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<P><B><FONT size=3D6>24 SQL, PL/SQL, and Java</FONT></B></P>
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<TABLE id=3Dtable1 cellSpacing=3D1 width=3D"100%" border=3D0>
  <TBODY>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">001</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">This =
chapter=20
      provides an overview of SQL, PL/SQL, and Java.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=B1=BE=D5=C2=B8=C5=D2=AA=B5=D8=BD=E9=C9=DC =
SQL=A3=ACPL/SQL=A3=AC=BC=B0=20
Java=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">002</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">This =
chapter=20
      contains the following topics:
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#e.24.1"=20
        target=3D_self>Overview of SQL</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#e.24.2"=20
        target=3D_self>Overview of Procedural Languages</A> =
</LI></UL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=B1=BE=D5=C2=B0=FC=BA=AC=D2=D4=CF=C2=D6=F7=CC=E2=A3=BA
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#c.24.1"=20
        target=3D_self>SQL =B8=C5=CA=F6</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#c.24.2"=20
        target=3D_self>=B9=FD=B3=CC=BB=AF=D3=EF=D1=D4=B8=C5=CA=F6</A> =
</LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">003</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>
        <P><B>See Also:</B></P>
        <UL>
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b142=
00/toc.htm">Oracle=20
          Database SQL Reference</A>=20
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/appdev.102/b142=
61/toc.htm">Oracle=20
          Database PL/SQL User's Guide and Reference</A>=20
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/java.102/b14187=
/toc.htm">Oracle=20
          Database Java Developer's Guide</A> =
</LI></UL></BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>
        <P><B>=C1=ED=BC=FB=A3=BA</B></P>
        <UL>
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b142=
00/toc.htm">Oracle=20
          Database SQL Reference</A>=20
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/appdev.102/b142=
61/toc.htm">Oracle=20
          Database PL/SQL User's Guide and Reference</A>=20
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/java.102/b14187=
/toc.htm">Oracle=20
          Database Java Developer's Guide</A> =
</LI></UL></BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">004</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H1><SPAN style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 20pt"><A name=3De.24.1></A>Overview =
of=20
      SQL</SPAN></H1></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H1><SPAN style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 20pt"><A name=3Dc.24.1></A>24.1 SQL=20
      =B8=C5=CA=F6</SPAN></H1></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">005</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">SQL is =
a database=20
      access, nonprocedural language. Users describe in SQL what they =
want done,=20
      and the SQL language compiler automatically generates a procedure =
to=20
      navigate the database and perform the desired task.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">SQL =
=CA=C7=D2=BB=D6=D6=D3=C3=D3=DA=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B7=C3=CE=CA=B5=C4=B7=C7=B9=
=FD=B3=CC=BB=AF=D3=EF=D1=D4=A1=A3=D3=C3=BB=A7=CD=A8=B9=FD SQL=20
      =C3=E8=CA=F6=C6=E4=C4=BF=B1=EA=A3=AC=D6=AE=BA=F3 SQL =
=D3=EF=D1=D4=B1=E0=D2=EB=C6=F7=D7=D4=B6=AF=B5=D8=C9=FA=B3=C9=D6=B4=D0=D0=B9=
=FD=B3=CC=A3=AC=BF=D8=D6=C6=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=D6=B4=D0=D0=D3=C3=BB=A7=CB=F9=
=C6=DA=CD=FB=B5=C4=B2=D9=D7=F7=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">006</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">IBM =
Research=20
      developed and defined SQL, and ANSI/ISO has refined SQL as the =
standard=20
      language for relational database management systems. The minimal=20
      conformance level for SQL-99 is known as Core. Core SQL-99 is a =
superset=20
      of SQL-92 Entry Level specification. Oracle Database is broadly =
compatible=20
      with the SQL-99 Core specification.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">IBM =
=B5=C4=D1=D0=BE=BF=BB=FA=B9=B9=BF=AA=B7=A2=B2=A2=B6=A8=D2=E5=C1=CB =
SQL=A3=AC=D6=AE=BA=F3 ANSI/ISO=20
      =D1=A1=D4=F1=C1=CB=B8=C4=BD=F8=BA=F3=B5=C4 SQL =
=D7=F7=CE=AA=B9=D8=CF=B5=D0=CD=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B9=DC=C0=ED=CF=B5=CD=B3=B5=
=C4=B1=EA=D7=BC=D3=EF=D1=D4=A1=A3SQL-99 =
=B1=EA=D7=BC=B5=C4=D7=EE=D0=A1=D7=D3=BC=AF=B1=BB=B3=C6=CE=AA=BA=CB=D0=C4[=
Core]=A1=A3=B6=F8 SQL-99 =BA=CB=D0=C4=CA=C7=20
      SQL-92 =
=C8=EB=C3=C5=BC=B6=B9=E6=B7=B6=B5=C4=B3=AC=BC=AF=A1=A3Oracle =
=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=D3=EB SQL-99 =
=BA=CB=D0=C4=B9=E6=B7=B6=B9=E3=B7=BA=B5=D8=BC=E6=C8=DD[broadly=20
    compatible]=A1=A3<BR><BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">007</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle =
SQL includes=20
      many extensions to the ANSI/ISO standard SQL language, and Oracle =
tools=20
      and applications provide additional statements. The Oracle tools =
SQL*Plus=20
      and Oracle Enterprise Manager let you run any ANSI/ISO standard =
SQL=20
      statement against an Oracle database, as well as additional =
statements or=20
      functions that are available for those tools.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle SQL =
=B0=FC=C0=A8=D0=ED=B6=E0=B6=D4 ANSI/ISO =B1=EA=D7=BC SQL=20
      =D3=EF=D1=D4=B5=C4=C0=A9=D5=B9=A3=ACOracle =
=B9=A4=BE=DF=BC=B0=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=D2=B2=D4=F6=BC=D3=C1=CB=B6=EE=CD=
=E2=B5=C4=D3=EF=BE=E4=A1=A3=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=D2=D4=CA=B9=D3=C3 Oracle =
=B9=A4=BE=DF SQL*Plus =BB=F2 Oracle=20
      =C6=F3=D2=B5=B9=DC=C0=ED=C6=F7[Oracle Enterprise Manager]=B6=D4 =
Oracle =CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=D6=B4=D0=D0=C8=CE=D2=E2=B5=C4 ANSI/ISO =
=B1=EA=D7=BC SQL=20
      =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=A3=AC=D2=D4=BC=B0=D5=E2=D0=A9=B9=A4=BE=DF=CC=E1=B9=A9=B5=C4=B6=
=EE=CD=E2=B5=C4=D3=EF=BE=E4=BB=F2=BA=AF=CA=FD=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">008</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Although some Oracle=20
      tools and applications simplify or mask SQL use, all database =
operations=20
      are performed using SQL. Any other data access method circumvents =
the=20
      security built into Oracle and potentially compromise data =
security and=20
      integrity.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=CB=F9=D3=D0=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B2=D9=D7=F7=B6=BC=CA=C7=
=CD=A8=B9=FD SQL =CC=E1=BD=BB=B8=F8=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B5=C4=A3=AC=B5=AB =
Oracle=20
      =
=B9=A4=BE=DF=BC=B0=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=C4=DC=B9=BB=BC=F2=BB=AF=BB=F2=D2=
=FE=B2=D8=CA=B5=BC=CA=B5=C4 SQL=A1=A3SQL =
=D6=AE=CD=E2=B5=C4=C8=CE=BA=CE=CA=FD=BE=DD=B7=C3=CE=CA=B7=BD=CA=BD=BE=F9=BB=
=E1=C8=C6=B9=FD Oracle=20
      =
=C4=DA=D6=C3=B5=C4=B0=B2=C8=AB=CC=D8=D0=D4=A3=AC=D3=D0=BF=C9=C4=DC=B6=D4=CA=
=FD=BE=DD=B5=C4=B0=B2=C8=AB=D0=D4=BC=B0=CD=EA=D5=FB=D0=D4=D4=EC=B3=C9=C6=C6=
=BB=B5=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">009</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>
        <P><B>See Also:</B></P>
        <UL>
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b142=
00/toc.htm">Oracle=20
          Database SQL Reference</A> for detailed information about SQL=20
          statements and other parts of SQL (such as operators, =
functions, and=20
          format models)=20
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/em.102/b31949/t=
oc.htm">Oracle=20
          Enterprise Manager Concepts</A>=20
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b143=
57/toc.htm">SQL*Plus=20
          User's Guide and Reference</A> for SQL*Plus statements, =
including=20
          their distinction from SQL statements =
</LI></UL></BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>
        <P><B>=C1=ED=BC=FB=A3=BA</B></P>
        <UL>
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b142=
00/toc.htm">Oracle=20
          Database SQL Reference</A> =C1=CB=BD=E2=B9=D8=D3=DA SQL =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=BC=B0=C6=E4=CB=FB SQL=20
          =
=D7=E9=B3=C9=B2=BF=B7=D6=A3=A8=C0=FD=C8=E7=B2=D9=D7=F7=B7=FB=A3=AC=BA=AF=CA=
=FD=A3=AC=BC=B0=B8=F1=CA=BD=C4=A3=D0=CD=A3=A9=B5=C4=CF=EA=CF=B8=D0=C5=CF=A2=
=A1=A3=20
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/em.102/b31949/t=
oc.htm">Oracle=20
          Enterprise Manager Concepts</A>=20
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b143=
57/toc.htm">SQL*Plus=20
          User's Guide and Reference</A> =C1=CB=BD=E2 SQL*Plus =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=A3=AC=BC=B0=B4=CB=C0=E0=D3=EF=BE=E4=D3=EB SQL =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=B5=C4=C7=F8=B1=F0=20
      </LI></UL></BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">010</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H2><A name=3De.24.1.1></A>SQL Statements</H2></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H2><A name=3Dc.24.1.1></A>24.1.1 SQL =D3=EF=BE=E4</H2></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">011</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">All =
operations=20
      performed on the information in an Oracle database are run using =
SQL=20
      <B>statements</B>. A statement consists partially of SQL =
<B>reserved=20
      words</B>, which have special meaning in SQL and cannot be used =
for any=20
      other purpose. For example, <FONT color=3D#0000ff>SELECT</FONT> =
and <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>UPDATE</FONT> are reserved words and cannot be =
used as table=20
      names.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">=B6=D4 Oracle =
=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=C4=DA=B4=E6=B4=A2=B5=C4=D0=C5=CF=A2=CB=F9=D6=B4=D0=D0=B5=
=C4=CB=F9=D3=D0=B2=D9=D7=F7=B6=BC=CA=C7=CD=A8=B9=FD SQL=20
      =
<B>=D3=EF=BE=E4</B>[statement]=D6=B4=D0=D0=B5=C4=A1=A3=D3=EF=BE=E4=D6=D0=B0=
=FC=BA=AC=B4=F3=C1=BF SQL <B>=B1=A3=C1=F4=D7=D6</B>[reserved =
word]=A3=AC=B1=A3=C1=F4=D7=D6=D4=DA SQL=20
      =
=D6=D0=D3=D0=CC=D8=CA=E2=B5=C4=BA=AC=D2=E5=A3=AC=D3=C3=BB=A7=B2=BB=C4=DC=BD=
=AB=C6=E4=D3=C3=D7=F7=C6=E4=CB=FB=D3=C3=CD=BE=A1=A3=C0=FD=C8=E7=A3=AC<FON=
T color=3D#0000ff>SELECT</FONT> =D3=EB <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>UPDATE</FONT> =
=B6=BC=CA=C7=B1=A3=C1=F4=D7=D6=A3=AC=B2=BB=C4=DC=D3=C3=D7=F6=CA=FD=BE=DD=B1=
=ED=C3=FB=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">012</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">A SQL =
statement is a=20
      computer program or instruction. The statement must be the =
equivalent of a=20
      complete SQL sentence, as in:<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">=D2=BB=CC=F5 SQL =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=CF=E0=B5=B1=D3=DA=D2=BB=CC=F5=BC=C6=CB=E3=BB=FA=B3=CC=D0=F2=BB=
=F2=D6=B8=C1=EE=A1=A3=D2=F2=B4=CB SQL=20
      =D3=EF=BE=E4=B1=D8=D0=EB=B0=FC=BA=AC=D2=BB=B6=CE=CD=EA=D5=FB=B5=C4 =
SQL =D3=EF=B7=A8=A3=AC=C0=FD=C8=E7=A3=BA<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">013</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>
        <P>SELECT last_name, department_id FROM =
employees;</P></BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>SELECT last_name, department_id FROM=20
  employees;</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">014</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Only a =
complete SQL=20
      statement can be run. A fragment such as the following generates =
an error=20
      indicating that more text is required before a SQL statement can=20
    run:<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D6=BB=D3=D0=CD=EA=D5=FB=B5=C4 SQL =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=B2=C5=C4=DC=B1=BB=D6=B4=D0=D0=A1=A3=D6=B4=D0=D0=CF=C2=C3=E6=CB=
=F9=CA=BE=B5=C4 SQL=20
      =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=C6=AC=B6=CF=BD=AB=B2=FA=C9=FA=B4=ED=CE=F3=A3=AC=B1=ED=C3=F7=B4=
=CB SQL =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=B1=D8=D0=EB=CA=E9=D0=B4=CD=EA=D5=FB=B2=C5=C4=DC=D6=B4=D0=D0=A3=
=BA<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">015</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>
        <P>SELECT last_name</P></BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>SELECT last_name</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">016</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle =
SQL=20
      statements are divided into the following categories:
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#e.24.1.1.1"=20
        target=3D_self>Data Manipulation Language Statements</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#e.24.1.1.2"=20
        target=3D_self>Data Definition Language Statements</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#e.24.1.1.3"=20
        target=3D_self>Transaction Control Statements</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#e.24.1.1.4"=20
        target=3D_self>Session Control Statements</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#e.24.1.1.5"=20
        target=3D_self>System Control Statements</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#e.24.1.1.6"=20
        target=3D_self>Embedded SQL Statements</A> </LI></UL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle SQL =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=BF=C9=D2=D4=B7=D6=CE=AA=D2=D4=CF=C2=BC=B8=C0=E0=A3=BA
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#c.24.1.1.1"=20
        =
target=3D_self>=CA=FD=BE=DD=B2=D9=D7=F7=D3=EF=D1=D4=D3=EF=BE=E4</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#c.24.1.1.2"=20
        =
target=3D_self>=CA=FD=BE=DD=B6=A8=D2=E5=D3=EF=D1=D4=D3=EF=BE=E4</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#c.24.1.1.3"=20
        target=3D_self>=CA=C2=CE=F1=BF=D8=D6=C6=D3=EF=BE=E4</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#c.24.1.1.4"=20
        target=3D_self>=BB=E1=BB=B0=BF=D8=D6=C6=D3=EF=BE=E4</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#c.24.1.1.5"=20
        target=3D_self>=CF=B5=CD=B3=BF=D8=D6=C6=D3=EF=BE=E4</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#c.24.1.1.6"=20
        target=3D_self>=C7=B6=C8=EB SQL =D3=EF=BE=E4</A> =
</LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">017</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>
        <P><B>See Also:</B><BR><BR>Chapter 22, "<A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/22.Triggers.htm">Triggers</A>"=20
        for more information about using SQL statements in PL/SQL =
program=20
        units</P></BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>=C1=ED=BC=FB=A3=BA</B><BR><BR>=B5=DA 22 =
=D5=C2=A3=AC=A1=B0<A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/22.Triggers.htm">=B4=A5=B7=A2=C6=F7</A>=A1=B1=C1=CB=BD=E2=C8=
=E7=BA=CE=D4=DA=20
        PL/SQL =B3=CC=D0=F2=BD=E1=B9=B9=D6=D0=CA=B9=D3=C3 SQL =
=D3=EF=BE=E4</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">018</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3De.24.1.1.1></A>Data Manipulation Language =
Statements</H3></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3Dc.24.1.1.1></A>24.1.1.1 =
=CA=FD=BE=DD=B2=D9=D7=F7=D3=EF=D1=D4=D3=EF=BE=E4</H3></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">019</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Data =
manipulation=20
      language (DML) statements query or manipulate data in existing =
schema=20
      objects. They enable you to:
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Retrieve data from one or more =
tables or=20
        views (<FONT color=3D#0000ff>SELECT</FONT>); fetches can be =
scrollable=20
        (see "<A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#e.24.1.2.1"=20
        target=3D_self>Scrollable Cursors</A>")=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Add new rows of data into a =
table or=20
        view (<FONT color=3D#0000ff>INSERT</FONT>)=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Change column values in =
existing rows of=20
        a table or view (<FONT color=3D#0000ff>UPDATE</FONT>)=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Update or insert rows =
conditionally into=20
        a table or view (<FONT color=3D#0000ff>MERGE</FONT>)=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Remove rows from tables or =
views (<FONT=20
        color=3D#0000ff>DELETE</FONT>)=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">See the execution plan for a =
SQL=20
        statement (<FONT color=3D#0000ff>EXPLAIN PLAN</FONT>)=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Lock a table or view, =
temporarily=20
        limiting other users' access (<FONT color=3D#0000ff>LOCK =
TABLE</FONT>)=20
        </LI></UL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=CA=FD=BE=DD=B2=D9=D7=F7=D3=EF=D1=D4[Data manipulation=20
      =
language=A3=ACDML]=D3=EF=BE=E4=B5=C4=D7=F7=D3=C3=CA=C7=B2=E9=D1=AF=BB=F2=B2=
=D9=D7=F7=D2=D1=D3=D0=B7=BD=B0=B8=B6=D4=CF=F3=C4=DA=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=A1=A3=
=D3=C3=BB=A7=C0=FB=D3=C3 DML =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=BF=C9=D2=D4=CD=EA=B3=C9=D2=D4=CF=C2=B9=A4=D7=F7=A3=BA
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=B4=D3=D2=BB=B8=F6=BB=F2=B6=E0=B8=F6=B1=ED=BB=F2=CA=D3=CD=BC=D6=D0=B2=
=E9=D1=AF=CA=FD=BE=DD=A3=A8<FONT=20
        =
color=3D#0000ff>SELECT</FONT>=A3=A9=A3=BB=BB=F1=C8=A1=B2=D9=D7=F7[fetch]=CA=
=C7=BF=C9=B9=F6=B6=AF =B5=C4[scrollable]=A3=A8=BC=FB=A1=B0<A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#c.24.1.2.1"=20
        target=3D_self>=BF=C9=B9=F6=B6=AF=D3=CE=B1=EA</A>=A1=B1=A3=A9=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=CF=F2=B1=ED=BB=F2=CA=D3=CD=BC=D6=D0=BC=D3=C8=EB=D0=C2=CA=FD=BE=DD=D0=
=D0=A3=A8<FONT=20
        color=3D#0000ff>INSERT</FONT>=A3=A9=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=D0=DE=B8=C4=B1=ED=BB=F2=CA=D3=CD=BC=D6=D0=D2=D1=D3=D0=CA=FD=BE=DD=D0=
=D0=B5=C4=C1=D0=D6=B5=A3=A8<FONT=20
        color=3D#0000ff>UPDATE</FONT>=A3=A9=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=B8=F9=BE=DD=C5=D0=B6=CF=CC=F5=BC=FE=CE=AA=B1=ED=BC=B0=CA=D3=CD=BC=B2=
=E5=C8=EB=BB=F2=B8=FC=D0=C2=CA=FD=BE=DD=D0=D0=A3=A8<FONT=20
        color=3D#0000ff>MERGE</FONT>=A3=A9=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=B4=D3=B1=ED=BB=F2=CA=D3=CD=BC=D6=D0=C9=BE=B3=FD=CA=FD=BE=DD=D0=D0=A3=
=A8<FONT=20
        color=3D#0000ff>DELETE</FONT>=A3=A9=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">=B2=E9=D1=AF SQL =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=B5=C4=D6=B4=D0=D0=BC=C6=BB=AE[execution plan]=A3=A8<FONT=20
        color=3D#0000ff>EXPLAIN PLAN</FONT>=A3=A9=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=B6=D4=B1=ED=BB=F2=CA=D3=CD=BC=BC=D3=CB=F8[lock]=A3=AC=C1=D9=CA=B1=B5=
=D8=CF=DE=D6=C6=C6=E4=CB=FB=D3=C3=BB=A7=B7=C3=CE=CA=B4=CB=B6=D4=CF=F3=A3=A8=
<FONT=20
        color=3D#0000ff>LOCK TABLE</FONT>=A3=A9 </LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">020</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">DML =
statements are=20
      the most frequently used SQL statements. Some examples of DML =
statements=20
      are:<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">DML =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=CA=C7=CA=B9=D3=C3=C6=B5=C2=CA=D7=EE=B8=DF=B5=C4 SQL =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=A1=A3=D2=D4=CF=C2=CA=C7=D2=BB=D0=A9 DML=20
      =D3=EF=BE=E4=B5=C4=CA=BE=C0=FD=A3=BA<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">021</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>
        <P>SELECT last_name, manager_id, commission_pct + salary FROM=20
        employees;</P></BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>SELECT last_name, manager_id, commission_pct + salary =
FROM=20
        employees;</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">022</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>
        <P>INSERT INTO employees VALUES <BR>(1234, 'DAVIS', 'SALESMAN', =
7698,=20
        '14-FEB-1988', 1600, 500, 30); </P></BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>INSERT INTO employees VALUES <BR>(1234, 'DAVIS', =
'SALESMAN',=20
        7698, '14-FEB-1988', 1600, 500, 30); </BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">023</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>
        <P>DELETE FROM employees WHERE last_name IN=20
      ('WARD','JONES');</P></BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>DELETE FROM employees WHERE last_name IN=20
      ('WARD','JONES');</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">024</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3De.24.1.1.1.1></A>DML Error Logging</H4></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3Dc.24.1.1.1.1></A>24.1.1.1.1 DML =
=B4=ED=CE=F3=C8=D5=D6=BE</H4></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">025</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">When a =
DML statement=20
      encounters an error, the statement can continue processing while =
the error=20
      code and the associated error message text is logged to an error =
logging=20
      table. This is particularly helpful to long-running, bulk DML =
statements.=20
      After the DML operation completes, you can check the error logging =
table=20
      to correct rows with errors.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">=C8=E7=B9=FB DML=20
      =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=D4=DA=D6=B4=D0=D0=B9=FD=B3=CC=D6=D0=B3=F6=CF=D6=B4=ED=CE=F3=A3=
=AC=D3=EF=BE=E4=BF=C9=D2=D4=BC=CC=D0=F8=D6=B4=D0=D0=A3=AC=CD=AC=CA=B1=BD=AB=
=B4=ED=CE=F3=B4=FA=C2=EB=BC=B0=B4=ED=CE=F3=CF=FB=CF=A2=C4=DA=C8=DD=BC=C7=C2=
=BC=B5=BD=D2=BB=B8=F6=B4=ED=CE=F3=C8=D5=D6=BE=B1=ED[error logging=20
      =
table]=D6=D0=A1=A3=B4=CB=CC=D8=D0=D4=CA=CA=BA=CF=D3=EB=B3=A4=CA=B1=BC=E4=D4=
=CB=D0=D0=C7=D2=B4=A6=C0=ED=B4=F3=C1=BF=CA=FD=BE=DD=B5=C4 DML =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=C5=E4=BA=CF=CA=B9=D3=C3=A1=A3=B5=B1 DML=20
      =
=B2=D9=D7=F7=BD=E1=CA=F8=BA=F3=A3=AC=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=D2=D4=BC=EC=B2=E9=B4=
=ED=CE=F3=C8=D5=D6=BE=B1=ED=D2=D4=D0=DE=D5=FD=B7=A2=C9=FA=B4=ED=CE=F3=B5=C4=
=CA=FD=BE=DD=D0=D0=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">026</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">New =
syntax is added=20
      to the DML statements to provide the name of the error logging =
table, a=20
      statement tag, and a reject limit. The reject limit determines =
whether the=20
      statement should be aborted. For parallel DML operations, the =
reject limit=20
      is applied for each slave. The only values for the reject limit =
that are=20
      precisely enforced on parallel operations are zero and =
unlimited.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">=CF=D6=D4=DA DML=20
      =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=D6=D0=BC=D3=C8=EB=C1=CB=D0=C2=B5=C4=D3=EF=B7=A8=A3=AC=D3=C3=BB=
=A7=BF=C9=D2=D4=C9=E8=B6=A8=B4=ED=CE=F3=C8=D5=D6=BE=B1=ED=C3=FB=A3=AC=D3=EF=
=BE=E4=B1=EA=C7=A9[statement =
tag]=A3=AC=BC=B0=B7=C5=C6=FA=D6=B4=D0=D0=CC=F5=BC=FE[reject=20
      =
limit]=A1=A3=B7=C5=C6=FA=D6=B4=D0=D0=CC=F5=BC=FE=D3=C3=D3=DA=C5=D0=B6=CF=CA=
=C7=B7=F1=D3=A6=B8=C3=D6=D0=B6=CF=D3=EF=BE=E4=B5=C4=D6=B4=D0=D0=A1=A3=B6=D4=
=D3=DA=B2=A2=D0=D0 DML=20
      =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=A3=AC=B7=C5=C6=FA=D6=B4=D0=D0=CC=F5=BC=FE=B6=D4=C3=BF=B8=F6=D7=
=D3=BD=F8=B3=CC[slave]=BE=F9=CA=CA=D3=C3=A1=A3=B6=D4=D3=DA=B2=A2=D0=D0=B2=
=D9=D7=F7=A3=AC=BF=C9=D2=D4=D7=BC=C8=B7=C9=E8=D6=C3=B5=C4=B7=C5=C6=FA=D6=B4=
=D0=D0=CC=F5=BC=FE=D6=B5=D6=BB=D3=D0 0 =
=BA=CD=CE=DE=CF=DE=D6=C6=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">027</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">With =
data conversion=20
      errors, Oracle tries to provide a meaningful value to log for the =
column.=20
      For example, it could log the value of the first operand to the =
conversion=20
      operator that failed. If a value cannot be derived, then <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>NULL</FONT> is logged for the =
column.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=B5=B1=B7=A2=C9=FA=CA=FD=BE=DD=C0=E0=D0=CD=D7=AA=BB=BB[data=
 conversion]=B4=ED=CE=F3=CA=B1=A3=ACOracle=20
      =
=BD=AB=D5=D2=B3=F6=D2=BB=B8=F6=D3=D0=BA=AC=D2=E5=B5=C4=C1=D0=D6=B5=BC=C7=C2=
=BC=B5=BD=C8=D5=D6=BE=D6=D0=A1=A3=C0=FD=C8=E7=A3=ACOracle=20
      =
=D3=D0=BF=C9=C4=DC=BC=C7=C2=BC=B3=F6=CF=D6=B4=ED=CE=F3=B5=C4=C0=E0=D0=CD=D7=
=AA=BB=BB=B2=D9=D7=F7=B7=FB=B5=C4=B5=DA=D2=BB=B8=F6=B2=D9=D7=F7=CA=FD[ope=
rand]=A1=A3=C8=E7=B9=FB=CE=DE=B7=A8=BB=F1=B5=C3=D3=D0=D2=E2=D2=E5=B5=C4=CA=
=FD=BE=DD=D6=B5=A3=ACOracle =BD=AB=BC=C7=C2=BC <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>NULL</FONT>=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">028</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>
        <P><B>See Also:</B></P>
        <UL>
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b142=
31/toc.htm">Oracle=20
          Database Administrator's Guide</A> for more information on DML =
error=20
          logging=20
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b142=
23/toc.htm">Oracle=20
          Database Data Warehousing Guide</A> for examples using DML =
error=20
          logging=20
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b142=
00/toc.htm">Oracle=20
          Database SQL Reference</A> for the syntax for DML error =
logging=20
        </LI></UL></BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>
        <P><B>=C1=ED=BC=FB=A3=BA</B></P>
        <UL>
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b142=
31/toc.htm">Oracle=20
          Database Administrator's Guide</A> =C1=CB=BD=E2=B9=D8=D3=DA =
DML =B4=ED=CE=F3=C8=D5=D6=BE=B5=C4=B8=FC=B6=E0=D0=C5=CF=A2=20
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b142=
23/toc.htm">Oracle=20
          Database Data Warehousing Guide</A> =B2=E9=BF=B4=CA=B9=D3=C3 =
DML =B4=ED=CE=F3=C8=D5=D6=BE=B5=C4=C0=FD=D7=D3=20
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b142=
00/toc.htm">Oracle=20
          Database SQL Reference</A> =B2=E9=BF=B4 DML =
=B4=ED=CE=F3=C8=D5=D6=BE=B5=C4=D3=EF=B7=A8 =
</LI></UL></BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">029</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3De.24.1.1.2></A>Data Definition Language =
Statements</H3></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3Dc.24.1.1.2></A>24.1.1.2 =
=CA=FD=BE=DD=B6=A8=D2=E5=D3=EF=D1=D4=D3=EF=BE=E4</H3></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">030</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Data =
definition=20
      language (DDL) statements define, alter the structure of, and drop =
schema=20
      objects. DDL statements enable you to:
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Create, alter, and drop schema =
objects=20
        and other database structures, including the database itself and =

