=CA=B1=CA=CA=BA=CF=CA=B9=D3=C3=D7=D4=D6=CE=CA=C2=CE=F1=
=A3=A8autonomous=20
      =
transaction=A3=A9=A1=A3=BD=CF=B3=A4=BC=FB=B5=C4=D3=A6=D3=C3=CA=C7=CA=C2=CE=
=F1=C8=D5=D6=BE=A3=A8transaction =
logging=A3=A9=A3=AC=BC=B0=D6=D8=CA=D4=BC=C6=CA=FD=A3=A8retry =
counter=A3=A9=A1=A3</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">084</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H2>Autonomous PL/SQL Blocks</H2></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H2>4.3.1 =D7=D4=D6=CE=B5=C4 PL/SQL =
=B3=CC=D0=F2=BD=E1=B9=B9</H2></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">085</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">You =
can call=20
      autonomous transactions from within a PL/SQL block. Use the <FONT=20
      color=3D#ff0000>pragma</FONT> <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>AUTONOMOUS_TRANSACTION</FONT>. A <B>pragma</B> is =
a compiler=20
      directive. You can declare the following kinds of PL/SQL blocks to =
be=20
      autonomous:
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Stored procedure or function=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Local procedure or function=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Package=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><FONT color=3D#ff0000>Type =
method</FONT>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><FONT =
color=3D#ff0000>Top-level anonymous=20
        block</FONT> </LI></UL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=D2=D4=CD=A8=B9=FD pragma =D6=B8=C1=EE =
<FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>AUTONOMOUS_TRANSACTION</FONT> =BD=AB=D2=BB=B8=F6 =
PL/SQL=20
      =
=B3=CC=D0=F2=BD=E1=B9=B9=C9=E8=B6=A8=CE=AA=D7=D4=D6=CE=CA=C2=CE=F1=A3=A8a=
utonomous transaction=A3=A9=A1=A3<B>pragma</B> =
=CA=C7=D2=BB=B8=F6=B1=E0=D2=EB=C6=F7=D6=B8=C1=EE=A3=A8compiler=20
      =
directive=A3=A9=A1=A3=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=D2=D4=BD=AB=D2=D4=CF=C2=C0=E0=D0=CD=
=B5=C4 PL/SQL =
=B3=CC=D0=F2=BD=E1=B9=B9=B6=A8=D2=E5=CE=AA=D7=D4=D6=CE=B5=C4=A3=BA
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=B7=FE=CE=F1=C6=F7=B6=CB=A3=A8stored=A3=A9=B5=C4=B9=FD=B3=CC=A3=A8p=
rocedure=A3=A9=BB=F2=BA=AF=CA=FD=A3=A8function=A3=A9=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=B1=BE=B5=D8=B5=C4=A3=A8local=A3=A9=B9=FD=B3=CC=BB=F2=BA=AF=CA=FD=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">=B0=FC=A3=A8package=A3=A9=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=C0=E0=D0=CD=B7=BD=B7=A8=A3=A8type method=A3=A9=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=B6=A5=BC=B6=C4=E4=C3=FB=BF=E9=A3=A8Top-level anonymous =
block=A3=A9=20
    </LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">086</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">When =
an autonomous=20
      PL/SQL block is entered, the transaction context of the caller is=20
      suspended. This operation ensures that SQL operations performed in =
this=20
      block (or other blocks called from it) have no dependence or =
effect on the=20
      state of the caller's transaction context.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=B5=B1=D2=BB=B8=F6=D7=D4=D6=CE=B5=C4 PL/SQL=20
      =
=B3=CC=D0=F2=BD=E1=B9=B9=BF=AA=CA=BC=D4=CB=D0=D0=CA=B1=A3=AC=B5=F7=D3=C3=D5=
=DF=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=C9=CF=CF=C2=CE=C4=BB=B7=BE=B3=A3=A8transaction=20
      =
context=A3=A9=BE=CD=B1=BB=B9=D2=C6=F0=A1=A3=D5=E2=B1=A3=D6=A4=C1=CB=D7=D4=
=D6=CE=B3=CC=D0=F2=BD=E1=B9=B9=A3=A8=BB=F2=D3=C9=B4=CB=D7=D4=D6=CE=B3=CC=D0=
=F2=BD=E1=B9=B9=B5=F7=D3=C3=B5=C4=C6=E4=CB=FB=BD=E1=B9=B9=A3=A9=C4=DA=B5=C4=
 SQL=20
      =
=B2=D9=D7=F7=D3=EB=B5=F7=D3=C3=D5=DF=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=C9=CF=CF=C2=CE=C4=BB=
=B7=BE=B3=CF=E0=B6=C0=C1=A2=A3=AC=C7=D2=B2=BB=BB=E1=B6=D4=C6=E4=B2=FA=C9=FA=
=D3=B0=CF=EC=A1=A3</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">087</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">When =
an autonomous=20
      block invokes another autonomous block or itself, the called block =
does=20
      not share any transaction context with the calling block. However, =
when an=20
      autonomous block invokes a non-autonomous block (that is, one that =
is not=20
      declared to be autonomous), the called block inherits the =
transaction=20
      context of the calling autonomous block.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=B5=B1=D2=BB=B8=F6=D7=D4=D6=CE=B3=CC=D0=F2=BD=E1=B9=B9=A3=A8=
autonomous=20
      =
block=A3=A9=B5=F7=D3=C3=C6=E4=CB=FB=B3=CC=D0=F2=BD=E1=B9=B9=BB=F2=C6=E4=D7=
=D4=C9=ED=CA=B1=A3=AC=B1=BB=B5=F7=D3=C3=B5=C4=B3=CC=D0=F2=BD=E1=B9=B9=B2=BB=
=BB=E1=D3=EB=B5=F7=D3=C3=D5=DF=B9=B2=CF=ED=C8=CE=BA=CE=CA=C2=CE=F1=C9=CF=CF=
=C2=CE=C4=BB=B7=BE=B3=A3=A8transaction=20
      =
context=A3=A9=A1=A3=B5=AB=B5=B1=D2=BB=B8=F6=D7=D4=D6=CE=B3=CC=D0=F2=BD=E1=
=B9=B9=B5=F7=D3=C3=D2=BB=B8=F6=B7=C7=D7=D4=D6=CE=B3=CC=D0=F2=BD=E1=B9=B9=A3=
=A8non-autonomous=20
      =
block=A3=A9=CA=B1=A3=AC=B1=BB=B5=F7=D3=C3=B5=C4=B3=CC=D0=F2=BD=E1=B9=B9=BD=
=AB=BC=CC=B3=D0=B5=F7=D3=C3=D5=DF=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=C9=CF=CF=C2=CE=C4=BB=B7=
=BE=B3=A1=A3</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">088</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3>Transaction Control Statements in Autonomous Blocks</H3></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3>4.3.1.1 =
=D7=D4=D6=CE=B3=CC=D0=F2=BD=E1=B9=B9=D6=D0=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=BF=D8=D6=C6=D3=
=EF=BE=E4</H3></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">089</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Transaction control=20
      statements in an autonomous PL/SQL block apply only to the =
currently=20
      active autonomous transaction. Examples of such statements =
are:<BR>
      <BLOCKQUOTE>SET TRANSACTION <BR>COMMIT <BR>ROLLBACK <BR>SAVEPOINT=20
        <BR>ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">=D7=D4=D6=CE PL/SQL =
=B3=CC=D0=F2=BD=E1=B9=B9=C4=DA=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=BF=D8=D6=C6=D3=EF=BE=E4=A3=
=A8transaction=20
      control =
statements=A3=A9=BD=F6=B6=D4=B5=B1=C7=B0=B5=C4=D7=D4=D6=CE=CA=C2=CE=F1=A3=
=A8autonomous =
transaction=A3=A9=D3=D0=D0=A7=A1=A3=D5=E2=D0=A9=BF=D8=D6=C6=D3=EF=BE=E4=B0=
=FC=C0=A8=A3=BA<BR>
      <BLOCKQUOTE>SET TRANSACTION <BR>COMMIT <BR>ROLLBACK <BR>SAVEPOINT=20
        <BR>ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">090</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Similarly,=20
      transaction control statements in the main transaction apply only =
to that=20
      transaction and not to any autonomous transaction that it calls. =
For=20
      example, rolling back the main transaction to a savepoint taken =
before the=20
      beginning of an autonomous transaction does not undo the =
autonomous=20
      transaction.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=CD=AC=D1=F9=A3=AC=D2=BB=B8=F6=CA=C2=CE=F1=A3=A8transaction=
=A3=A9=C4=DA=B5=C4=CA=C2=CE=F1=BF=D8=D6=C6=D3=EF=BE=E4=A3=A8transaction =
control=20
      =
statements=A3=A9=D2=B2=BD=F6=B6=D4=C6=E4=D7=D4=C9=ED=D3=D0=D0=A7=A3=AC=B6=
=F8=B2=BB=BB=E1=D7=F7=D3=C3=D3=DA=B1=BB=C6=E4=B5=F7=D3=C3=B5=C4=D7=D4=D6=CE=
=CA=C2=CE=F1=A3=A8autonomous=20
      =
transaction=A3=A9=A1=A3=C0=FD=C8=E7=A3=AC=BD=AB=D2=BB=B8=F6=CA=C2=CE=F1=BB=
=D8=B9=F6=B5=BD=B5=F7=D3=C3=D7=D4=D6=CE=CA=C2=CE=F1=D6=AE=C7=B0=B5=C4=C4=B3=
=B8=F6=B1=A3=B4=E6=B5=E3=A3=A8savepoint=A3=A9=A3=AC=B2=A2=B2=BB=BB=E1=B3=B7=
=CF=FB=A3=A8undo=A3=A9=B1=BB=B5=F7=D3=C3=B5=C4=D7=D4=D6=CE=CA=C2=CE=F1=C4=
=DA=B5=C4=C8=CE=BA=CE=B2=D9=D7=F7=A1=A3</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">091</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>See Also:</B><BR><BR><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/a"=20
        target=3D_blank>Oracle Database PL/SQL User's Guide and =
Reference=20
      </A></BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>=C1=ED=BC=FB=A3=BA</B><BR><BR><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/zw1840/=D7=C0=C3=E6/Oracle.=
Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Release.Version/a"=20
        target=3D_blank>Oracle =CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2 PL/SQL=20
=D3=C3=BB=A7=D6=B8=C4=CF=D3=EB=B2=CE=BF=BC</A></BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR></TB=
ODY></TABLE><BR><B>=B7=AD=D2=EB=B2=BB=C8=B7=B6=A8=B5=C4=B4=CA=BB=E3=A3=A8=
=B8=F1=CA=BD=A3=BA</B><FONT=20
color=3D#ff0000>=BA=EC=C9=AB</FONT><B>=A3=A9=A1=A1</B><BR>
<HR>