        database users (<FONT color=3D#0000ff>CREATE</FONT>, <FONT=20
        color=3D#0000ff>ALTER</FONT>, <FONT color=3D#0000ff>DROP</FONT>) =

        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Change the names of schema =
objects=20
        (<FONT color=3D#0000ff>RENAME</FONT>)=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Delete all the data in schema =
objects=20
        without removing the objects' structure (<FONT=20
        color=3D#0000ff>TRUNCATE</FONT>)=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Grant and revoke privileges =
and roles=20
        (<FONT color=3D#0000ff>GRANT</FONT>, <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>REVOKE</FONT>)=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Turn auditing options on and =
off (<FONT=20
        color=3D#0000ff>AUDIT</FONT>, <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>NOAUDIT</FONT>)=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Add a comment to the data =
dictionary=20
        (<FONT color=3D#0000ff>COMMENT</FONT>) </LI></UL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=CA=FD=BE=DD=B6=A8=D2=E5=D3=EF=D1=D4[Data definition=20
      =
language=A3=ACDDL]=D3=EF=BE=E4=B5=C4=D7=F7=D3=C3=CA=C7=B6=A8=D2=E5=BB=F2=D0=
=DE=B8=C4=B7=BD=B0=B8=B6=D4=CF=F3[schema =
object]=B5=C4=BD=E1=B9=B9=A3=AC=D2=D4=BC=B0=D2=C6=B3=FD=B7=BD=B0=B8=B6=D4=
=CF=F3=A1=A3=D3=C3=BB=A7=C0=FB=D3=C3 DDL=20
      =D3=EF=BE=E4=BF=C9=D2=D4=CD=EA=B3=C9=D2=D4=CF=C2=B9=A4=D7=F7=A3=BA
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=B4=B4=BD=A8=A3=AC=D0=DE=B8=C4=A3=AC=D2=C6=B3=FD=B7=BD=B0=B8=B6=D4=CF=
=F3=BC=B0=C6=E4=CB=FB=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=BD=E1=B9=B9=A3=AC=B0=FC=C0=A8=CA=FD=
=BE=DD=BF=E2=D7=D4=C9=ED=BC=B0=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=D3=C3=BB=A7=A3=A8<FONT=20
        color=3D#0000ff>CREATE</FONT>=A3=AC<FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>ALTER</FONT>=A3=AC<FONT=20
        color=3D#0000ff>DROP</FONT>=A3=A9=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=D0=DE=B8=C4=B7=BD=B0=B8=B6=D4=CF=F3=C3=FB=B3=C6=A3=A8<FONT=20
        color=3D#0000ff>RENAME</FONT>=A3=A9=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=C9=BE=B3=FD=B7=BD=B0=B8=B6=D4=CF=F3=B5=C4=CB=F9=D3=D0=CA=FD=BE=DD=A3=
=AC=B5=AB=B2=BB=D2=C6=B3=FD=B6=D4=CF=F3=BD=E1=B9=B9=A3=A8<FONT=20
        color=3D#0000ff>TRUNCATE</FONT>=A3=A9=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=CA=DA=D3=E8=BB=F2=CA=D5=BB=D8=C8=A8=CF=DE=BC=B0=BD=C7=C9=AB=A3=A8<=
FONT=20
        color=3D#0000ff>GRANT</FONT>=A3=AC<FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>REVOKE</FONT>=A3=A9=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=B4=F2=BF=AA=BB=F2=B9=D8=B1=D5=C9=F3=BC=C6=D1=A1=CF=EE=A3=A8<FONT=20
        color=3D#0000ff>AUDIT</FONT>=A3=AC<FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>NOAUDIT</FONT>=A3=A9=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=CF=F2=CA=FD=BE=DD=D7=D6=B5=E4=D6=D0=CC=ED=BC=D3=D7=A2=CA=CD=A3=A8<=
FONT=20
        color=3D#0000ff>COMMENT</FONT>=A3=A9 </LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">031</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">DDL =
statements=20
      implicitly commit the preceding and start a new transaction. Some =
examples=20
      of DDL statements are:<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">DDL =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=BD=AB=D2=FE=CA=BD=B5=D8=CC=E1=BD=BB=D6=AE=C7=B0=B5=C4=B2=D9=D7=
=F7=B2=A2=BF=AA=CA=BC=D2=BB=B8=F6=D0=C2=CA=C2=CE=F1=A1=A3=D2=D4=CF=C2=CA=C7=
=D2=BB=D0=A9 DDL=20
      =D3=EF=BE=E4=B5=C4=CA=BE=C0=FD=A3=BA<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">032</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>
        <P>CREATE TABLE plants <BR>(COMMON_NAME VARCHAR2 (15), =
LATIN_NAME=20
        VARCHAR2 (40));</P></BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>CREATE TABLE plants <BR>(COMMON_NAME VARCHAR2 (15),=20
        LATIN_NAME VARCHAR2 (40));</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">033</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>
        <P>DROP TABLE plants;</P></BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>DROP TABLE plants;</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">034</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>
        <P>GRANT SELECT ON employees TO scott;</P></BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>GRANT SELECT ON employees TO =
scott;</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">035</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>
        <P>REVOKE DELETE ON employees FROM scott;</P></BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>REVOKE DELETE ON employees FROM =
scott;</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">036</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>
        <P><B>See Also:</B><BR><BR>Chapter 20, "<A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/20.Database%20Security.htm">Database=20
        Security</A>"</P></BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>=C1=ED=BC=FB=A3=BA</B><BR><BR>=B5=DA 20 =
=D5=C2=A3=AC=A1=B0<A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/20.Database%20Security.htm">=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B0=B2=C8=AB</=
A>=A1=B1</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">037</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3De.24.1.1.3></A>Transaction Control =
Statements</H3></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3Dc.24.1.1.3></A>24.1.1.3 =
=CA=C2=CE=F1=BF=D8=D6=C6=D3=EF=BE=E4</H3></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">038</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Transaction control=20
      statements manage the changes made by DML statements and group DML =

      statements into transactions. They enable you to:
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Make a transaction's changes =
permanent=20
        (<FONT color=3D#0000ff>COMMIT</FONT>)=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Undo the changes in a =
transaction,=20
        either since the transaction started or since a savepoint (<FONT =

        color=3D#0000ff>ROLLBACK</FONT>)=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Set a point to which you can =
roll back=20
        (<FONT color=3D#0000ff>SAVEPOINT</FONT>)=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Establish properties for a =
transaction=20
        (<FONT color=3D#0000ff>SET TRANSACTION</FONT>) </LI></UL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=CA=C2=CE=F1=BF=D8=D6=C6=D3=EF=BE=E4[transaction control=20
      statement]=B5=C4=D7=F7=D3=C3=CA=C7=B9=DC=C0=ED DML =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=B6=D4=CA=FD=BE=DD=B5=C4=D0=DE=B8=C4=A3=AC=D2=D4=BC=B0=BD=AB=C2=
=DF=BC=AD=C9=CF=CF=E0=B9=D8=B5=C4 DML =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=D7=E9=D6=AF=CE=AA=CA=C2=CE=F1=A1=A3=D3=C3=BB=A7=C0=FB=D3=C3=CA=
=C2=CE=F1=BF=D8=D6=C6=D3=EF=BE=E4=BF=C9=D2=D4=CD=EA=B3=C9=D2=D4=CF=C2=B9=A4=
=D7=F7=A3=BA
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=BD=AB=CA=C2=CE=F1=B6=D4=CA=FD=BE=DD=B5=C4=D0=DE=B8=C4=D3=C0=BE=C3=B5=
=D8=B1=A3=B4=E6=B5=BD=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=A3=A8<FONT=20
        color=3D#0000ff>COMMIT</FONT>=A3=A9=20
        <LI=20
        style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=BB=B9=D4=AD=CA=C2=CE=F1=B6=D4=CA=FD=BE=DD=B5=C4=D0=DE=B8=C4=A3=AC=BF=
=C9=BB=B9=D4=AD=B5=BD=CA=C2=CE=F1=BF=AA=CA=BC=B4=A6=BB=F2=C8=CE=D2=E2=B1=A3=
=B4=E6=B5=E3[savepoint]=A3=A8<FONT=20
        color=3D#0000ff>ROLLBACK</FONT>=A3=A9=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=C9=E8=D6=C3=B1=A3=B4=E6=B5=E3=D2=D4=B1=EA=CA=B6=BB=D8=B9=F6=CE=BB=D6=
=C3=A3=A8<FONT=20
        color=3D#0000ff>SAVEPOINT</FONT>=A3=A9=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=C9=E8=D6=C3=CA=C2=CE=F1=B5=C4=CA=F4=D0=D4=A3=A8<FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>SET=20
        TRANSACTION</FONT>=A3=A9 </LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">039</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3De.24.1.1.4></A>Session Control Statements</H3></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3Dc.24.1.1.4></A>24.1.1.4 =
=BB=E1=BB=B0=BF=D8=D6=C6=D3=EF=BE=E4</H3></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">040</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Session control=20
      statements manage the properties of a particular user's session. =
For=20
      example, they enable you to:
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Alter the current session by =
performing=20
        a specialized function, such as enabling and disabling the SQL =
trace=20
        facility (<FONT color=3D#0000ff>ALTER SESSION</FONT>)=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Enable and disable roles =
(groups of=20
        privileges) for the current session (<FONT color=3D#0000ff>SET=20
        ROLE</FONT>) </LI></UL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=BB=E1=BB=B0=BF=D8=D6=C6=D3=EF=BE=E4[session control=20
      =
statement]=D3=C3=D3=DA=B9=DC=C0=ED=D3=C3=BB=A7=BB=E1=BB=B0=B5=C4=CA=F4=D0=
=D4=A1=A3=D3=C3=BB=A7=C0=FB=D3=C3=BB=E1=BB=B0=BF=D8=D6=C6=D3=EF=BE=E4=BF=C9=
=D2=D4=CD=EA=B3=C9=D2=D4=CF=C2=B9=A4=D7=F7=A3=BA
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=D6=B4=D0=D0=CC=D8=B6=A8=B2=D9=D7=F7=A3=AC=D0=DE=B8=C4=B5=B1=C7=B0=BB=
=E1=BB=B0=A3=AC=C0=FD=C8=E7=C6=F4=D3=C3=BB=F2=BD=FB=D3=C3 SQL =
=B8=FA=D7=D9=B9=A6=C4=DC[SQL trace=20
        facility]=A3=A8<FONT color=3D#0000ff>ALTER SESSION</FONT>=A3=A9=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=CE=AA=B5=B1=C7=B0=BB=E1=BB=B0=C6=F4=D3=C3=BB=F2=BD=FB=D3=C3=BD=C7=C9=
=AB[role]=A3=A8=BC=B4=D2=BB=D7=E9=C8=A8=CF=DE=B5=C4=BC=AF=BA=CF=A3=A9=A3=A8=
<FONT=20
        color=3D#0000ff>SET ROLE</FONT>=A3=A9 </LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">041</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3De.24.1.1.5></A>System Control Statements</H3></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3Dc.24.1.1.5></A>24.1.1.5 =
=CF=B5=CD=B3=BF=D8=D6=C6=D3=EF=BE=E4</H3></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">042</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">System =
control=20
      statements change the properties of the Oracle database server =
instance.=20
      The only system control statement is <FONT color=3D#0000ff>ALTER=20
      SYSTEM</FONT>. It enables you to change settings (such as the =
minimum=20
      number of shared servers), kill a session, and perform other=20
tasks.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=CF=B5=CD=B3=BF=D8=D6=C6=D3=EF=BE=E4[system control =
statement]=D3=C3=D3=DA=D0=DE=B8=C4=20
      Oracle =CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=CA=B5=C0=FD=B5=C4=CA=F4=D0=D4=A1=A3<FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>ALTER SYSTEM</FONT>=20
      =
=CA=C7=CE=A8=D2=BB=B5=C4=CF=B5=CD=B3=BF=D8=D6=C6=D3=EF=BE=E4=A1=A3=D3=C3=BB=
=A7=BF=C9=D2=D4=CA=B9=D3=C3=B4=CB=D3=EF=BE=E4=D0=DE=B8=C4=CA=B5=C0=FD=C9=E8=
=D6=C3=A3=A8=C0=FD=C8=E7=B9=B2=CF=ED=B7=FE=CE=F1=BD=F8=B3=CC=B5=C4=D7=EE=D0=
=A1=CA=FD=C1=BF=A3=A9=A3=AC=D6=D5=D6=B9=BD=F8=B3=CC[kill=20
    =
session]=A3=AC=BB=F2=D6=B4=D0=D0=C6=E4=CB=FB=B2=D9=D7=F7=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1<=
/TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">043</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3De.24.1.1.6></A>Embedded SQL Statements</H3></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3Dc.24.1.1.6></A>24.1.1.6 =C7=B6=C8=EB SQL =
=D3=EF=BE=E4</H3></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">044</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Embedded SQL=20
      statements incorporate DDL, DML, and transaction control =
statements within=20
      a procedural language program. <SPAN=20
      style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">They are used with the Oracle=20
      precompilers.</SPAN> Embedded SQL statements enable you to:
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 20px">Define, allocate, and release =
cursors=20
        (<FONT color=3D#0000ff>DECLARE CURSOR</FONT>, <FONT=20
        color=3D#0000ff>OPEN</FONT>, <FONT color=3D#0000ff>CLOSE</FONT>) =

        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 20px">Specify a database and connect =
to Oracle=20
        (<FONT color=3D#0000ff>DECLARE DATABASE</FONT>, <FONT=20
        color=3D#0000ff>CONNECT</FONT>)=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 20px">Assign variable names (<FONT=20
        color=3D#0000ff>DECLARE STATEMENT</FONT>)=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 20px"><SPAN=20
        style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">Initialize descriptors =
(</SPAN><FONT=20
        color=3D#0000ff><SPAN=20
        style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">DESCRIBE</SPAN></FONT><SPAN=20
        style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">)</SPAN>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 20px">Specify how error and warning =
conditions=20
        are handled (<FONT color=3D#0000ff>WHENEVER</FONT>)=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 20px">Parse and run SQL statements =
(<FONT=20
        color=3D#0000ff>PREPARE</FONT>, <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>EXECUTE</FONT>, <FONT=20
        color=3D#0000ff>EXECUTE IMMEDIATE</FONT>)=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 20px">Retrieve data from the =
database (<FONT=20
        color=3D#0000ff>FETCH</FONT>) </LI></UL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=D2=D4=CA=B9=D3=C3=C7=B6=C8=EB SQL =
=D3=EF=BE=E4[embedded SQL=20
      statement]=BD=AB =
DDL=A3=ACDML=A3=AC=BC=B0=CA=C2=CE=F1=BF=D8=D6=C6=D3=EF=BE=E4=BC=D3=C8=EB=B5=
=BD=D2=D4=B9=FD=B3=CC=BB=AF=D3=EF=D1=D4=B1=E0=D0=B4=B5=C4=B3=CC=D0=F2=D6=D0=
=A1=A3<SPAN=20
      style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">Oracle=20
      =
=D4=A4=B1=E0=D2=EB=C6=F7[precompiler]=C4=DC=B9=BB=B4=A6=C0=ED=D5=E2=D1=F9=
=B5=C4=B4=FA=C2=EB=A1=A3</SPAN>=D3=C3=BB=A7=C0=FB=D3=C3=C7=B6=C8=EB SQL =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=BF=C9=D2=D4=CD=EA=B3=C9=D2=D4=CF=C2=B9=A4=D7=F7=A3=BA
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
20px">=B6=A8=D2=E5=A3=AC=B7=D6=C5=E4=A3=AC=BC=B0=CA=CD=B7=C5=D3=CE=B1=EA[=
cursor]=A3=A8<FONT=20
        color=3D#0000ff>DECLARE CURSOR</FONT>=A3=AC<FONT=20
        color=3D#0000ff>OPEN</FONT>=A3=AC<FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>CLOSE</FONT>=A3=A9=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 20px">=D1=A1=D4=F1=D2=BB=B8=F6 =
Oracle =CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B2=A2=BD=F8=D0=D0=C1=AC=BD=D3=A3=A8<FONT=20
        color=3D#0000ff>DECLARE DATABASE</FONT>=A3=AC<FONT=20
        color=3D#0000ff>CONNECT</FONT>=A3=A9=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
20px">=B7=D6=C5=E4=B1=E4=C1=BF=C3=FB=A3=A8<FONT color=3D#0000ff>DECLARE=20
        STATEMENT</FONT>=A3=A9=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
20px">=B3=F5=CA=BC=BB=AF=C3=E8=CA=F6=B7=FB[descriptor]=A3=A8<FONT=20
        color=3D#0000ff>DESCRIBE</FONT>=A3=A9=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
20px">=C9=E8=B6=A8=C8=E7=BA=CE=B4=A6=C0=ED=B4=ED=CE=F3=BC=B0=BE=AF=B8=E6=A3=
=A8<FONT=20
        color=3D#0000ff>WHENEVER</FONT>=A3=A9=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 20px">=BD=E2=CE=F6=B2=A2=D6=B4=D0=D0 =
SQL =D3=EF=BE=E4=A3=A8<FONT=20
        color=3D#0000ff>PREPARE</FONT>=A3=AC<FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>EXECUTE</FONT>=A3=AC<FONT=20
        color=3D#0000ff>EXECUTE IMMEDIATE</FONT>=A3=A9=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
20px">=B4=D3=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=D6=D0=C8=A1=BB=D8=CA=FD=BE=DD=A3=A8<FONT=20
        color=3D#0000ff>FETCH</FONT>=A3=A9 </LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">045</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H2><A name=3De.24.1.2></A>Cursors</H2></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H2><A name=3Dc.24.1.2></A>24.1.2 =D3=CE=B1=EA</H2></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">046</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">A =
<B>cursor</B> is a=20
      handle or name for a <B>private SQL area</B>=A1=AAan area in =
memory in which a=20
      parsed statement and other information for processing the =
statement are=20
      kept.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%"><B>=D3=CE=B1=EA</B>[cursor]=CA=C7<B>=CB=BD=D3=D0 SQL=20
      =C7=F8</B>[private SQL =
area]=B5=C4=C3=FB=B3=C6=A3=A8=BB=F2=B3=C6=CE=AA=BE=E4=B1=FA=A3=A9=A3=AC=CB=
=BD=D3=D0 SQL=20
      =
=C7=F8=CA=C7=D2=BB=D6=D6=C4=DA=B4=E6=BD=E1=B9=B9=A3=AC=D3=C3=D3=DA=B4=E6=B4=
=A2=B1=BB=BD=E2=CE=F6=B5=C4=D3=EF=BE=E4=A3=AC=D2=D4=BC=B0=B4=A6=C0=ED=D3=EF=
=BE=E4=CB=F9=D0=E8=B5=C4=C6=E4=CB=FB=D0=C5=CF=A2=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR=
>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">047</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Although most Oracle=20
      users rely on the automatic cursor handling of the Oracle =
utilities, the=20
      programmatic interfaces offer application designers more control =
over=20
      cursors. In application development, a cursor is a named resource=20
      available to a program and can be used specifically to parse SQL=20
      statements embedded within the application.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">=B4=F3=B6=E0=CA=FD =
Oracle =D3=C3=BB=A7=B5=C4=B2=D9=D7=F7=D6=BB=D0=E8=D2=C0=BF=BF Oracle=20
      =
=B9=A4=BE=DF=CC=E1=B9=A9=B5=C4=D7=D4=B6=AF=D3=CE=B1=EA=B4=A6=C0=ED=B9=A6=C4=
=DC=BE=CD=BF=C9=D2=D4=CA=B5=CF=D6=A3=ACOracle=20
      =
=D2=B2=CC=E1=B9=A9=C1=CB=B1=E0=B3=CC=BD=D3=BF=DA=B9=A9=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=
=F2=BF=AA=B7=A2=D5=DF=BD=F8=D2=BB=B2=BD=BF=D8=D6=C6=D3=CE=B1=EA=A1=A3=D4=DA=
=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=BF=AA=B7=A2=D6=D0=A3=AC=D3=CE=B1=EA=CA=C7=D2=BB=D6=
=D6=C3=FC=C3=FB=B5=C4=BF=C9=B9=A9=B3=CC=D0=F2=CA=B9=D3=C3=B5=C4=D7=CA=D4=B4=
=A3=AC=BF=C9=D3=C3=D3=DA=BD=E2=CE=F6=C7=B6=C8=EB=B5=BD=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=
=F2=C4=DA=B5=C4 SQL=20
      =D3=EF=BE=E4=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">048</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Each =
user session=20
      can open multiple cursors up to the limit set by the =
initialization=20
      parameter <FONT color=3D#0000ff>OPEN_CURSORS</FONT>. However, =
applications=20
      should close unneeded cursors to conserve system memory. If a =
cursor=20
      cannot be opened due to a limit on the number of cursors, then the =

      database administrator can alter the <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>OPEN_CURSORS</FONT> initialization =
parameter.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=C3=BF=B8=F6=D3=C3=BB=A7=BB=E1=BB=B0=B6=BC=C4=DC=B9=BB=B4=F2=
=BF=AA=B6=E0=B8=F6=D3=CE=B1=EA=A3=AC=C9=CF=CF=DE=D3=C9 <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>OPEN_CURSORS</FONT>=20
      =
=B3=F5=CA=BC=BB=AF=B2=CE=CA=FD=BE=F6=B6=A8=A1=A3=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=D3=
=A6=B8=C3=B8=BA=D4=F0=B9=D8=B1=D5=B2=BB=D4=D9=CA=B9=D3=C3=B5=C4=D3=CE=B1=EA=
=D2=D4=BD=DA=D4=BC=CF=B5=CD=B3=C4=DA=B4=E6=A1=A3=C8=E7=B9=FB=D2=F2=CE=AA=D3=
=CE=B1=EA=CA=FD=C1=BF=B4=EF=B5=BD=C9=CF=CF=DE=B6=F8=CE=DE=B7=A8=B4=F2=BF=AA=
=D0=C2=D3=CE=B1=EA=A3=AC=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B9=DC=C0=ED=D4=B1=BF=C9=D2=D4=D0=
=DE=B8=C4 <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>OPEN_CURSORS</FONT> =
=B3=F5=CA=BC=BB=AF=B2=CE=CA=FD=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">049</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Some =
statements=20
      (primarily DDL statements) require Oracle to implicitly issue =
recursive=20
      SQL statements, which also require <B>recursive cursors</B>. For =
example,=20
      a <FONT color=3D#0000ff>CREATE TABLE</FONT> statement causes many =
updates to=20
      various data dictionary tables to record the new table and =
columns.=20
      <B>Recursive calls</B> are made for those recursive cursors; one =
cursor=20
      can run several recursive calls. These recursive cursors also use=20
      <B>shared SQL areas</B>.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D3=D0=D0=A9=D3=EF=BE=E4=A3=A8=D6=F7=D2=AA=CA=C7 DDL =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=A3=A9=BB=E1=B5=BC=D6=C2 Oracle =
=D2=FE=CA=BD=B5=D8=CC=E1=BD=BB=B5=DD=B9=E9=20
      SQL =D3=EF=BE=E4[recursive SQL =
statement]=A3=AC=BD=F8=B6=F8=B5=BC=D6=C2<B>=B5=DD=B9=E9=D3=CE=B1=EA</B>[r=
ecursive cursor]=A1=A3=C0=FD=C8=E7=A3=AC=D6=B4=D0=D0=20
      <FONT color=3D#0000ff>CREATE TABLE</FONT>=20
      =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=CA=B1=D3=D0=BF=C9=C4=DC=B8=FC=D0=C2=B6=E0=B8=F6=CA=FD=BE=DD=D7=
=D6=B5=E4=B1=ED=D2=D4=BC=C7=C2=BC=D0=C2=B1=ED=BC=B0=C6=E4=B8=F7=C1=D0=B5=C4=
=B6=A8=D2=E5=A1=A3=D4=DA=B4=A6=C0=ED=B5=DD=B9=E9=D3=CE=B1=EA=CA=B1=D0=E8=D2=
=AA=BD=F8=D0=D0<B>=B5=DD=B9=E9=B5=F7=D3=C3</B>[recursive=20
      =
call]=A3=BB=D2=BB=B8=F6=D3=CE=B1=EA=BF=C9=D2=D4=CD=AC=CA=B1=D6=B4=D0=D0=B6=
=E0=B8=F6=B5=DD=B9=E9=B5=F7=D3=C3=A1=A3=B5=DD=B9=E9=D3=CE=B1=EA=D2=B2=CA=B9=
=D3=C3<B>=CB=BD=D3=D0 SQL =
=C7=F8</B>=B4=E6=B4=A2=C6=E4=D0=C5=CF=A2=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">050</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3De.24.1.2.1></A>Scrollable Cursors</H3></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3Dc.24.1.2.1></A>24.1.2.1 =
=BF=C9=B9=F6=B6=AF=D3=CE=B1=EA</H3></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">051</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Execution of a=20
      cursor puts the results of the query into a set of rows called the =
result=20
      set, which can be fetched sequentially or nonsequentially. =
<B>Scrollable=20
      cursors</B> are cursors in which fetches and DML operations do not =
need to=20
      be forward sequential only. Interfaces exist to fetch previously =
fetched=20
      rows, to fetch the nth row in the result set, and to fetch the nth =
row=20
      from the current position in the result set.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=D6=B4=D0=D0=D3=CE=B1=EA=CA=B1=A3=AC=B2=E9=D1=AF=BD=E1=B9=FB=
=BD=AB=B1=BB=B7=C5=C8=EB=D2=BB=B8=F6=CA=FD=BE=DD=D0=D0=BC=AF=C4=DA=A3=AC=D5=
=E2=B8=F6=CA=FD=BE=DD=D0=D0=BC=AF=B1=BB=B3=C6=CE=AA=BD=E1=B9=FB=BC=AF[res=
ult=20
      =
set]=A3=AC=BD=E1=B9=FB=BC=AF=BF=C9=D2=D4=B1=BB=CB=B3=D0=F2[sequentially]=BB=
=F2=B7=C7=CB=B3=D0=F2[nonsequentially]=B5=D8=BB=F1=C8=A1[fetch]=A1=A3=C8=E7=
=B9=FB=CA=B9=D3=C3<B>=BF=C9=B9=F6=B6=AF=D3=CE=B1=EA</B>[scrollable=20
      cursor]=A3=AC=D4=F2=BB=F1=C8=A1=CA=FD=BE=DD=BB=F2=D6=B4=D0=D0 DML =
=B2=D9=D7=F7=CA=B1=BE=CD=B2=BB=D2=BB=B6=A8=B0=B4=D5=D5=CF=F2=C7=B0=B5=C4=CB=
=B3=D0=F2=BD=F8=D0=D0=A1=A3=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=D2=D4=CD=A8=B9=FD Oracle=20
      =
=CC=E1=B9=A9=B5=C4=BD=D3=BF=DA=BB=F1=C8=A1=D6=AE=C7=B0=D2=D1=BE=AD=BB=F1=C8=
=A1=B9=FD=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=D0=D0=A3=AC=BB=F1=C8=A1=BD=E1=B9=FB=BC=AF=C4=DA=
=CE=BB=D3=DA=B5=DA n =
=CE=BB=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=D0=D0=A3=AC=BB=F2=BB=F1=C8=A1=BD=E1=B9=FB=BC=AF=C4=
=DA=B4=D3=D3=CE=B1=EA=B5=B1=C7=B0=CE=BB=D6=C3=C6=F0=B5=DA n =
=CE=BB=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=D0=D0=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">052</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>
        <P><B>See Also:</B><BR><BR><A=20
        =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/appdev.102/b142=
50/toc.htm">Oracle=20
        Call Interface Programmer's Guide</A> for more information about =
using=20
        scrollable cursors in OCI</P></BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>=C1=ED=BC=FB=A3=BA</B><BR><BR><A=20
        =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/appdev.102/b142=
50/toc.htm">Oracle=20
        Call Interface Programmer's Guide</A> =
=C1=CB=BD=E2=C8=E7=BA=CE=D4=DA OCI=20
=D6=D0=CA=B9=D3=C3=BF=C9=B9=F6=B6=AF=D3=CE=B1=EA</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">053</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H2><A name=3De.24.1.3></A>Shared SQL</H2></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H2><A name=3Dc.24.1.3></A>24.1.3 =B9=B2=CF=ED SQL</H2></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">054</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle =
automatically=20
      notices when applications send similar SQL statements to the =
database. The=20
      SQL area used to process the first occurrence of the statement is=20
      <B>shared</B>=A1=AAthat is, used for processing subsequent =
occurrences of that=20
      same statement. Therefore, only one shared SQL area exists for a =
unique=20
      statement. Because shared SQL areas are shared memory areas, any =
Oracle=20
      process can use a shared SQL area. The sharing of SQL areas =
reduces memory=20
      use on the database server, thereby increasing system =
throughput.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle =
=C4=DC=B9=BB=D7=D4=B6=AF=B5=D8=D5=EC=B2=E2=B5=BD=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=CF=
=F2=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=CC=E1=BD=BB=CF=E0=CD=AC=B5=C4=CF=E0=CD=AC=B5=C4 =
SQL=20
      =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=A1=A3=D3=C3=D3=DA=B4=A6=C0=ED=B5=DA=D2=BB=B4=CE=B3=F6=CF=D6=B5=
=C4=D3=EF=BE=E4=B5=C4 SQL =C7=F8[SQL =
area]=BD=AB=B1=BB<B>=B9=B2=CF=ED</B>=A3=AC=D6=AE=BA=F3=CC=E1=BD=BB=B5=C4=CF=
=E0=CD=AC SQL =D3=EF=BE=E4=D2=B2=CA=B9=D3=C3=B4=CB SQL=20
      =C7=F8=A1=A3=D2=F2=B4=CB=B6=D4=D3=DA=CD=EA=C8=AB=CF=E0=CD=AC=B5=C4 =
SQL =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=C0=B4=CB=B5=A3=AC=CF=B5=CD=B3=D6=D0=D6=BB=B4=E6=D4=DA=D2=BB=B8=
=F6=B9=B2=CF=ED SQL =C7=F8[shared SQL area]=A1=A3=B9=B2=CF=ED SQL=20
      =
=C7=F8=CA=C7=D2=BB=D6=D6=B9=B2=CF=ED=B5=C4=C4=DA=B4=E6=BF=D5=BC=E4=A3=AC=C8=
=CE=BA=CE Oracle =
=BD=F8=B3=CC=B6=BC=BF=C9=D2=D4=CA=B9=D3=C3=B4=CB=C7=F8=D3=F2=A1=A3=BD=AB =
SQL=20
    =
=C7=F8=B9=B2=CF=ED=C4=DC=B9=BB=BC=F5=C9=D9=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B7=FE=CE=F1=C6=
=F7=B5=C4=C4=DA=B4=E6=CA=B9=D3=C3=A3=AC=CC=E1=C9=FD=CF=B5=CD=B3=B5=C4=B4=A6=
=C0=ED=C4=DC=C1=A6=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">055</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">In =
evaluating=20
      whether statements are similar or identical, Oracle considers SQL=20
      statements issued directly by users and applications as well as =
recursive=20
      SQL statements issued internally by a DDL =
statement.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D4=DA=C6=C0=B9=C0=D0=C2=CC=E1=BD=BB=D3=EF=BE=E4=D3=EB=D2=D1=
=B4=B4=BD=A8 SQL =
=C7=F8=B5=C4=D3=EF=BE=E4=CA=C7=B7=F1=CF=E0=CD=AC=CA=B1=A3=ACOracle=20
      =
=BC=C8=BF=BC=C2=C7=D3=C9=D3=C3=BB=A7=BC=B0=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=D6=B1=BD=
=D3=CC=E1=BD=BB=B5=C4 SQL =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=A3=AC=CD=AC=CA=B1=D2=B2=BF=BC=C2=C7=D3=C9 DDL =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=D2=FE=CA=BD=CC=E1=BD=BB=B5=C4=B5=DD=B9=E9 SQL =
=D3=EF=BE=E4[recursive SQL=20
      statement]=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">056</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>
        <P><B>See Also:</B><BR><BR><A=20
        =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/appdev.102/b142=
51/toc.htm">Oracle=20
        Database Application Developer's Guide - Fundamentals</A> and <A =