<TABLE id=3Dtable2 width=3D"100%" border=3D0>
  <TBODY>
  <TR>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop=20
align=3Dleft>=A1=A1</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><B><BR>=B7=AD=D2=EB=B2=BB=C8=
=B7=B6=A8=B5=C4=BC=BC=CA=F5=D0=D4=B4=CA=BB=E3=A3=A8=B8=F1=CA=BD=A3=BA</B>=
<FONT=20
color=3D#ff0000>=BA=EC=C9=AB</FONT><B>=A3=A9</B><BR>
<HR>

<TABLE id=3Dtable3 width=3D"100%" border=3D0>
  <TBODY>
  <TR>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft>[085]=20
pragma</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><B><BR>=B7=AD=D2=EB=B2=BB=C8=B7=B6=A8=B5=C4=
Oracle=B4=CA=BB=E3=A3=A8=B8=F1=CA=BD=A3=BA</B><FONT=20
color=3D#ff0000>=BA=EC=C9=AB</FONT><B>=A3=A9</B><BR>
<HR>

<TABLE id=3Dtable4 width=3D"100%" border=3D0>
  <TBODY>
  <TR>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft>[002] Autonomous Transactions<BR>[016] =
in-doubt=20
      distributed transactions<BR>[042] system change number<BR>[060]=20
      transaction auditing redo record<BR>[085] Type method<BR>[085] =
Top-level=20
      anonymous =
block</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><B><BR>=B7=AD=D2=EB=B2=BB=C8=B7=B6=A8=B5=C4=
=BE=E4=D7=D3=A3=A8=B8=F1=CA=BD=A3=BA</B><FONT=20
color=3D#ff0000>=BA=EC=C9=AB</FONT><B>=A3=A9</B><BR>
<HR>

<TABLE id=3Dtable5 width=3D"100%" border=3D0>
  <TBODY>
  <TR>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft>[055] Other transactions that were =
waiting for=20
      the previously locked resources can proceed. Other transactions =
that want=20
      to update previously locked rows can do so.<BR>[058]=20
</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><B><BR>=D7=A2=CA=CD=D0=D4=B5=C4=CE=C4=D7=D6=A3=A8=
=B8=F1=CA=BD=A3=BA</B>[<FONT=20
color=3D#008000>=C2=CC=C9=AB</FONT>]<B>=A3=A9</B><BR>
<HR>

<TABLE id=3Dtable6 width=3D"100%" border=3D0>
  <TBODY>
  <TR>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop =
align=3Dleft>=A1=A1</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><B><BR>=CF=E0=B9=D8=C1=B4=BD=
=D3</B>
<HR>
=20
<TABLE id=3Dtable13 width=3D"100%" border=3D0>
  <TBODY>
  <TR>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop =
align=3Dleft>=A1=A1</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><B><BR>=CE=B4=CD=EA=B3=C9=B5=
=C4=C1=B4=BD=D3</B><BR>
<HR>