        =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b142=
11/toc.htm">Oracle=20
        Database Performance Tuning Guide</A> for more information about =
shared=20
        SQL</P></BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>=C1=ED=BC=FB=A3=BA</B><BR><BR><A=20
        =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/appdev.102/b142=
51/toc.htm">Oracle=20
        Database Application Developer's Guide - Fundamentals</A> =BC=B0 =
<A=20
        =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b142=
11/toc.htm">Oracle=20
        Database Performance Tuning Guide</A> =
=C1=CB=BD=E2=B9=D8=D3=DA=B9=B2=CF=ED SQL =
=B5=C4=B8=FC=B6=E0=D0=C5=CF=A2</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">057</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H2><A name=3De.24.1.4></A>Parsing</H2></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H2><A name=3Dc.24.1.4></A>24.1.4 =BD=E2=CE=F6</H2></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">058</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%"><B>Parsing</B> is=20
      one stage in the processing of a SQL statement. When an =
application issues=20
      a SQL statement, the application makes a parse call to Oracle. =
During the=20
      parse call, Oracle:
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Checks the statement for =
syntactic and=20
        semantic validity=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Determines whether the process =
issuing=20
        the statement has privileges to run it=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Allocates a private SQL area =
for the=20
        statement </LI></UL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%"><B>=BD=E2=CE=F6</B>[parsing]=CA=C7=B4=A6=C0=ED SQL=20
      =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=B9=FD=B3=CC=D6=D0=B5=C4=D2=BB=B8=F6=BB=B7=BD=DA=A1=A3=B5=B1=D3=
=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=CC=E1=BD=BB SQL =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=CA=B1=A3=AC=D2=E2=CE=B6=D7=C5=CF=F2 Oracle =
=B7=A2=C6=F0=C1=CB=D2=BB=B8=F6=BD=E2=CE=F6=B5=F7=D3=C3[parse =
call]=A1=A3Oracle=20
      =
=B5=C4=BD=E2=CE=F6=B5=F7=D3=C3=CD=EA=B3=C9=C8=E7=CF=C2=B9=A4=D7=F7=A3=BA
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=BC=EC=B2=E9=D3=EF=BE=E4=D3=EF=B7=A8[syntactic]=BC=B0=D3=EF=D2=E5[s=
emantic]=C9=CF=B5=C4=D5=FD=C8=B7=D0=D4=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=BC=EC=B2=E9=CC=E1=BD=BB=D3=EF=BE=E4=B5=C4=BD=F8=B3=CC=CA=C7=B7=F1=D3=
=D0=C8=A8=CF=DE=D6=B4=D0=D0=B4=CB=D3=EF=BE=E4=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=CE=AA=D3=EF=BE=E4=B7=D6=C5=E4=D2=BB=B8=F6=CB=BD=D3=D0 SQL =
=C7=F8[private SQL area]=20
      </LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">059</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle =
also=20
      determines whether there is an existing shared SQL area containing =
the=20
      parsed representation of the statement in the library cache. If =
so, the=20
      user process uses this parsed representation and runs the =
statement=20
      immediately. If not, Oracle generates the parsed representation of =
the=20
      statement, and the user process allocates a shared SQL area for =
the=20
      statement in the library cache and stores its parsed =
representation=20
      there.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle =
=BB=B9=D0=E8=C5=D0=B6=CF=BF=E2=BB=BA=B4=E6[library=20
      =
cache]=D6=D0=CA=C7=B7=F1=D2=D1=BE=AD=B4=E6=D4=DA=B0=FC=BA=AC=BE=AD=B9=FD=BD=
=E2=CE=F6=B5=C4=D3=EB=D0=C2=CC=E1=BD=BB=D3=EF=BE=E4=CF=E0=CD=AC=D3=EF=BE=E4=
=B5=C4=B9=B2=CF=ED SQL =C7=F8[shared SQL =
area]=A1=A3=C8=E7=B9=FB=B4=E6=D4=DA=A3=AC=D4=F2=D3=C3=BB=A7=BD=F8=B3=CC[u=
ser=20
      =
process]=CA=B9=D3=C3=BD=E2=CE=F6=BD=E1=B9=FB=C1=A2=BC=B4=D4=CB=D0=D0=D3=EF=
=BE=E4=A1=A3=C8=E7=B9=FB=B2=BB=B4=E6=D4=DA=A3=ACOracle =
=BD=AB=C9=FA=B3=C9=D3=EF=BE=E4=BD=E2=CE=F6=BD=E1=B9=FB=A3=AC=D3=C3=BB=A7=BD=
=F8=B3=CC=D4=DA=BF=E2=BB=BA=B4=E6=D6=D0=CE=AA=D3=EF=BE=E4=B7=D6=C5=E4=B9=B2=
=CF=ED SQL=20
      =
=C7=F8=B4=E6=B4=A2=BD=E2=CE=F6=BD=E1=B9=FB=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">060</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Note =
the difference=20
      between an application making a parse call for a SQL statement and =
Oracle=20
      actually parsing the statement. A <B>parse call</B> by the=20
      <B>application</B> associates a SQL statement with a private SQL =
area.=20
      After a statement has been associated with a private SQL area, it =
can be=20
      run repeatedly without your application making a parse call. A =
<B>parse=20
      operation</B> by Oracle allocates a shared SQL area for a SQL =
statement.=20
      Once a shared SQL area has been allocated for a statement, it can =
be run=20
      repeatedly without being reparsed.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=CE=AA=D3=EF=BE=E4=CC=E1=BD=BB=BD=E2=
=CE=F6=B5=F7=D3=C3=D3=EB Oracle=20
      =
=B6=D4=D3=EF=BE=E4=BD=F8=D0=D0=BD=E2=CE=F6=CA=C7=D3=D0=C7=F8=B1=F0=B5=C4=A1=
=A3<B>=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2</B>=CC=E1=BD=BB<B>=BD=E2=CE=F6=B5=F7=D3=C3=
</B>=CA=B1=BD=AB SQL =D3=EF=BE=E4=D3=EB=CB=BD=D3=C3 SQL =
=C7=F8=B9=D8=C1=AA=A1=A3=B5=B1 SQL =D3=EF=BE=E4=D3=EB=CB=BD=D3=C3 SQL=20
      =C7=F8=B9=D8=C1=AA=BA=F3=A3=AC=B4=CB SQL =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=BE=CD=BF=C9=D2=D4=D6=D8=B8=B4=D4=CB=D0=D0=B6=F8=CE=DE=D0=E8=D3=
=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=D4=D9=B4=CE=CC=E1=BD=BB=BD=E2=CE=F6=B5=F7=D3=C3=A1=A3=
=B6=F8 Oracle =
=BD=F8=D0=D0<B>=BD=E2=CE=F6=B2=D9=D7=F7</B>=CA=B1=BD=AB=CE=AA SQL =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=B7=D6=C5=E4=B9=B2=CF=ED=20
      SQL =C7=F8=A1=A3=B5=B1=D3=EF=BE=E4=D2=D1=BB=F1=B5=C3=B9=B2=CF=ED =
SQL =
=C7=F8=BA=F3=A3=AC=BE=CD=BF=C9=D2=D4=D6=D8=B8=B4=D4=CB=D0=D0=B6=F8=CE=DE=D0=
=E8=D4=D9=B4=CE=BD=E2=CE=F6=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">061</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Both =
parse calls and=20
      parsing can be expensive relative to execution, so perform them as =
seldom=20
      as possible.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=D3=EB=D3=EF=BE=E4=D6=B4=D0=D0[execution]=CF=E0=B1=C8=A3=AC=
=BD=E2=CE=F6=B5=F7=D3=C3=D3=EB=BD=E2=CE=F6=B2=D9=D7=F7=CA=C7=CF=B5=CD=B3=BF=
=AA=CF=FA=BD=CF=B8=DF=B5=C4=B2=D9=D7=F7=A3=AC=CB=F9=D2=D4=D3=A6=BE=A1=BF=C9=
=C4=DC=B5=D8=BC=F5=C9=D9=B4=CB=C0=E0=B2=D9=D7=F7=A1=A3<B><BR>=A1=A1</B></=
TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">062</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>
        <P><B>See Also:</B><BR><BR>"<A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#e.24.2.1"=20
        target=3D_self>Overview of PL/SQL</A>"</P></BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>=C1=ED=BC=FB=A3=BA</B><BR><BR>=A1=B0<A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#c.24.2.1"=20
        target=3D_self>PL/SQL =
=B8=C5=CA=F6</A>=A1=B1</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">063</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H2><A name=3De.24.1.5></A>SQL Processing</H2></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H2><A name=3Dc.24.1.5></A>24.1.5 SQL =
=B4=A6=C0=ED=B9=FD=B3=CC</H2></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">064</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">This =
section=20
      introduces the basics of SQL processing. Topics include:
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#e.24.1.5.1"=20
        target=3D_self>SQL Statement Execution</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#e.24.1.5.2"=20
        target=3D_self>DML Statement Processing</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#e.24.1.5.3"=20
        target=3D_self>DDL Statement Processing</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#e.24.1.5.4"=20
        target=3D_self>Control of Transactions</A> </LI></UL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">=B1=BE=BD=DA=BD=E9=C9=DC =
SQL =
=B4=A6=C0=ED=B9=FD=B3=CC=A1=A3=BE=DF=CC=E5=C4=DA=C8=DD=B0=FC=C0=A8=A3=BA
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#c.24.1.5.1"=20
        target=3D_self>SQL =D3=EF=BE=E4=D6=B4=D0=D0</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#c.24.1.5.2"=20
        target=3D_self>DML =D3=EF=BE=E4=B4=A6=C0=ED=B9=FD=B3=CC</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#c.24.1.5.3"=20
        target=3D_self>DDL =D3=EF=BE=E4=B4=A6=C0=ED=B9=FD=B3=CC</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#c.24.1.5.4"=20
        target=3D_self>=CA=C2=CE=F1=BF=D8=D6=C6</A> </LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">065</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3De.24.1.5.1></A>SQL Statement Execution</H3></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3Dc.24.1.5.1></A>24.1.5.1 SQL =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=D6=B4=D0=D0</H3></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">066</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%"><A=20
      =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#e.f.24.1"=20
      target=3D_self>Figure 24-1</A> outlines the stages commonly used =
to process=20
      and run a SQL statement. In some cases, Oracle can run these =
stages in a=20
      slightly different order. For example, the <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>DEFINE</FONT> stage could occur just before the =
<FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>FETCH</FONT> stage, depending on how you wrote =
your=20
      code.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%"><A=20
      =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#c.f.24.1"=20
      target=3D_self>=CD=BC 24-1</A> =
=CF=D4=CA=BE=C1=CB=B4=A6=C0=ED=BC=B0=D4=CB=D0=D0 SQL =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=B5=C4=B8=F7=B8=F6=B2=BD=D6=E8=A1=A3 =
=D4=DA=C4=B3=D0=A9=C7=E9=BF=F6=CF=C2 Oracle=20
      =
=D6=B4=D0=D0=D5=E2=D0=A9=B2=BD=D6=E8=B5=C4=CB=B3=D0=F2=BF=C9=C4=DC=C2=D4=D3=
=D0=B2=BB=CD=AC=A1=A3=C0=FD=C8=E7=A3=AC=D3=C9=D3=DA=D3=C3=BB=A7=B4=FA=C2=EB=
=B1=E0=D0=B4=B7=BD=CA=BD=B2=BB=CD=AC=A3=AC<FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>DEFINE</FONT> =
=B2=BD=D6=E8=BF=C9=C4=DC=BB=E1=B3=F6=CF=D6=D4=DA=20
      <FONT color=3D#0000ff>FETCH</FONT> =
=B2=BD=D6=E8=D6=AE=C7=B0=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">067</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">For =
many Oracle=20
      tools, several of the stages are performed automatically. Most =
users need=20
      not be concerned with or aware of this level of detail. However, =
this=20
      information could be useful when writing Oracle =
applications.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">=B6=D4=D3=DA=D0=ED=B6=E0 =
Oracle=20
      =
=B9=A4=BE=DF=A3=AC=CD=BC=D6=D0=D3=D0=D0=A9=B2=BD=D6=E8=CA=C7=D7=D4=B6=AF=D6=
=B4=D0=D0=B5=C4=A1=A3=BE=F8=B4=F3=B6=E0=CA=FD=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=D3=C3=BB=A7=
=B2=BB=B1=D8=C1=CB=BD=E2=D5=E2=D0=A9=CF=B8=BD=DA=A1=A3=B5=AB=CA=C7=A3=AC=D3=
=A6=D3=C3=BF=AA=B7=A2=D5=DF=D4=DA=B9=A4=D7=F7=D6=D0=D3=A6=B8=C3=B2=CE=BF=BC=
=D5=E2=D0=A9=D0=C5=CF=A2=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">068</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%"><I><B><FONT=20
      size=3D2><A name=3De.f.24.1></A>Figure 24-1 The Stages in =
Processing a SQL=20
      Statement<BR>=A1=A1</FONT></B></I></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%"><I><B><FONT size=3D2><A=20
      name=3Dc.f.24.1></A>=CD=BC 24-1 =B4=A6=C0=ED SQL =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=B5=C4=B2=BD=D6=E8<BR>=A1=A1</FONT></B></I></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">069</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <P align=3Dcenter><A=20
      =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/img=
/e.cncpt105.gif"><IMG=20
      height=3D556=20
      =
src=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/img/=
e.cncpt105.gif"=20
      width=3D460 border=3D0></A><BR>=A1=A1</P></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <P align=3Dcenter><A=20
      =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/img=
/c.cncpt105.gif"><IMG=20
      height=3D556=20
      =
src=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/img/=
c.cncpt105.gif"=20
      width=3D460 border=3D0></A><BR>=A1=A1</P></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">070</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>
        <P><FONT size=3D2>Figure 24-1 is a flow chart depicting the =
paths in=20
        processing a SQL statement. It shows the path from OPEN through =
PARSE,=20
        EXECUTE, PARALLELIZE, and CLOSE. It also shows the optional and=20
        iterative DESCRIBE and DEFINE loops, BIND loop, and FETCH loop. =
Before=20
        CLOSE, the process can repeat by going back to the bind decision =
or all=20
        the way back to PARSE.</FONT></P></BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><FONT size=3D2>=CD=BC 24-1 =CA=C7=B1=ED=CA=BE SQL=20
        =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=B4=A6=C0=ED=B9=FD=B3=CC=C2=B7=BE=B6=B5=C4=C1=F7=B3=CC=CD=BC=A1=
=A3=CD=BC=D6=D0=B5=C4=D6=F7=CF=DF=D7=D4=B4=F2=BF=AA[OPEN]=C6=F0=A3=AC=BE=AD=
=B9=FD=BD=E2=CE=F6[PARSE]=A3=AC=20
        =
=D6=B4=D0=D0[EXECUTE]=A3=AC=B2=A2=D0=D0=BB=AF[PARALLELIZE]=A3=AC=B5=BD=B9=
=D8=B1=D5[CLOSE]=D6=B9=A1=A3=CD=BC=D6=D0=BB=B9=CF=D4=CA=BE=C1=CB=BF=C9=D1=
=A1=B5=C4=D1=AD=BB=B7=C2=B7=BE=B6=A3=AC=B0=FC=C0=A8=C3=E8=CA=F6[DESCRIBE]=
=D1=AD=BB=B7=A3=AC=20
        =
=B6=A8=D2=E5[DEFINE]=D1=AD=BB=B7=A3=AC=B0=F3=B6=A8[BIND]=D1=AD=BB=B7=A3=AC=
=BC=B0=BB=F1=C8=A1[FETCH]=D1=AD=BB=B7=A1=A3=D4=DA=B9=D8=B1=D5=D6=AE=C7=B0=
=A3=AC=C1=F7=B3=CC=BF=C9=D2=D4=BB=D8=B5=BD=B0=F3=B6=A8=C5=D0=B6=CF[bind=20
        =
decision]=BB=F2=BD=E2=CE=F6=B2=BD=D6=E8=D6=D8=B8=B4=BD=F8=D0=D0=A1=A3</FO=
NT></BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">071</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3De.24.1.5.2></A>DML Statement Processing</H3></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3Dc.24.1.5.2></A>24.1.5.2 DML =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=B4=A6=C0=ED=B9=FD=B3=CC</H3></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">072</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">This =
section=20
      provides an example of what happens during the execution of a SQL=20
      statement in each stage of DML statement =
processing.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=B1=BE=BD=DA=D2=D4=D2=BB=B8=F6 DML =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=B5=C4=D6=B4=D0=D0=B9=FD=B3=CC=CE=AA=C0=FD=CB=B5=C3=F7 =
Oracle =D4=DA SQL=20
      =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=D6=B4=D0=D0=B9=FD=B3=CC=B8=F7=B2=BD=D6=E8=CB=F9=D7=F6=B5=C4=B9=
=A4=D7=F7=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">073</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Assume =
that you are=20
      using a Pro*C program to increase the salary for all employees in =
a=20
      department. The program you are using has connected to Oracle and =
you are=20
      connected to the proper schema to update the <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>employees</FONT> table. You can embed the =
following SQL=20
      statement in your program:<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=BC=D9=C9=E8=D3=C3=BB=A7=CA=B9=D3=C3 Pro*C=20
      =
=B3=CC=D0=F2=D4=F6=BC=D3=CA=F4=D3=DA=C4=B3=D2=BB=B2=BF=C3=C5=B5=C4=CB=F9=D3=
=D0=D4=B1=B9=A4=B5=C4=D0=BD=CB=AE=A1=A3=D3=C3=BB=A7=CA=B9=D3=C3=B5=C4=B3=CC=
=D0=F2=D2=D1=BE=AD=C1=AC=BD=D3=B5=BD Oracle =
=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B2=A2=D1=A1=D4=F1=C1=CB=CF=E0=D3=A6=B5=C4=B7=BD=B0=B8[=
schema]=C0=B4=B8=FC=D0=C2 <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>employees</FONT> =
=B1=ED=A1=A3=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=D2=D4=BD=AB=D2=D4=CF=C2 SQL =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=C7=B6=C8=EB=B3=CC=D0=F2=A3=BA<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">074</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>
        <P>EXEC SQL UPDATE employees SET salary =3D 1.10 * salary =
<BR>WHERE=20
        department_id =3D :department_id;</P></BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>EXEC SQL UPDATE employees SET salary =3D 1.10 * salary =

        <BR>WHERE department_id =3D =
:department_id;</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">075</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%"><FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>Department_id</FONT> is a program variable =
containing a=20
      value for department number. When the SQL statement is run, the =
value of=20
      <FONT color=3D#0000ff>department_id</FONT> is used, as provided by =
the=20
      application program.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%"><FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>Department_id</FONT> =
=CA=C7=D2=BB=B8=F6=B3=CC=D0=F2=B1=E4=C1=BF=A3=AC=C6=E4=D6=D0=B0=FC=BA=AC=B2=
=BF=C3=C5=B1=E0=C2=EB=D6=B5=A1=A3=B5=B1 SQL =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=D4=CB=D0=D0=CA=B1=A3=AC=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=D3=A6=CC=E1=B9=
=A9=20
      <FONT color=3D#0000ff>department_id</FONT> =D6=B5=B9=A9 SQL =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=CA=B9=D3=C3=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">076</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">The =
following stages=20
      are necessary for each type of statement processing:
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#e.24.1.5.2.1"=20
        target=3D_self>Stage 1: Create a Cursor</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#e.24.1.5.2.2"=20
        target=3D_self>Stage 2: Parse the Statement</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#e.24.1.5.2.6"=20
        target=3D_self>Stage 5: Bind Any Variables</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#e.24.1.5.2.8"=20
        target=3D_self>Stage 7: Run the Statement</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#e.24.1.5.2.10"=20
        target=3D_self>Stage 9: Close the Cursor</A> </LI></UL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">=B8=F7=C0=E0 SQL =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=B4=A6=C0=ED=B9=FD=B3=CC=BE=F9=B0=FC=BA=AC=D2=D4=CF=C2=B2=BD=D6=
=E8=A3=BA
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#c.24.1.5.2.1"=20
        =
target=3D_self>=B5=DA=D2=BB=B2=BD=A3=BA=B4=B4=BD=A8=D3=CE=B1=EA</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#c.24.1.5.2.2"=20
        =
target=3D_self>=B5=DA=B6=FE=B2=BD=A3=BA=BD=E2=CE=F6=D3=EF=BE=E4</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#c.24.1.5.2.6"=20
        =
target=3D_self>=B5=DA=CE=E5=B2=BD=A3=BA=B0=F3=B6=A8=B1=E4=C1=BF</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#c.24.1.5.2.8"=20
        =
target=3D_self>=B5=DA=C6=DF=B2=BD=A3=BA=D4=CB=D0=D0=D3=EF=BE=E4</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#c.24.1.5.2.10"=20
        =
target=3D_self>=B5=DA=BE=C5=B2=BD=A3=BA=B9=D8=B1=D5=D3=CE=B1=EA</A> =
</LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">077</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Optionally, you can=20
      include another stage:
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#e.24.1.5.2.7"=20
        target=3D_self>Stage 6: Parallelize the Statement</A> =
</LI></UL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=B4=CB=CD=E2=A3=AC=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=D2=D4=D1=A1=D4=F1=D2=D4=
=CF=C2=B2=BD=D6=E8=A3=BA
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#c.24.1.5.2.7"=20
        =
target=3D_self>=B5=DA=C1=F9=B2=BD=A3=BA=D3=EF=BE=E4=B2=A2=D0=D0=BB=AF</A>=
 </LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">078</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Queries (<FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>SELECTs</FONT>) require several additional stages, =
as shown=20
      in <A=20
      =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#e.f.24.1"=20
      target=3D_self>Figure 24-1</A>:
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#e.24.1.5.2.4"=20
        target=3D_self>Stage 3: Describe Results of a Query</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#e.24.1.5.2.5"=20
        target=3D_self>Stage 4: Define Output of a Query</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#e.24.1.5.2.9"=20
        target=3D_self>Stage 8: Fetch Rows of a Query</A> =
</LI></UL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=B4=A6=C0=ED=B2=E9=D1=AF=A3=A8<FONT=20
      =
color=3D#0000ff>SELECTs</FONT>=A3=A9=CA=B1=BB=B9=D0=E8=D2=AA=D6=B4=D0=D0=D2=
=D4=CF=C2=B2=BD=D6=E8=A3=AC=C8=E7 <A=20
      =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#c.f.24.1"=20
      target=3D_self>=CD=BC 24-1</A> =CB=F9=CA=BE=A3=BA
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#c.24.1.5.2.4"=20
        =
target=3D_self>=B5=DA=C8=FD=B2=BD=A3=BA=C3=E8=CA=F6=B2=E9=D1=AF=BD=E1=B9=FB=
</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#c.24.1.5.2.5"=20
        =
target=3D_self>=B5=DA=CB=C4=B2=BD=A3=BA=B6=A8=D2=E5=B2=E9=D1=AF=B5=C4=CA=E4=
=B3=F6</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#c.24.1.5.2.9"=20
        =
target=3D_self>=B5=DA=B0=CB=B2=BD=A3=BA=BB=F1=C8=A1=B2=E9=D1=AF=B5=C4=CA=FD=
=BE=DD=D0=D0</A> </LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">079</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>
        <P><B>See Also:</B><BR><BR>"<A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#e.24.1.5.2.3"=20
        target=3D_self>Query Processing</A>"</P></BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>=C1=ED=BC=FB=A3=BA</B><BR><BR>=A1=B0<A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#c.24.1.5.2.3"=20
        =
target=3D_self>=B2=E9=D1=AF=B4=A6=C0=ED=B9=FD=B3=CC</A>=A1=B1</BLOCKQUOTE=
></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">080</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3De.24.1.5.2.1></A>Stage 1: Create a Cursor</H4></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3Dc.24.1.5.2.1></A>24.1.5.2.1 =
=B5=DA=D2=BB=B2=BD=A3=BA=B4=B4=BD=A8=D3=CE=B1=EA</H4></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">081</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">A =
program interface=20
      call creates a cursor. <SPAN style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: =
#ffff00">The cursor=20
      is created independent of any SQL statement: it is created in =
expectation=20
      of any SQL statement.</SPAN> In most applications, cursor creation =
is=20
      automatic. However, in precompiler programs, cursor creation can =
either=20
      occur implicitly or be explicitly declared.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=BF=C9=D2=D4=CD=A8=B9=FD=B5=F7=D3=C3=
=BD=D3=BF=DA=B4=B4=BD=A8=D3=CE=B1=EA=A1=A3<SPAN=20
      style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: =
#ffff00">=D3=CE=B1=EA=B5=C4=B4=B4=BD=A8=D3=EB SQL =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=CA=C7=CF=E0=BB=A5=B6=C0=C1=A2=B5=C4=A3=BA=C8=CE=BA=CE=C0=E0=D0=
=CD=B5=C4 SQL=20
      =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=D6=B4=D0=D0=CA=B1=B6=BC=D0=E8=D2=AA=B4=B4=BD=A8=D3=CE=B1=EA=A1=
=A3</SPAN>=D4=DA=B4=F3=B6=E0=CA=FD=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=D6=D0=D3=CE=B1=
=EA=CA=C7=D7=D4=B6=AF=B4=B4=BD=A8=B5=C4=A1=A3=B5=AB=D4=DA=D4=A4=B1=E0=D2=EB=
=B3=CC=D0=F2[precompiler=20
      =
program]=D6=D0=A3=AC=D3=CE=B1=EA=D2=B2=BF=C9=D2=D4=B1=BB=CF=D4=CA=BD=B5=D8=
=C9=F9=C3=F7=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">082</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3De.24.1.5.2.2></A>Stage 2: Parse the =
Statement</H4></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3Dc.24.1.5.2.2></A>24.1.5.2.2 =
=B5=DA=B6=FE=B2=BD=A3=BA=BD=E2=CE=F6=D3=EF=BE=E4</H4></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">083</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">During =
parsing, the=20
      SQL statement is passed from the user process to Oracle, and a =
parsed=20
      representation of the SQL statement is loaded into a shared SQL =
area. Many=20
      errors can be caught during this stage of statement =
processing.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D4=DA=BD=E2=CE=F6=B9=FD=B3=CC=D6=D0=A3=AC=D3=C3=BB=A7=BD=F8=
=B3=CC[user process]=BD=AB SQL =D3=EF=BE=E4=B4=AB=B5=DD=B8=F8=20
      =
Oracle=A3=AC=D6=AE=BA=F3=BD=E2=CE=F6=BD=E1=B9=FB=B1=BB=B4=E6=B4=A2=B5=BD=B9=
=B2=CF=ED SQL =C7=F8[shared SQL=20
area]=D6=D0=A1=A3=D3=EF=BE=E4=B4=A6=C0=ED=B9=FD=B3=CC=D4=DA=B4=CB=B2=BD=D6=
=E8=BF=C9=C4=DC=BB=E1=B3=F6=CF=D6=B6=E0=D6=D6=B4=ED=CE=F3=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1=
</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">084</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Parsing is the=20
      process of:
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Translating a SQL statement, =
verifying=20
        it to be a valid statement=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Performing data dictionary =
lookups to=20
        check table and column definitions=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Acquiring parse locks on =
required=20
        objects so that their definitions do not change during the =
statement's=20
        parsing (however, parse locks can be broken to allow conflicting =
DDL=20
        operations)=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Checking privileges to access =
referenced=20
        schema objects=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Determining the optimal =
execution plan=20
        for the statement=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Loading it into a shared SQL =
area=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Routing all or part of =
distributed=20
        statements to remote nodes that contain referenced data =
</LI></UL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=BD=E2=CE=F6=B0=FC=BA=AC=D2=D4=CF=C2=B9=A4=D7=F7=A3=BA
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">=B7=AD=D2=EB SQL =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=A3=AC=B2=A2=D1=E9=D6=A4=D3=EF=BE=E4=B5=C4=D3=D0=D0=A7=D0=D4 =

        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=B2=E9=D1=AF=CA=FD=BE=DD=D7=D6=B5=E4=B1=ED=A3=AC=BC=EC=B2=E9=CF=E0=B9=
=D8=B1=ED=BC=B0=CA=FD=BE=DD=C1=D0=B5=C4=B6=A8=D2=E5=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=BB=F1=C8=A1=CF=E0=B9=D8=B6=D4=CF=F3=C9=CF=B5=C4=BD=E2=CE=F6=CB=F8[=
parse=20
        =
lock]=A3=AC=C8=B7=B1=A3=B6=D4=CF=F3=B6=A8=D2=E5=B2=BB=BB=E1=D4=DA=D3=EF=BE=
=E4=BD=E2=CE=F6=B9=FD=B3=CC=D6=D0=B8=C4=B1=E4=A3=A8=D3=EB=BD=E2=CE=F6=D3=D0=
=B3=E5=CD=BB=B5=C4 DDL =
=B2=D9=D7=F7=BF=C9=D2=D4=B4=F2=C6=C6=BD=E2=CE=F6=CB=F8=A3=A9=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=BC=EC=B2=E9=B7=C3=CE=CA=CF=E0=B9=D8=B7=BD=B0=B8=B6=D4=CF=F3=B5=C4=C8=
=A8=CF=DE=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=C8=B7=B6=A8=D7=EE=D3=C5=B5=C4=D3=EF=BE=E4=D6=B4=D0=D0=B7=BD=B0=B8[=
execution plan]=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=BD=AB=BD=E2=CE=F6=BD=E1=B9=FB=B4=E6=B4=A2=B5=BD=B9=B2=CF=ED SQL =
=C7=F8=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=BD=AB=B7=D6=B2=BC=CA=BD=D3=EF=BE=E4[distributed=20
        =
statement]=B5=C4=B2=BF=B7=D6=BB=F2=C8=AB=B2=BF=B4=AB=B5=DD=B5=BD=B0=FC=BA=
=AC=CF=E0=B9=D8=CA=FD=BE=DD=B5=C4=D4=B6=B3=CC=BD=DA=B5=E3 =
</LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">085</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle =
parses a SQL=20
      statement only if a shared SQL area for an similar SQL statement =
does not=20
      exist in the shared pool. In this case, a new shared SQL area is=20
      allocated, and the statement is parsed.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D6=BB=D3=D0=B9=B2=CF=ED=B3=D8[shared =
pool]=D6=D0=B2=BB=B4=E6=D4=DA=CF=E0=CD=AC SQL =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=B5=C4=B9=B2=CF=ED=20
      SQL =C7=F8=CA=B1 Oracle =
=B2=C5=D0=E8=BD=E2=CE=F6=D3=EF=BE=E4=A1=A3=D4=DA=D5=E2=D6=D6=C7=E9=BF=F6=CF=
=C2=A3=ACOracle =BD=AB=B4=B4=BD=A8=D0=C2=B5=C4=B9=B2=CF=ED SQL =
=C7=F8=B2=A2=BD=E2=CE=F6=D3=EF=BE=E4=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">086</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">The =
parse stage=20
      includes processing requirements that need to be done only once no =
matter=20
      how many times the statement is run. Oracle translates each SQL =
statement=20
      only once, rerunning that parsed statement during subsequent =
references to=20
      the statement.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">=CE=DE=C2=DB SQL=20
      =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=D4=CB=D0=D0=B6=E0=C9=D9=B4=CE=A3=AC=BD=E2=CE=F6=B2=BD=D6=E8=CB=
=F9=D7=F6=B5=C4=B9=A4=D7=F7=D6=BB=D0=E8=B4=A6=C0=ED=D2=BB=B4=CE=A1=A3Orac=
le =D6=BB=D2=AA=BD=E2=CE=F6 SQL=20
  =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=D2=BB=B4=CE=A3=AC=D4=D9=B4=CE=D4=CB=D0=D0=CD=AC=D1=F9=B5=C4=D3=
=EF=BE=E4=CA=B1=D6=B1=BD=D3=CA=B9=D3=C3=D6=AE=C7=B0=B5=C4=BD=E2=CE=F6=BD=E1=
=B9=FB=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">087</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Although parsing a=20
      SQL statement validates that statement, parsing only identifies =
errors=20
      that can be found before statement execution. Thus, some errors =
cannot be=20
      caught by parsing. For example, errors in data conversion or =
errors in=20
      data (such as an attempt to enter duplicate values in a primary =
key) and=20
      deadlocks are all errors or situations that can be encountered and =

      reported only during the execution stage.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D4=DA=BD=E2=CE=F6=B2=BD=D6=E8=BF=C9=D2=D4=D1=E9=D6=A4 SQL =

      =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=B5=C4=D5=FD=C8=B7=D0=D4=A3=AC=B5=AB=B4=CB=B2=BD=D6=E8=D6=BB=C4=
=DC=D5=D2=B3=F6=D3=EF=BE=E4=D6=B4=D0=D0=C7=B0=BF=C9=C4=DC=B3=F6=CF=D6=B5=C4=
=B4=ED=CE=F3=A1=A3=BC=B4=BD=E2=CE=F6=D6=BB=C4=DC=B7=A2=CF=D6=B2=BF=B7=D6=B4=
=ED=CE=F3=A1=A3=C0=FD=C8=E7=A3=AC=CA=FD=BE=DD=D7=AA=BB=BB=B4=ED=CE=F3=A3=AC=
=CA=FD=BE=DD=C2=DF=BC=AD=B4=ED=CE=F3=A3=A8=C0=FD=C8=E7=CF=F2=D6=F7=BC=FC=D6=
=D0=B2=E5=C8=EB=C1=CB=D6=D8=B8=B4=D6=B5=A3=A9=BC=B0=CB=C0=CB=F8=B5=C8=C7=E9=
=BF=F6=D6=BB=D3=D0=D4=DA=D3=EF=BE=E4=B5=C4=D6=B4=D0=D0=BD=D7=B6=CE=B2=C5 =

      =
=BB=E1=B7=A2=C9=FA=B2=A2=B1=BB=B2=B6=BB=F1=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">088</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>
        <P><B>See Also:</B><BR><BR>"<A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#e.24.1.3"=20
        target=3D_self>Shared SQL</A>"</P></BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>=C1=ED=BC=FB=A3=BA</B><BR><BR>=A1=B0<A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#c.24.1.3"=20
        target=3D_self>=B9=B2=CF=ED SQL</A>=A1=B1</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">089</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3De.24.1.5.2.3></A>Query Processing</H4></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3Dc.24.1.5.2.3></A>24.1.5.2.3 =
=B2=E9=D1=AF=B4=A6=C0=ED=B9=FD=B3=CC</H4></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">090</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Queries are=20
      different from other types of SQL statements because, if =
successful, they=20
      return data as results. Whereas other statements simply return =
success or=20
      failure, a query can return one row or thousands of rows. The =
results of a=20
      query are always in <B>tabular format</B>, and the rows of the =
result are=20
      <B>fetched</B> (retrieved), either a row at a time or in =
groups.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=B2=E9=D1=AF=D3=EB=C6=E4=CB=FB=C0=E0=D0=CD=B5=C4 SQL=20
      =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=D3=D0=CB=F9=B2=BB=CD=AC=A3=AC=C8=E7=B9=FB=B2=E9=D1=AF=C4=DC=B9=
=BB=B3=C9=B9=A6=D6=B4=D0=D0=BD=AB=B7=B5=BB=D8=BD=E1=B9=FB=CA=FD=BE=DD=A1=A3=
=B6=F8=C6=E4=CB=FB=C0=E0=D0=CD=B5=C4 SQL=20
      =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=D6=BB=D0=E8=B7=B5=BB=D8=D6=B4=D0=D0=B3=C9=B9=A6=BB=F2=CA=A7=B0=
=DC=CF=FB=CF=A2=A1=A3=B2=E9=D1=AF=BF=C9=D2=D4=B7=B5=BB=D8=D2=BB=D0=D0=C4=CB=
=D6=C1=CA=FD=C7=A7=D0=D0=CA=FD=BE=DD=A1=A3=B2=E9=D1=AF=BD=E1=B9=FB=D3=C0=D4=
=B6=B2=C9=C8=A1<B>=B1=ED=D0=CE=CA=BD</B>[tabular=20
      =
format]=A3=AC<B>=BB=F1=C8=A1</B>[fetch]=CA=FD=BE=DD=D0=D0=BF=C9=D2=D4=B2=C9=
=C8=A1=D2=BB=B4=CE=BB=F1=C8=A1=D2=BB=D0=D0=BB=F2=D2=BB=B4=CE=BB=F1=C8=A1=D2=
=BB=B8=F6=D0=D0=BC=AF=B5=C4=B7=BD=CA=BD=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">091</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Several issues=20
      relate only to query processing. Queries include not only explicit =
<FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>SELECT</FONT> statements but also the implicit =
queries=20
      (subqueries) in other SQL statements. For example, each of the =
following=20
      statements requires a query as a part of its =
execution:<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=B2=E9=D1=AF=B4=A6=C0=ED=B9=FD=B3=CC=BB=B9=C3=E6=C1=D9=D2=BB=
=D0=A9=CC=D8=CA=E2=B5=C4=CE=CA=CC=E2=A1=A3=B2=E9=D1=AF=B0=FC=C0=A8=CF=D4=CA=
=BD=B5=D8 <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>SELECT</FONT> =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=A3=AC=BB=B9=D3=D0=C6=E4=CB=FB SQL=20
      =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=D6=D0=B5=C4=D2=FE=CA=BD=B2=E9=D1=AF=A3=A8=D7=D3=B2=E9=D1=AF=A3=
=A9=A1=A3=C0=FD=C8=E7=D2=D4=CF=C2=D3=EF=BE=E4=D4=DA=D6=B4=D0=D0=B9=FD=B3=CC=
=D6=D0=B6=BC=D0=E8=BD=F8=D0=D0=B2=E9=D1=AF=A3=BA<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">092</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>
        <P>INSERT INTO table SELECT... <BR><BR>UPDATE table SET x =3D y =
WHERE...=20
        <BR><BR>DELETE FROM table WHERE... <BR><BR>CREATE table AS=20
      SELECT...</P></BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>INSERT INTO table SELECT... <BR><BR>UPDATE table SET x =
=3D y=20
        WHERE... <BR><BR>DELETE FROM table WHERE... <BR><BR>CREATE table =
AS=20
        SELECT...</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">093</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">In =
particular,=20
      queries:
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Require <B>read =
consistency</B>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Can use temporary segments for =