<TABLE id=3Dtable7 width=3D"100%" border=3D0>
  <TBODY>
  <TR>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft>[023] Deadlocks<BR>[031] Oracle =
Database=20
      Administrator's Guide<BR>[044] Oracle Database Application =
Developer's=20
      Guide - Fundamentals<BR>[044] Overview of Locking =
Mechanisms<BR>[044]=20
      Overview of Oracle Processes<BR>[050] Oracle Database Backup and =
Recovery=20
      Basics<BR>[068] Oracle Database Administrator's Guide<BR>[068] =
Oracle=20
      Database SQL Reference<BR>[077] Oracle Database Heterogeneous =
Connectivity=20
      Administrator's Guide<BR>[091] Oracle Database PL/SQL User's Guide =
and=20
      =
Reference</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><B><BR>Oracle=D1=A7=CF=B0=CE=CA=CC=E2=A3=
=A8=B8=F1=CA=BD=A3=BA</B><SPAN=20
style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: =
#ffff00">=BB=C6=C9=AB=B1=B3=BE=B0</SPAN><B>=A3=A9</B>
<HR>
=20
<TABLE id=3Dtable8 width=3D"100%" border=3D0>
  <TBODY>
  <TR>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft>1=A1=A2implicit savepoint =
=CA=C7=CA=B2=C3=B4=A3=BF<BR>[022] Users cannot=20
      directly refer to implicit savepoints in rollback=20
      statements.<BR><BR>2=A1=A2redo log buffer =BA=CD database=20
      =
buffer=D0=B4=C8=EB=B4=C5=C5=CC=B5=C4=CA=B1=BB=FA=A3=BF<BR>[040]<BR><BR>3=A1=
=A2=B6=D4=D4=AD=CE=C4=B5=C4=C0=ED=BD=E2=B2=BB=C8=B7=B6=A8=A1=A3=CA=C2=CE=F1=
=CC=E1=BD=BB=B5=C4=D4=AD=D7=D3=D0=D4=B2=D9=D7=F7=D2=F2=B8=C3=B0=FC=C0=A8=BC=
=B8=B8=F6=B2=BD=D6=E8=A3=BF<BR>[042]=20
      This atomic event constitutes the commit of the=20
      =
transaction.<BR><BR>4=A1=A2[040]=D3=EB[042]=B5=C4=BD=B2=BD=E2=D3=D0=C3=AC=
=B6=DC=A1=A3[040]=CB=B5 redo log=20
      =
=B5=C4=D0=B4=B2=D9=D7=F7=BF=C9=C4=DC=B7=A2=C9=FA=D4=DA=CA=C2=CE=F1=CC=E1=BD=
=BB=D6=AE=C7=B0=A3=AC=B6=F8[042]=CB=B5=D3=A6=B7=A2=C9=FA=D4=DA=CA=C2=CE=F1=
=CC=E1=BD=BB=D6=AE=BA=F3=A1=A3<BR>[040] These changes may go to disk=20
      before a transaction is committed.<BR>[042] When a transaction is=20
      committed, the following =
occurs<BR><BR>5=A1=A2=B2=BB=C3=F7=B0=D7=A1=A3=B4=CB=BE=E4=D6=D0 does not =
free=20
      =B5=C4=CA=C7=CA=B2=C3=B4=CB=F8=A3=BF<BR>[058] Whenever a session =
is waiting on a transaction, a rollback=20
      to savepoint does not free row =
locks.<BR><BR>5=A1=A2=BE=DF=CC=E5=B5=C4=B0=E6=B1=BE=BA=C5<BR>[065] In =
previous=20
      releases, you could associate a comment with a transaction by =
using a=20
      commit =
comment.<BR><BR>6=A1=A2=B4=CB=B4=A6=CB=B5=B5=C4=A1=B0recovery=A1=B1=CA=C7=
=D6=B8=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=BB=D6=B8=B4=A3=BF=BB=B9=CA=C7=CA=C2=CE=F1=B5=C4=BB=
=D8=B9=F6=A3=BF<BR>[076] If a=20
      database must be recovered to a point in the past, Oracle's =
recovery=20
      facilities enable database administrators at other sites to return =
their=20
      databases to the earlier point in time=20
also.</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><B><BR></B>translator: <A=20
href=3D"mailto:zw1840@hotmail.com">zw1840@hotmail.com</A> </BODY></HTML>

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