        intermediate processing=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Can require the describe, =
define, and=20
        fetch stages of SQL statement processing. </LI></UL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=B3=FD=B4=CB=D6=AE=CD=E2=A3=AC=B2=E9=D1=AF=BB=B9=BE=DF=D3=D0=
=D2=D4=CF=C2=CC=D8=B5=E3=A3=BA
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=D0=E8=D2=AA=B1=A3=D6=A4<B>=B6=C1=D2=BB=D6=C2=D0=D4</B>[read =
consistency]=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=BF=C9=D2=D4=CA=B9=D3=C3=C1=D9=CA=B1=B6=CE[temporary =
segment]=BD=F8=D0=D0=D6=D0=BC=E4=B4=A6=C0=ED=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=BF=C9=C4=DC=D0=E8=D2=AA=BE=AD=B9=FD SQL=20
        =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=B4=A6=C0=ED=B9=FD=B3=CC=D6=D0=B5=C4=C3=E8=CA=F6[describe]=A3=
=AC=B6=A8=D2=E5[define]=A3=AC=BC=B0=BB=F1=C8=A1=B2=BD=D6=E8 =
</LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">094</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3De.24.1.5.2.4></A>Stage 3: Describe Results of a =
Query</H4></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3Dc.24.1.5.2.4></A>24.1.5.2.4 =
=B5=DA=C8=FD=B2=BD=A3=BA=C3=E8=CA=F6=B2=E9=D1=AF=BD=E1=B9=FB</H4></TD></T=
R>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">095</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">The =
describe stage=20
      is necessary only if the characteristics of a query's result are =
not=20
      known; for example, when a query is entered interactively by a =
user. In=20
      this case, the describe stage determines the characteristics =
(datatypes,=20
      lengths, and names) of a query's result.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=B5=B1=B2=E9=D1=AF=BD=E1=B9=FB=B5=C4=CC=D8=D0=D4[characteri=
stic]=B2=BB=C8=B7=B6=A8=CA=B1=A3=AC=D3=EF=BE=E4=B4=A6=C0=ED=D0=E8=D2=AA=BE=
=AD=B9=FD=C3=E8=CA=F6[describe]=B2=BD=D6=E8=A1=A3=C0=FD=C8=E7=A3=AC=C8=E7=
=B9=FB=B2=E9=D1=AF=CA=C7=D3=C9=D3=C3=BB=A7=BD=BB=BB=A5=CA=BD=B5=D8=CA=E4=C8=
=EB=B5=C4=A3=AC=D4=F2=D0=E8=D2=AA=BE=AD=B9=FD=C3=E8=CA=F6=B2=BD=D6=E8=C8=B7=
=B6=A8=B2=E9=D1=AF=BD=E1=B9=FB=B5=C4=CC=D8=D0=D4=A3=A8=B0=FC=C0=A8=B8=F7=BD=
=E1=B9=FB=D7=D6=B6=CE=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=C0=E0=D0=CD=A3=AC=B3=A4=B6=C8=A3=AC=
=BC=B0=C3=FB=B3=C6=A3=A9=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">096</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3De.24.1.5.2.5></A>Stage 4: Define Output of a =
Query</H4></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3Dc.24.1.5.2.5></A>24.1.5.2.5 =
=B5=DA=CB=C4=B2=BD=A3=BA=B6=A8=D2=E5=B2=E9=D1=AF=B5=C4=CA=E4=B3=F6</H4></=
TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">097</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">In the =
define stage=20
      for queries, you specify the location, size, and datatype of =
variables=20
      defined to receive each fetched value. These variables are called=20
      <B>define variables</B>. Oracle performs datatype conversion if =
necessary.=20
      (See <FONT color=3D#0000ff>DEFINE</FONT> on Figure 24-1, "<A=20
      =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#e.f.24.1"=20
      target=3D_self>The Stages in Processing a SQL =
Statement</A>".)<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=D4=DA=B2=E9=D1=AF=B4=A6=C0=ED=B5=C4=B6=A8=D2=E5=B2=BD=D6=E8=
=D6=D0=A3=AC=D3=C3=BB=A7=D0=E8=D2=AA=C9=E8=B6=A8=D3=C3=D3=DA=BD=D3=CA=D5=BB=
=F1=C8=A1=D6=B5=B5=C4=B1=E4=C1=BF=B5=C4=CE=BB=D6=C3=A3=AC=CA=FD=BE=DD=C0=E0=
=D0=CD=A3=AC=BC=B0=C8=DD=C1=BF=A1=A3=D5=E2=D1=F9=B5=C4=B1=E4=C1=BF=B1=BB=B3=
=C6=CE=AA<B>=B6=A8=D2=E5=B1=E4=C1=BF</B>[define=20
      variable]=A1=A3=D4=DA=D0=E8=D2=AA=CA=B1 Oracle =
=C4=DC=B9=BB=D7=D4=B6=AF=D6=B4=D0=D0=CA=FD=BE=DD=C0=E0=D0=CD=D7=AA=BB=BB=A1=
=A3=A3=A8=BC=FB <A=20
      =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#c.f.24.1"=20
      target=3D_self>=CD=BC 24-1</A> =CB=F9=CA=BE=B5=C4 <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>DEFINE</FONT>=20
  =B2=BD=D6=E8=A1=A3=A3=A9<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">098</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3De.24.1.5.2.6></A>Stage 5: Bind Any =
Variables</H4></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3Dc.24.1.5.2.6></A>24.1.5.2.6 =
=B5=DA=CE=E5=B2=BD=A3=BA=B0=F3=B6=A8=B1=E4=C1=BF</H4></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">099</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">At =
this point,=20
      Oracle knows the meaning of the SQL statement but still does not =
have=20
      enough information to run the statement. Oracle needs values for =
any=20
      variables listed in the statement; in the example, Oracle needs a =
value=20
      for <FONT color=3D#0000ff>department_id</FONT>. The process of =
obtaining=20
      these values is called <B>binding variables</B>.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D4=DA=B4=CB=BD=D7=B6=CE=A3=ACOracle =
=D2=D1=BE=AD=BD=E2=CA=CD=C1=CB SQL=20
      =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=B5=C4=BA=AC=D2=E5=A3=AC=B5=AB=BB=B9=C8=B1=B7=A6=D7=E3=B9=BB=B5=
=C4=D0=C5=CF=A2=D4=CB=D0=D0=B4=CB=D3=EF=BE=E4=A1=A3Oracle =
=BB=B9=D0=E8=D2=AA=D3=EF=BE=E4=D6=D0=B0=FC=BA=AC=B5=C4=B1=E4=C1=BF=B5=C4=D6=
=B5=A1=A3=D4=DA=CA=BE=C0=FD=D6=D0=A3=ACOracle =D0=E8=D2=AA <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>department_id</FONT> =
=B5=C4=D6=B5=A1=A3=BB=F1=B5=C3=D5=E2=D0=A9=B1=E4=C1=BF=D6=B5=B5=C4=B9=FD=B3=
=CC=B1=BB=B3=C6=CE=AA<B>=B0=F3=B6=A8=B1=E4=C1=BF</B>[binding=20
      variable]=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">100</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">A =
program must=20
      specify the location (memory address) where the value can be =
found. End=20
      users of applications may be unaware that they are specifying bind =

      variables, because the Oracle utility can simply prompt them for a =
new=20
      value.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=B1=D8=D0=EB=D6=B8=B6=A8=B1=E4=C1=BF=
=D6=B5=B5=C4=B4=E6=B4=A2=CE=BB=D6=C3=A3=A8=BC=B4=C4=DA=B4=E6=B5=D8=D6=B7=A3=
=A9=A1=A3Oracle=20
      =
=B9=A4=BE=DF=C4=DC=B9=BB=CC=E1=CA=BE=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=B5=C4=D3=C3=BB=
=A7=CA=E4=C8=EB=B1=E4=C1=BF=D6=B5=A3=AC=B5=AB=D3=C3=BB=A7=CE=DE=D0=E8=C1=CB=
=BD=E2=B0=F3=B6=A8=B1=E4=C1=BF=B5=C4=B9=FD=B3=CC=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR=
>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">101</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Because you specify=20
      the location (binding by reference), you need not rebind the =
variable=20
      before reexecution. You can change its value and Oracle looks up =
the value=20
      on each execution, using the memory address.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=B5=B1=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=D6=B8=B6=A8=C1=CB=B1=E4=C1=BF=
=D6=B5=B5=C4=B4=E6=B4=A2=CE=BB=D6=C3=BA=F3=A3=AC=D4=D9=B4=CE=D6=B4=D0=D0=D3=
=EF=BE=E4=CA=B1=CE=DE=D0=E8=D6=D8=B8=B4=B0=F3=B6=A8=B1=E4=C1=BF=A1=A3=D3=C3=
=BB=A7=BF=C9=D2=D4=D0=DE=B8=C4=B1=E4=C1=BF=D6=B5=A3=ACOracle=20
      =
=C4=DC=B9=BB=D4=DA=C3=BF=B4=CE=D6=B4=D0=D0=CA=B1=CD=A8=B9=FD=C4=DA=B4=E6=B5=
=D8=D6=B7=BB=F1=B5=C3=B1=E4=C1=BF=D6=B5=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">102</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">You must also specify a =
datatype and=20
      length for each value (unless they are implied or defaulted) if =
Oracle=20
      needs to perform datatype conversion.</SPAN><BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">=C8=E7=B9=FB Oracle=20
      =
=D0=E8=D2=AA=D6=B4=D0=D0=CA=FD=BE=DD=C0=E0=D0=CD=D7=AA=BB=BB=A3=AC=D3=A6=D3=
=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=B1=D8=D0=EB=D6=B8=B6=A8=B1=E4=C1=BF=D6=B5=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=
=C0=E0=D0=CD=BA=CD=B3=A4=B6=C8=A3=A8=B3=FD=B7=C7=B1=E4=C1=BF=D6=B5=D3=D0=D2=
=FE=BA=AC=BB=F2=C4=AC=C8=CF=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=C0=E0=D0=CD=A3=A9=A1=A3</SP=
AN><BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">103</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>See Also:</B>
        <UL>
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/appdev.102/b142=
50/toc.htm">Oracle=20
          Call Interface Programmer's Guide</A>=20
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/appdev.102/b144=
07/toc.htm">Pro*C/C++=20
          Programmer's Guide</A> (see "Dynamic SQL Method 4")=20
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/appdev.102/a961=
09/toc.htm">Pro*COBOL=20
          Programmer's Guide</A> (see "Dynamic SQL Method 4") </LI></UL>
        <P>for more information about specifying a datatype and length =
for a=20
        value </P></BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>=C1=ED=BC=FB=A3=BA</B>
        <UL>
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/appdev.102/b142=
50/toc.htm">Oracle=20
          Call Interface Programmer's Guide</A>=20
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/appdev.102/b144=
07/toc.htm">Pro*C/C++=20
          Programmer's Guide</A>=A3=A8=BC=FB=A1=B0Dynamic SQL Method =
4=A1=B1=A3=A9=20
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/appdev.102/a961=
09/toc.htm">Pro*COBOL=20
          Programmer's Guide</A>=A3=A8=BC=FB=A1=B0Dynamic SQL Method =
4=A1=B1=A3=A9 </LI></UL>
        =
<P>=C1=CB=BD=E2=C8=E7=BA=CE=D6=B8=B6=A8=B1=E4=C1=BF=D6=B5=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=
=C0=E0=D0=CD=BA=CD=B3=A4=B6=C8</P></BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">104</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3De.24.1.5.2.7></A>Stage 6: Parallelize the =
Statement</H4></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3Dc.24.1.5.2.7></A>24.1.5.2.7 =
=B5=DA=C1=F9=B2=BD=A3=BA=D3=EF=BE=E4=B2=A2=D0=D0=BB=AF</H4></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">105</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle =
can=20
      parallelize queries (<FONT color=3D#0000ff>SELECT</FONT>s, <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>INSERT</FONT>s, <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>UPDATE</FONT>s, <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>MERGE</FONT>s, <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>DELETE</FONT>s), and some=20
      DDL operations such as index creation, creating a table with a =
subquery,=20
      and operations on partitions. Parallelization causes multiple =
server=20
      processes to perform the work of the SQL statement so it can =
complete=20
      faster.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle =
=C4=DC=B9=BB=B2=A2=D0=D0=BB=AF=B5=D8=D6=B4=D0=D0=B2=E9=D1=AF=A3=A8<FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>SELECT</FONT>=A3=AC<FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>INSERT</FONT>=A3=AC<FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>UPDATE</FONT>=A3=AC<FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>MERGE</FONT>=A3=AC<FONT=20
      =
color=3D#0000ff>DELETE</FONT>=A3=A9=A3=AC=BB=B9=C4=DC=B9=BB=B2=A2=D0=D0=BB=
=AF=B5=D8=D6=B4=D0=D0=C4=B3=D0=A9 DDL=20
      =
=B2=D9=D7=F7=A3=AC=C0=FD=C8=E7=B4=B4=BD=A8=CB=F7=D2=FD=A3=AC=CD=A8=B9=FD=D7=
=D3=B2=E9=D1=AF=B4=B4=BD=A8=B1=ED=A3=AC=BC=B0=B7=D6=C7=F8=B2=D9=D7=F7=B5=C8=
=A1=A3=B2=A2=D0=D0=D6=B4=D0=D0=CA=B9=D3=C3=B6=E0=B8=F6=BD=F8=B3=CC=D6=B4=D0=
=D0 SQL =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=A3=AC=D2=D4=CC=E1=B8=DF=D6=B4=D0=D0=CB=D9=B6=C8=A1=A3<BR>=A1=
=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">106</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>See Also:</B><BR><BR>Chapter 16, "<A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/16.Business%20Intelligence.htm">Business=20
        Intelligence</A>"</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>=C1=ED=BC=FB=A3=BA</B><BR><BR>=B5=DA 16 =
=D5=C2=A3=AC=A1=B0<A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/16.Business%20Intelligence.htm">=D2=B5=CE=F1=D6=C7=C4=DC</A>=
=A1=B1</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">107</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3De.24.1.5.2.8></A>Stage 7: Run the =
Statement</H4></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3Dc.24.1.5.2.8></A>24.1.5.2.8 =
=B5=DA=C6=DF=B2=BD=A3=BA=D4=CB=D0=D0=D3=EF=BE=E4</H4></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">108</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">At =
this point,=20
      Oracle has all necessary information and resources, so the =
statement is=20
      run. If the statement is a query or an <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>INSERT</FONT>=20
      statement, no rows need to be locked because no data is being =
changed. If=20
      the statement is an <FONT color=3D#0000ff>UPDATE</FONT> or <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>DELETE</FONT> statement, however, all rows that =
the=20
      statement affects are locked from use by other users of the =
database until=20
      the next <FONT color=3D#0000ff>COMMIT</FONT>, <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>ROLLBACK</FONT>, or <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>SAVEPOINT</FONT> for=20
      the transaction. <SPAN style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">This =
ensures data=20
      integrity.</SPAN><BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D3=EF=BE=E4=B4=A6=C0=ED=BD=F8=D0=D0=B5=BD=B4=CB=B2=BD=D6=E8=
=CA=B1=A3=ACOracle=20
      =
=D2=D1=BB=F1=B5=C3=C1=CB=D7=E3=B9=BB=B5=C4=D0=C5=CF=A2=BC=B0=D7=CA=D4=B4=A3=
=AC=B4=CB=CA=B1=D3=EF=BE=E4=BF=C9=D2=D4=BF=AA=CA=BC=D6=B4=D0=D0=A1=A3=C8=E7=
=B9=FB=D3=EF=BE=E4=CE=AA=B2=E9=D1=AF=BB=F2 <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>INSERT</FONT>=20
      =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=A3=AC=B2=BB=BB=E1=B6=D4=D2=D1=D3=D0=CA=FD=BE=DD=BD=F8=D0=D0=D0=
=DE=B8=C4=A3=AC=D2=F2=B4=CB=B2=BB=B1=D8=B6=D4=C8=CE=BA=CE=CA=FD=BE=DD=D0=D0=
=BC=D3=CB=F8=A1=A3=C8=E7=B9=FB=D3=EF=BE=E4=CE=AA <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>UPDATE</FONT> =BB=F2=20
      <FONT color=3D#0000ff>DELETE</FONT> =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=A3=AC=D4=F2=CB=F9=D3=D0=CA=DC=D3=B0=CF=EC=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=D0=
=D0=B6=BC=BD=AB=B1=BB=BC=D3=CB=F8=A3=AC=D6=B1=D6=C1=CA=C2=CE=F1=CC=E1=BD=BB=
=C1=CB <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>COMMIT</FONT>=A3=AC<FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>ROLLBACK</FONT>=A3=AC=BB=F2 <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>SAVEPOINT</FONT> =
=C3=FC=C1=EE=CB=F8=B2=C5=C4=DC=B1=BB=CA=CD=B7=C5=A3=AC=CB=F8=C4=DC=B9=BB=B1=
=DC=C3=E2=C6=E4=CB=FB=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=D3=C3=BB=A7=CA=B9=D3=C3=D5=E2=D0=A9=
=CA=FD=BE=DD=D0=D0=A1=A3<SPAN=20
      style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: =
#ffff00">=CB=F8=BB=FA=D6=C6=D3=C3=D3=DA=C8=B7=B1=A3=CA=FD=BE=DD=D2=BB=D6=C2=
=D0=D4=A1=A3</SPAN><BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">109</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">For some statements you can =
specify a=20
      number of executions to be performed. This is called =
</SPAN><B><SPAN=20
      style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">array =
processing</SPAN></B><SPAN=20
      style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">. Given n number of =
executions, the bind=20
      and define locations are assumed to be the beginning of an array =
of size=20
      n.</SPAN><BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: =
#ffff00">=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=D2=D4=C9=E8=B6=A8=D2=BB=CC=F5 SQL =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=B5=C4=D6=B4=D0=D0=B4=CE=CA=FD=A1=A3=D5=E2=B1=BB=B3=C6=CE=AA<=
/SPAN><B><SPAN=20
      style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: =
#ffff00">=C5=FA=C1=BF=D6=B4=D0=D0</SPAN></B><SPAN=20
      style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">[array =
processing]=A1=A3=C8=E7=B9=FB=D3=C3=BB=A7=C9=E8=B6=A8=B5=C4=D6=B4=D0=D0=B4=
=CE=CA=FD=CE=AA=20
      =
n=A3=AC=D4=F2=D4=DA=B6=A8=D2=E5=BC=B0=B0=F3=B6=A8=B2=BD=D6=E8=D0=E8=D2=AA=
=CA=B9=D3=C3=B3=A4=B6=C8=CE=AA n =
=B5=C4=CA=FD=D7=E9=B1=A3=B4=E6=CF=E0=B9=D8=B5=C4=C9=E8=B6=A8=A1=A3</SPAN>=
<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">110</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3De.24.1.5.2.9></A>Stage 8: Fetch Rows of a =
Query</H4></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3Dc.24.1.5.2.9></A>24.1.5.2.9 =
=B5=DA=B0=CB=B2=BD=A3=BA=BB=F1=C8=A1=B2=E9=D1=AF=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=D0=D0<=
/H4></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">111</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">In the =
fetch stage,=20
      rows are selected and ordered (if requested by the query), and =
each=20
      successive fetch retrieves another row of the result until the =
last row=20
      has been fetched.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=D4=DA=CA=FD=BE=DD=BB=F1=C8=A1[fetch]=B2=BD=D6=E8=A3=AC=CA=FD=
=BE=DD=D0=D0=BD=AB=B1=BB=D1=A1=D4=F1=B2=A2=C5=C5=D0=F2=A3=A8=C8=E7=B9=FB=B2=
=E9=D1=AF=D2=AA=C7=F3=C5=C5=D0=F2=A3=A9=A3=AC=C3=BF=B8=F6=BB=F1=C8=A1=B2=D9=
=D7=F7=C8=A1=BB=D8=BD=E1=B9=FB=BC=AF=D6=D0=B5=C4=D2=BB=CC=F5=CA=FD=BE=DD=D0=
=D0=A3=AC=C8=A1=BB=D8=D7=EE=BA=F3=D2=BB=D0=D0=BA=F3=BB=F1=C8=A1=B2=BD=D6=E8=
=BD=E1=CA=F8=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">112</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3De.24.1.5.2.10></A>Stage 9: Close the =
Cursor</H4></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3Dc.24.1.5.2.10></A>24.1.5.2.10 =
=B5=DA=BE=C5=B2=BD=A3=BA=B9=D8=B1=D5=D3=CE=B1=EA</H4></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">113</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">The =
final stage of=20
      processing a SQL statement is closing the cursor.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">=B4=A6=C0=ED SQL =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=B5=C4=D7=EE=BA=F3=D2=BB=B8=F6=B2=BD=D6=E8=CA=C7=B9=D8=B1=D5=D3=
=CE=B1=EA=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">114</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3De.24.1.5.3></A>DDL Statement Processing</H3></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3Dc.24.1.5.3></A>24.1.5.3 DDL =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=B4=A6=C0=ED=B9=FD=B3=CC</H3></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">115</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">The =
execution of DDL=20
      statements differs from the execution of DML statements and =
queries,=20
      because the success of a DDL statement requires write access to =
the data=20
      dictionary. For these statements, parsing (Stage 2) actually =
includes=20
      parsing, data dictionary lookup, and execution.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">DDL =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=B5=C4=D6=B4=D0=D0=D3=EB DML =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=BC=B0=B2=E9=D1=AF=B5=C4=D6=B4=D0=D0=D3=D0=CB=F9=C7=F8=B1=F0=A3=
=AC=D2=F2=CE=AA DDL=20
      =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=D6=B4=D0=D0=CA=B1=D0=E8=D2=AA=CF=F2=CA=FD=BE=DD=D7=D6=B5=E4=D6=
=D0=D0=B4=C8=EB=CA=FD=BE=DD=A1=A3=B6=D4=D3=DA DDL=20
  =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=A3=AC=D4=DA=BD=E2=CE=F6=B2=BD=D6=E8=A3=A8=B5=DA=B6=FE=B2=BD=A3=
=A9=CA=B5=BC=CA=B0=FC=BA=AC=C1=CB=BD=E2=CE=F6=A3=AC=CA=FD=BE=DD=D7=D6=B5=E4=
=B2=E9=D1=AF=A3=AC=BC=B0=CA=FD=BE=DD=D7=D6=B5=E4=D0=DE=B8=C4=D3=EF=BE=E4=B5=
=C4=D6=B4=D0=D0=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">116</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Transaction=20
      management, session management, and system management SQL =
statements are=20
      processed using the parse and run stages. <SPAN=20
      style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">To rerun them, simply perform =
another=20
      execute.</SPAN><BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D3=C3=D3=DA=BD=F8=D0=D0=CA=C2=CE=F1=B9=DC=C0=ED=A3=AC=BB=E1=
=BB=B0=B9=DC=C0=ED=A3=AC=BC=B0=CF=B5=CD=B3=B9=DC=C0=ED=B5=C4 SQL=20
      =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=CA=C7=D4=DA=BD=E2=CE=F6=BC=B0=D4=CB=D0=D0=B2=BD=D6=E8=D6=B4=D0=
=D0=B5=C4=A1=A3<SPAN=20
      style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: =
#ffff00">=D4=D9=B4=CE=CC=E1=BD=BB=D5=E2=D0=A9=D3=EF=BE=E4=CA=B1=BE=CD=C4=DC=
=B9=BB=D6=D8=B8=B4=D6=B4=D0=D0=A1=A3</SPAN><BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">117</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3De.24.1.5.4></A>Control of Transactions</H3></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3Dc.24.1.5.4></A>24.1.5.4 =
=CA=C2=CE=F1=BF=D8=D6=C6</H3></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; border-bo: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">118</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">In =
general, only=20
      application designers using the programming interfaces to Oracle =
are=20
      concerned with the types of actions that should be grouped =
together as one=20
      transaction. Transactions must be defined so that work is =
accomplished in=20
      logical units and data is kept consistent. A transaction should =
consist of=20
      all of the necessary parts for one logical unit of work, no more =
and no=20
      less.
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Data in all referenced tables =
should be=20
        in a consistent state before the transaction begins and after it =
ends.=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><SPAN=20
        style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">Transactions should consist =
of only=20
        the SQL statements that make one consistent change to the =
data.</SPAN>=20
        </LI></UL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D2=BB=B0=E3=C7=E9=BF=F6=CF=C2=A3=AC=D6=BB=D3=D0=CD=A8=B9=FD=
=B1=E0=B3=CC=BD=D3=BF=DA=CA=B9=D3=C3 Oracle=20
      =
=B5=C4=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=BF=AA=B7=A2=D5=DF=B2=C5=D0=E8=D2=AA=B9=D8=D0=
=C4=C8=E7=BA=CE=BD=AB=B2=BB=CD=AC=C0=E0=D0=CD=B5=C4=B6=E0=B8=F6=B2=D9=D7=F7=
=B9=E9=CE=AA=D2=BB=B8=F6=CA=C2=CE=F1=A1=A3=D4=DA=CA=B5=BC=CA=D3=A6=D3=C3=D6=
=D0=D0=E8=D2=AA=CD=A8=B9=FD=CA=C2=CE=F1=C8=B7=B1=A3=C2=DF=BC=AD=C9=CF=CA=F4=
=D3=DA=CD=AC=D2=BB=D7=E9=B5=C4=B2=D9=D7=F7=CD=AC=CA=B1=D6=B4=D0=D0=A3=AC=B4=
=D3=B6=F8=C8=B7=B1=A3=CA=FD=BE=DD=D2=BB=D6=C2=D0=D4=A1=A3=D2=BB=B8=F6=CA=C2=
=CE=F1=D3=A6=D3=C9=C2=DF=BC=AD=C9=CF=B1=D8=D0=EB=CD=AC=CA=B1=D6=B4=D0=D0=B5=
=C4=D2=BB=D7=E9=B2=D9=D7=F7=B9=B9=B3=C9=A1=A3
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=D3=EB=B2=D9=D7=F7=CF=E0=B9=D8=B5=C4=CB=F9=D3=D0=CA=FD=BE=DD=B1=ED=D6=
=D0=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=D4=DA=CA=C2=CE=F1=BF=AA=CA=BC=C7=B0=BC=B0=CA=C2=CE=F1=
=D6=B4=D0=D0=BA=F3=BE=F9=D3=A6=BE=DF=B1=B8=CA=FD=BE=DD=D2=BB=D6=C2=D0=D4=A1=
=A3=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><SPAN=20
        style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">=CA=C2=CE=F1=C4=DA=B5=C4 SQL =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=D6=BB=C4=DC=B6=D4=CA=FD=BE=DD=BD=F8=D0=D0=D2=BB=B4=CE=BE=DF=B1=
=B8=D2=BB=D6=C2=D0=D4=B5=C4=D0=DE=B8=C4=A1=A3</SPAN>=20
        </LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">119</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">For =
example, a=20
      transfer of funds between two accounts (the transaction or logical =
unit of=20
      work) should include the debit to one account (one SQL statement) =
and the=20
      credit to another account (one SQL statement). Both actions should =
either=20
      fail or succeed together as a unit of work; the credit should not =
be=20
      committed without the debit. Other unrelated actions, such as a =
new=20
      deposit to one account, should not be included in the transfer of =
funds=20
      transaction.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=C0=FD=C8=E7=A3=AC=D4=DA=C1=BD=B8=F6=D5=CB=BB=A7=BC=E4=D7=AA=
=D5=CA=A3=A8=C2=DF=BC=AD=C9=CF=CF=E0=B9=D8=B5=C4=D2=BB=D7=E9=B2=D9=D7=F7=A3=
=AC=BC=B4=D2=BB=B8=F6=CA=C2=CE=F1=A3=A9=B0=FC=C0=A8=B6=D4=D2=BB=B8=F6=D5=CB=
=BB=A7=BD=F8=D0=D0=BD=E8=B7=BD=B2=D9=D7=F7=A3=A8=D2=BB=CC=F5 SQL=20
      =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=A3=A9=BC=B0=B6=D4=C1=ED=D2=BB=B8=F6=D5=CB=BB=A7=BD=F8=D0=D0=B4=
=FB=B7=BD=B2=D9=D7=F7=A3=A8=D2=BB=CC=F5 SQL=20
      =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=A3=A9=A1=A3=C1=BD=B8=F6=B2=D9=D7=F7=D4=DA=C2=DF=BC=AD=C9=CF=CA=
=F4=D3=DA=D2=BB=D7=E9=A3=AC=B1=D8=D0=EB=CD=AC=CA=B1=D6=B4=D0=D0=BB=F2=CD=AC=
=CA=B1=B3=B7=CF=FA=A3=AC=BC=B4=D6=BB=D3=D0=BD=E8=B7=BD=B2=D9=D7=F7=B3=C9=B9=
=A6=B2=C5=C4=DC=CC=E1=BD=BB=B4=FB=B7=BD=B2=D9=D7=F7=A1=A3=C6=E4=CB=FB=B2=BB=
=CF=E0=B9=D8=B5=C4=B2=D9=D7=F7=A3=AC=C0=FD=C8=E7=B6=D4=C6=E4=D6=D0=D2=BB=B8=
=F6=D5=CB=BB=A7=BD=F8=D0=D0=B4=E6=BF=EE=B2=D9=D7=F7=A3=AC=B2=BB=D3=A6=B0=FC=
=BA=AC=D4=DA=D7=AA=D5=CA=CA=C2=CE=F1=D6=D0=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">120</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H2><A name=3De.24.1.6></A>Overview of the Optimizer</H2></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H2><A name=3Dc.24.1.6></A>24.1.6 =
=D3=C5=BB=AF=C6=F7=B8=C5=CA=F6</H2></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">121</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">All =
SQL statements=20
      use the <B>optimizer</B>, a part of Oracle that determines the =
most=20
      efficient means of accessing the specified data. Oracle also =
provides=20
      techniques that you can use to make the optimizer perform its job=20
      better.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">=CB=F9=D3=D0 SQL =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=B6=BC=BF=C9=D2=D4=CA=B9=D3=C3 Oracle=20
      =
=C4=DA=D6=C3=B5=C4<B>=D3=C5=BB=AF=C6=F7</B>[optimizer]=D1=A1=D4=F1=B7=C3=CE=
=CA=C6=E4=CB=F9=D0=E8=CA=FD=BE=DD=B5=C4=D7=EE=D3=C5=B7=BD=CA=BD=A1=A3=D3=C3=
=BB=A7=BB=B9=BF=C9=D2=D4=CA=B9=D3=C3 Oracle=20
      =
=CC=E1=B9=A9=B5=C4=B9=A4=BE=DF=C5=E4=D6=C3=D3=C5=BB=AF=C6=F7=CA=B9=C6=E4=B8=
=FC=BA=C3=B5=C4=B9=A4=D7=F7=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">122</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">There =
are often many=20
      different ways to process a SQL DML (<FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>SELECT</FONT>,=20
      <FONT color=3D#0000ff>INSERT</FONT>, <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>UPDATE</FONT>,=20
      <FONT color=3D#0000ff>MERGE</FONT>, or <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>DELETE</FONT>)=20
      statement; for example, by varying the order in which tables or =
indexes=20
      are accessed. The procedure Oracle uses to run a statement can =
greatly=20
      affect how quickly the statement runs. The optimizer considers =
many=20
      factors among alternative access paths.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle =
=CD=EA=B3=C9=D2=BB=B8=F6 SQL DML =D3=EF=BE=E4=A3=A8<FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>SELECT</FONT>=A3=AC<FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>INSERT</FONT>=A3=AC<FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>UPDATE</FONT>=A3=AC<FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>MERGE</FONT>=A3=AC=BB=F2 <FONT=20
      =
color=3D#0000ff>DELETE</FONT>=A3=A9=B5=C4=B7=BD=CA=BD=D3=D0=B6=E0=D6=D6 =
=A1=A3=C0=FD=C8=E7=A3=AC=B7=C3=CE=CA=D3=EF=BE=E4=C4=DA=B8=F7=B8=F6=B1=ED=BC=
=B0=CB=F7=D2=FD=B5=C4=CB=B3=D0=F2=BF=C9=D2=D4=B2=BB=CD=AC=A1=A3Oracle=20
      =
=D4=CB=D0=D0=D3=EF=BE=E4=B5=C4=B7=BD=CA=BD=BF=C9=C4=DC=BB=E1=CF=D4=D6=F8=B5=
=D8=D3=B0=CF=EC=D3=EF=BE=E4=D4=CB=D0=D0=B5=C4=CB=D9=B6=C8=A1=A3=D3=C5=BB=AF=
=C6=F7=C4=DC=B9=BB=BF=BC=C2=C7=B6=E0=D6=D6=D2=F2=CB=D8=B4=D3=BF=C9=D1=A1=D4=
=F1=B5=C4=B7=C3=CE=CA=C2=B7=BE=B6 =
=D6=D0=C8=B7=B6=A8=D7=EE=D3=C5=B7=BD=B0=B8=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">123</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>Note:</B><BR><BR>The optimizer might not make the =
same=20
        decisions from one version of Oracle to the next. In recent =
versions,=20
        the optimizer might make decisions based on better information =
available=20
        to it.</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      =
<BLOCKQUOTE><B>=CC=E1=CA=BE=A3=BA</B><BR><BR>=B2=BB=CD=AC=B0=E6=B1=BE=B5=C4=
 Oracle =
=D4=DA=CF=E0=CD=AC=CC=F5=BC=FE=CF=C2=D7=F7=B3=F6=B5=C4=BE=F6=B6=A8=BF=C9=C4=
=DC=B2=BB=CD=AC=A1=A3=D4=DA=D7=EE=D0=C2=B0=E6=B1=BE=B5=C4 Oracle=20
        =
=D6=D0=A3=AC=D3=C5=BB=AF=C6=F7=BF=C9=D2=D4=C0=FB=D3=C3=CC=E1=B9=A9=B8=F8=CB=
=FB=B5=C4=B8=FC=B6=E0=D0=C5=CF=A2=D7=F6=B3=F6=B8=FC=BA=C3=B5=C4=D6=B4=D0=D0=
=BE=F6=B2=DF=A1=A3</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">124</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">You =
can influence=20
      the optimizer's choices by setting the optimizer approach and =
goal.=20
      Objects with stale or no statistics are automatically analyzed. =
You can=20
      also gather statistics for the optimizer using the PL/SQL package =
<FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>DBMS_STATS</FONT>.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=D2=D4=C9=E8=D6=C3=D3=C5=BB=AF=C6=F7=BE=F6=
=B2=DF=B7=BD=CA=BD=BC=B0=C4=BF=B1=EA=C0=B4=D3=B0=CF=EC=D3=C5=BB=AF=C6=F7=B5=
=C4=D1=A1=D4=F1=A1=A3=B6=D4=D3=DA=C3=BB=D3=D0=CD=B3=BC=C6=D0=C5=CF=A2[sta=
tistic]=BC=B0=D0=C5=CF=A2=B3=C2=BE=C9=B5=C4=B6=D4=CF=F3 Oracle=20
      =
=C4=DC=B9=BB=D7=D4=B6=AF=B5=D8=BD=F8=D0=D0=B7=D6=CE=F6=A1=A3=D3=C3=BB=A7=D2=
=B2=BF=C9=D2=D4=CA=B9=D3=C3 PL/SQL =B0=FC <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>DBMS_STATS</FONT>=20
      =
=CE=AA=D3=C5=BB=AF=C6=F7=CA=D5=BC=AF=CD=B3=BC=C6=D0=C5=CF=A2=A1=A3<BR>=A1=
=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">125</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Sometimes the=20
      application designer, who has more information about a particular=20
      application's data than is available to the optimizer, can choose =
a more=20
      effective way to run a SQL statement. The application designer can =
use=20
      hints in SQL statements to specify how the statement should be=20
run.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=D3=D0=CA=B1=A3=AC=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=BF=AA=B7=A2=D5=DF=
=CB=F9=D5=C6=CE=D5=B5=C4=B9=D8=D3=DA=CA=FD=BE=DD=B5=C4=D0=C5=CF=A2=BF=C9=C4=
=DC=B6=E0=D3=DA=D3=C5=BB=AF=C6=F7=A3=AC=B4=CB=CA=B1=BF=AA=B7=A2=D5=DF=BF=C9=
=D2=D4=D1=A1=D4=F1=B8=FC=B8=DF=D0=A7=B5=C4=B7=BD=CA=BD=D6=B4=D0=D0 SQL =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=A1=A3=BF=AA=B7=A2=D5=DF=BF=C9=D2=D4=D4=DA=20
      SQL =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=D6=D0=CA=B9=D3=C3=D6=B4=D0=D0=D6=B8=CA=BE[hint]=C0=B4=CB=B5=C3=
=F7=D3=EF=BE=E4=D3=A6=B8=C3=C8=E7=BA=CE=D6=B4=D0=D0=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD><=
/TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">126</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>
        <P><B>See Also:</B></P>
        <UL>
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/appdev.102/b142=
58/toc.htm">Oracle=20
          Database PL/SQL Packages and Types Reference</A> for =
information about=20
          using <FONT color=3D#0000ff>DBMS_STATS</FONT>=20
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b142=
11/toc.htm">Oracle=20
          Database Performance Tuning Guide</A> for more information =
about the=20
          optimizer </LI></UL></BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>
        <P><B>=C1=ED=BC=FB=A3=BA</B></P>
        <UL>
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/appdev.102/b142=
58/toc.htm">Oracle=20
          Database PL/SQL Packages and Types Reference</A> =
=C1=CB=BD=E2=C8=E7=BA=CE=CA=B9=D3=C3 <FONT=20
          color=3D#0000ff>DBMS_STATS</FONT> =B0=FC=20
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b142=
11/toc.htm">Oracle=20
          Database Performance Tuning Guide</A> =
=C1=CB=BD=E2=B9=D8=D3=DA=D3=C5=BB=AF=C6=F7=B5=C4=B8=FC=B6=E0=D0=C5=CF=A2 =

    </LI></UL></BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">127</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3De.24.1.6.1></A>Execution Plans</H3></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3Dc.24.1.6.1></A>24.1.6.1 =
=D6=B4=D0=D0=BC=C6=BB=AE</H3></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">128</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">To run =
a DML=20
      statement, Oracle might need to perform many steps. Each of these =
steps=20
      either retrieves rows of data physically from the database or =
prepares=20
      them in some way for the user issuing the statement. The =
combination of=20
      the steps Oracle uses to run a statement is called an execution =
plan. An=20
      execution plan includes an access method for each table that the =
statement=20
      accesses and an ordering of the tables (the join order). The steps =
of the=20
      execution plan are not performed in the order in which they are=20
      numbered.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D4=DA=D4=CB=D0=D0=D2=BB=CC=F5 DML =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=CA=B1=A3=ACOracle=20
      =
=BF=C9=C4=DC=D0=E8=D2=AA=D6=B4=D0=D0=B6=E0=B8=F6=B2=BD=D6=E8=A1=A3=C0=FD=C8=
=E7=A3=AC=B4=D3=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=CE=EF=C0=ED=CE=C4=BC=FE=D6=D0=BB=F1=C8=A1=
=CA=FD=BE=DD=D0=D0=A3=AC=BB=F2=BD=AB=CA=FD=BE=DD=D5=FB=C0=ED=CE=AA=CC=E1=BD=
=BB=D3=EF=BE=E4=B5=C4=D3=C3=BB=A7=CB=F9=D0=E8=B5=C4=D0=CE=CA=BD=A1=A3Orac=
le=20
      =
=D4=CB=D0=D0=D2=BB=CC=F5=D3=EF=BE=E4=B5=C4=CB=F9=D3=D0=B2=BD=D6=E8=B1=BB=B3=
=C6=CE=AA=D3=EF=BE=E4=B5=C4=D6=B4=D0=D0=BC=C6=BB=AE[execution=20
      =
plan]=A1=A3=D6=B4=D0=D0=BC=C6=BB=AE=D6=D0=B0=FC=C0=A8=D3=EF=BE=E4=CB=F9=D0=
=E8=CA=FD=BE=DD=CB=F9=D4=DA=CA=FD=BE=DD=B1=ED=B5=C4=B7=C3=CE=CA=B7=BD=CA=BD=
=A3=AC=D2=D4=BC=B0=CA=FD=BE=DD=B1=ED=B5=C4=B7=C3=CE=CA=CB=B3=D0=F2=A3=A8=BC=
=B4=B9=D8=C1=AA=CB=B3=D0=F2=A3=A9=A1=A3=D0=E8=D2=AA=D7=A2=D2=E2=B5=C4=CA=C7=
=A3=AC=D6=B4=D0=D0=BC=C6=BB=AE=B8=F7=B2=BD=D6=E8=B5=C4=D6=B4=D0=D0=CB=B3=D0=
=F2=B2=BB=CA=C7=CD=A8=B9=FD=B1=E0=BA=C5=B1=ED=CA=BE=B5=C4=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1=
</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">129</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3De.24.1.6.1.1></A>Stored Outlines</H4></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3Dc.24.1.6.1.1></A>24.1.6.1.1 =
=B4=E6=B4=A2=D6=B4=D0=D0=B8=C5=D2=AA</H4></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">130</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Stored =
outlines are=20
      abstractions of an execution plan generated by the optimizer at =
the time=20
      the outline was created and are represented primarily as a set of =
hints.=20
      When the outline is subsequently used, these hints are applied at =
various=20
      stages of compilation. Outline data is stored in the <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>OUTLN</FONT> schema. You can tune execution plans =
by editing=20
      stored outlines.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=B4=E6=B4=A2=D6=B4=D0=D0=B8=C5=D2=AA[stored=20
      outline]=CA=C7=D6=B4=D0=D0=BC=C6=BB=AE[execution=20
      =
plan]=B5=C4=B8=C5=D2=AA=A3=AC=D3=C9=D3=C5=BB=AF=C6=F7[optimizer]=B4=B4=BD=
=A8=B8=C5=D2=AA=B5=C4=CD=AC=CA=B1=B6=D4=C6=E4=BD=F8=D0=D0=B4=E6=B4=A2=A3=AC=
=B4=CB=B8=C5=D2=AA=D6=F7=D2=AA=D3=C9=D2=BB=D7=E9=D6=B4=D0=D0=CC=E1=CA=BE[=
hint]=B9=B9=B3=C9=A1=A3=B5=B1=D2=BB=B8=F6=D6=B4=D0=D0=B8=C5=D2=AA=B1=BB=CA=
=B9=D3=C3=CA=B1=A3=AC=C6=E4=D6=D0=B5=C4=D6=B4=D0=D0=CC=E1=CA=BE=BD=AB=B1=BB=
=D3=A6=D3=C3=B5=BD=D3=EF=BE=E4=B8=F7=D6=B4=D0=D0=B2=BD=D6=E8=B5=C4=B1=E0=D2=
=EB=B9=FD=B3=CC=D6=D0=A1=A3=D6=B4=D0=D0=B8=C5=D2=AA=CA=FD=BE=DD=B4=E6=B4=A2=
=D4=DA=20
      <FONT color=3D#0000ff>OUTLN</FONT> =
=B7=BD=B0=B8=D6=D0=A1=A3=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=D2=D4=B1=E0=BC=AD=B4=E6=B4=A2=D6=
=B4=D0=D0=B8=C5=D2=AA=D2=D4=B5=F7=D5=FB=D6=B4=D0=D0=BC=C6=BB=AE=A1=A3<BR>=
=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">131</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3De.24.1.6.1.2></A>Editing Stored Outlines</H4></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3Dc.24.1.6.1.2></A>24.1.6.1.2 =
=B1=E0=BC=AD=B4=E6=B4=A2=D6=B4=D0=D0=B8=C5=D2=AA</H4></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">132</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">The =
outline is=20
      cloned into the user's schema at the onset of the outline editing =
session.=20
      All subsequent editing operations are performed on that clone =
until the=20
      user is satisfied with the edits and chooses to publicize them. In =
this=20
      way, any editing done by the user does not impact the rest of the =
user=20
      community, which would continue to use the public version of the =
outline=20
      until the edits are explicitly saved.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=B5=B1=B1=E0=BC=AD=B4=E6=B4=A2=D6=B4=D0=D0=B8=C5=D2=AA[stor=
ed=20
      =
outline]=B5=C4=BB=E1=BB=B0=BF=AA=CA=BC=CA=B1=A3=AC=B1=BB=B1=E0=BC=AD=B5=C4=
=D6=B4=D0=D0=B8=C5=D2=AA=BD=AB=B1=BB=B8=B4=D6=C6=B5=BD=CF=E0=D3=A6=B5=C4=D3=
=C3=BB=A7=B7=BD=B0=B8[schema]=D6=D0=A1=A3=D6=AE=BA=F3=CB=F9=D3=D0=B5=C4=B1=
=E0=BC=AD=B2=D9=D7=F7=BE=F9=D5=EB=B6=D4=B4=CB=B8=B1=B1=BE=D6=B4=D0=D0=A3=AC=
=D6=B1=D6=C1=D3=C3=BB=A7=BE=F6=B6=A8=B7=A2=B2=BC=B1=E0=BC=AD=BA=C3=B5=C4=D6=
=B4=D0=D0=B8=C5=D2=AA=A1=A3=B2=C9=C8=A1=B4=CB=D6=D6=B7=BD=CA=BD=A3=AC=D2=BB=
=B8=F6=D3=C3=BB=A7=D0=DE=B8=C4=B4=E6=B4=A2=D6=B4=D0=D0=B8=C5=D2=AA=CA=B1=B2=
=BB=BB=E1=D3=B0=CF=EC=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B5=C4=C6=E4=CB=FB=D3=C3=BB=A7=A3=AC=
=C6=E4=CB=FB=D3=C3=BB=A7=BD=AB=BC=CC=D0=F8=CA=B9=D3=C3=D2=D1=B7=A2=B2=BC=B5=
=C4=B4=E6=B4=A2=D6=B4=D0=D0=B8=C5=D2=AA=A3=AC=D6=B1=B5=BD=D3=C3=BB=A7=B1=E0=
=BC=AD=BD=E1=B9=FB=B1=BB=CF=D4=CA=BD=B5=D8=B1=A3=B4=E6=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</T=
D></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">133</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>See Also:</B><BR><BR><A=20
        =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b142=
11/toc.htm">Oracle=20
        Database Performance Tuning Guide</A> for details about =
execution plans=20
        and using stored outlines</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>=C1=ED=BC=FB=A3=BA</B><BR><BR><A=20
        =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b142=
11/toc.htm">Oracle=20
        Database Performance Tuning Guide</A>=20
  =
=C1=CB=BD=E2=D6=B4=D0=D0=BC=C6=BB=AE=B5=C4=CF=B8=BD=DA=D2=D4=BC=B0=C8=E7=BA=
=CE=CA=B9=D3=C3=B4=E6=B4=A2=D6=B4=D0=D0=B8=C5=D2=AA</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR=
>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">134</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H1><SPAN style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 20pt"><A name=3De.24.2></A>Overview =
of=20
      Procedural Languages</SPAN></H1></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H1><SPAN style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 20pt"><A name=3Dc.24.2></A>24.2=20
      =B9=FD=B3=CC=BB=AF=D3=EF=D1=D4=B8=C5=CA=F6</SPAN></H1></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">135</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">In =
Oracle, SQL,=20
      PL/SQL, XML, and Java all interoperate seamlessly in a way that =
allows=20
      developers to mix-and-match the most relevant features of each =
language.=20
      SQL and PL/SQL form the core of Oracle's application development =
stack.=20
      Not only do most enterprise back-ends run SQL, but Web =
applications=20
      accessing databases do so using SQL (wrappered by Java classes as =
JDBC),=20
      Enterprise Application Integration applications generate XML from =
SQL=20
      queries, and content-repositories are built on top of SQL tables. =
It is a=20
      simple, widely understood, unified data model. It is used =
standalone in=20
      many applications, but it is also invoked indirectly from Java =
(JDBC),=20
      Oracle Call Interface (dynamic SQL), and XML (XML SQL =
Utility).<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">=D4=DA Oracle =
=CF=B5=CD=B3=C4=DA=A3=ACSQL=A3=ACPL/SQL=A3=ACXML=A3=AC=BC=B0 Java=20
      =
=BC=E4=BF=C9=D2=D4=BD=F8=D0=D0=CE=DE=B7=EC=B5=D8=CF=E0=BB=A5=B2=D9=D7=F7=A3=
=AC=BF=AA=B7=A2=D5=DF=BF=C9=D2=D4=B4=EE=C5=E4=CA=B9=D3=C3=B8=F7=D6=D6=D3=EF=
=D1=D4=D6=D0=B5=C4=CF=E0=B9=D8=CC=D8=D0=D4=A1=A3SQL =BC=B0 PL/SQL =
=B9=B9=B3=C9=C1=CB Oracle=20
      =
=D3=A6=D3=C3=BF=AA=B7=A2=BF=F2=BC=DC=B5=C4=BA=CB=D0=C4=A1=A3=BE=F8=B4=F3=B6=
=E0=CA=FD=B5=C4=C6=F3=D2=B5=BA=F3=CC=A8=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=D0=E8=D2=AA=
=D4=CB=D0=D0 SQL=A3=ACWeb =
=D3=A6=B3=CC=D0=F2=B7=C3=CE=CA=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=CA=B1=D2=B2=D0=E8=D2=AA=CA=
=B9=D3=C3 SQL=A3=A8=B4=CB=CA=B1 SQL =B1=BB=B7=E2=D7=B0=CE=AA JDBC=20
      Java =
=C0=E0=A3=A9=A3=AC=C6=F3=D2=B5=D3=A6=D3=C3=BC=AF=B3=C9=CF=B5=CD=B3=D0=E8=D2=
=AA=CA=B9=D3=C3 SQL =B2=E9=D1=AF=C9=FA=B3=C9 =
XML=A3=AC=B8=F7=D6=D6=C4=DA=C8=DD=D7=CA=C1=CF=BF=E2[content-repository]=D2=
=B2=B9=B9=BD=A8=D3=DA SQL=20
      =CA=FD=BE=DD=B1=ED=D6=AE=C9=CF=A1=A3SQL =
=CA=C7=D2=BB=D6=D6=BC=F2=B5=A5=A3=AC=B1=BB=B9=E3=B7=BA=C0=ED=BD=E2=A3=AC=C7=
=D2=CD=B3=D2=BB=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=B7=C3=CE=CA=C4=A3=D0=CD=A1=A3SQL =
=BF=C9=D2=D4=D4=DA=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=D6=D0=B6=C0=C1=A2=CA=B9=D3=C3=A3=
=AC=D2=B2=BF=C9=D2=D4=D3=C9 Java=A3=A8JDBC=A3=A9=A3=ACOracle=20
      Call Interface=A3=A8=B6=AF=CC=AC SQL=A3=A9=A3=AC=BC=B0 =
XML=A3=A8XML SQL =
=B9=A4=BE=DF=A3=A9=BC=E4=BD=D3=B5=D8=CA=B9=D3=C3=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR=
>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">136</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">This =
section=20
      includes the following:
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#e.24.2.1"=20
        target=3D_self>Overview of PL/SQL</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#e.24.2.2"=20
        target=3D_self>Overview of Java</A> </LI></UL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=B1=BE=BD=DA=B0=FC=BA=AC=D2=D4=CF=C2=C4=DA=C8=DD=A3=BA
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#c.24.2.1"=20
        target=3D_self>PL/SQL =B8=C5=CA=F6</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#c.24.2.2"=20
        target=3D_self>Java =B8=C5=CA=F6</A> </LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">137</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H2><A name=3De.24.2.1></A>Overview of PL/SQL</H2></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H2><A name=3Dc.24.2.1></A>24.2.1 PL/SQL =
=B8=C5=CA=F6</H2></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">138</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">PL/SQL =
is Oracle's=20
      procedural language extension to SQL. It provides a server-side, =
stored=20
      procedural language that is easy-to-use, seamless with SQL, =
robust,=20
      portable, and secure. The PL/SQL compiler and interpreter are =
embedded in=20
      Oracle Developer, providing developers with a consistent and =
leveraged=20
      development model on both the client and the server side. In =
addition,=20
      PL/SQL stored procedures can be called from a number of Oracle =
clients,=20
      such as Pro*C or Oracle Call Interface, and from Oracle Reports =
and Oracle=20
      Forms.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">PL/SQL =CA=C7 Oracle =
=D4=DA SQL=20
      =
=B5=C4=BB=F9=B4=A1=C9=CF=C0=A9=D5=B9=B6=F8=B3=C9=B5=C4=B9=FD=B3=CC=BB=AF=D3=
=EF=D1=D4=A1=A3PL/SQL =
=CA=C7=D2=BB=D6=D6=B4=E6=B4=A2=B2=A2=D4=CB=D0=D0=D3=DA=B7=FE=CE=F1=B6=CB=B5=
=C4=B9=FD=B3=CC=BB=AF=D3=EF=D1=D4=A3=AC=BE=DF=D3=D0=B0=B2=C8=AB=A3=AC=BD=A1=
=D7=B3=A3=AC=BF=C9=D2=C6=D6=B2=A3=AC=D2=D7=D3=DA=CA=B9=D3=C3=A3=AC=C7=D2=D3=
=EB SQL =CE=DE=B7=EC=BC=AF=B3=C9=B5=C8=CC=D8=B5=E3=A1=A3=D4=DA=20
      Oracle Developer =D6=D0=B0=FC=BA=AC=C1=CB PL/SQL =
=B1=E0=D2=EB=C6=F7=BC=B0=BD=E2=CA=CD=C6=F7=A3=AC=BF=AA=B7=A2=D5=DF=BF=C9=D2=
=D4=B2=C9=D3=C3=CF=E0=CD=AC=B5=C4=B7=BD=CA=BD=BF=AA=B7=A2=BF=CD=BB=A7=B6=CB=
=BC=B0=B7=FE=CE=F1=B6=CB=B3=CC=D0=F2=A1=A3=B4=CB=CD=E2=A3=ACPL/SQL=20
      =B4=E6=B4=A2=B9=FD=B3=CC=BF=C9=D2=D4=D3=C9 Pro*C =BB=F2 Oracle =
Call Interface =B5=C8=B6=E0=D6=D6 Oracle =
=BF=CD=BB=A7=B6=CB=B5=F7=D3=C3=A3=AC=D2=B2=BF=C9=D2=D4=D3=C9 Oracle =
Reports=20
      =BC=B0 Oracle Forms =B5=F7=D3=C3=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">139</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">PL/SQL =
enables you=20
      to mix SQL statements with procedural constructs. With PL/SQL, you =
can=20
      define and run PL/SQL program units such as procedures, functions, =
and=20
      packages. PL/SQL program units generally are categorized as =
anonymous=20
      blocks and stored procedures.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=D2=D4=D4=DA PL/SQL =
=D6=D0=BD=E1=BA=CF=CA=B9=D3=C3 SQL=20
      =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=BC=B0=B9=FD=B3=CC=BF=D8=D6=C6=D3=EF=BE=E4=A1=A3=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=
=C9=D2=D4=B6=A8=D2=E5=B2=A2=D4=CB=D0=D0=B9=FD=B3=CC=A3=AC=BA=AF=CA=FD=A3=AC=
=BC=B0=B0=FC=B5=C8 PL/SQL =B3=CC=D0=F2=B5=A5=D4=AA[program =
unit]=A1=A3PL/SQL=20
      =
=B3=CC=D0=F2=B5=A5=D4=AA=D2=BB=B0=E3=BF=C9=B7=D6=CE=AA=C1=BD=C0=E0=A3=BA=C4=
=E4=C3=FB=BF=E9[anonymous block]=D3=EB=B4=E6=B4=A2=B9=FD=B3=CC[stored =
procedure]=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">140</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">An =
anonymous block=20
      is a PL/SQL block that appears in your application and is not =
named or=20
      stored in the database. In many applications, PL/SQL blocks can =
appear=20
      wherever SQL statements can appear.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%"><B>=C4=E4=C3=FB=BF=E9</B>=CA=C7=D2=BB=D6=D6=C7=B6=C8=EB=B5=BD=
=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=D6=D0=B5=C4 PL/SQL=20
      =
=B3=CC=D0=F2=B5=A5=D4=AA=A3=AC=C3=BB=D3=D0=C3=FC=C3=FB=C7=D2=B2=BB=B4=E6=B4=
=A2=D4=DA=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=D6=D0=A1=A3=D4=DA=B4=F3=B6=E0=CA=FD=D3=A6=D3=C3=
=B3=CC=D0=F2=D6=D0=A3=AC=C4=DC=CA=B9=D3=C3 SQL =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=B5=C4=CE=BB=D6=C3=BE=CD=BF=C9=D2=D4=CA=B9=D3=C3=C4=E4=C3=FB=BF=
=E9=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">141</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">A =
stored procedure=20
      is a PL/SQL block that Oracle stores in the database and can be =
called by=20
      name from an application. When you create a stored procedure, =
Oracle=20
      parses the procedure and stores its parsed representation in the =
database.=20
      Oracle also lets you create and store functions (which are similar =
to=20
      procedures) and packages (which are groups of procedures and=20
      functions).<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%"><B>=B4=E6=B4=A2=B9=FD=B3=CC</B>=CA=C7=D2=BB=D6=D6=B4=E6=B4=A2=
=D3=DA Oracle=20
      =
=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=C4=DA=C7=D2=BF=C9=D2=D4=D3=C9=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=B8=
=F9=BE=DD=C6=E4=C3=FB=B3=C6=BD=F8=D0=D0=B5=F7=D3=C3=B5=C4 PL/SQL =
=B3=CC=D0=F2=B5=A5=D4=AA=A1=A3=B5=B1=D3=C3=BB=A7=B4=B4=BD=A8=B4=E6=B4=A2=B9=
=FD=B3=CC=CA=B1=A3=ACOracle=20
      =
=B6=D4=B9=FD=B3=CC=BD=F8=D0=D0=BD=E2=CE=F6=B2=A2=BD=AB=BD=E2=CE=F6=BA=F3=B5=
=C4=BD=E1=B9=FB=B4=E6=B4=A2=B5=BD=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=D6=D0=A1=A3=D3=C3=BB=A7=
=BB=B9=BF=C9=D2=D4=B4=B4=BD=A8=B4=E6=B4=A2=BA=AF=CA=FD[store=20
      =
function]=A3=A8=D3=EB=B9=FD=B3=CC=C0=E0=CB=C6=A3=A9=BC=B0=B0=FC[package]=A3=
=A8=D2=BB=D7=E9=CF=E0=B9=D8=B5=C4=B9=FD=B3=CC=BC=B0=BA=AF=CA=FD=A3=A9=A1=A3=
<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">142</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>
        <P><B>See Also:</B></P>
        <UL>
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">"<A=20
          =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#e.24.2.2"=20
          target=3D_self>Overview of Java</A>"=20
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Chapter 22, "<A=20
          =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/22.Triggers.htm">Triggers</A>"=20
          </LI></UL></BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>
        <P><B>=C1=ED=BC=FB=A3=BA</B></P>
        <UL>
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">=A1=B0<A=20
          =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#c.24.2.2"=20
          target=3D_self>Java =B8=C5=CA=F6</A>=A1=B1=20
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">=B5=DA 22 =
=D5=C2=A3=AC=A1=B0<A=20
          =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/22.Triggers.htm">=B4=A5=B7=A2=C6=F7</A>=A1=B1=20
          </LI></UL></BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">143</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3De.24.2.1.1></A>How PL/SQL Runs</H3></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3Dc.24.2.1.1></A>24.2.1.1 PL/SQL =
=CA=C7=C8=E7=BA=CE=D4=CB=D0=D0=B5=C4</H3></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">144</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">PL/SQL =
can run with=20
      either interpreted execution or native execution.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">PL/SQL =
=B5=C4=D6=B4=D0=D0=B7=BD=CA=BD=B0=FC=C0=A8=BD=E2=CA=CD=D6=B4=D0=D0[interp=
reted=20
      execution]=D3=EB=B1=BE=B5=D8=D6=B4=D0=D0[native =
execution]=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">145</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3De.24.2.1.1.1></A>Interpreted Execution</H4></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3Dc.24.2.1.1.1></A>24.2.1.1.1 =
=BD=E2=CA=CD=D6=B4=D0=D0</H4></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">146</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">In =
versions earlier=20
      than Oracle9i, PL/SQL source code was always compiled into a =
so-called=20
      bytecode representation, which is run by a portable virtual =
computer=20
      implemented as part of the Oracle database server, and also in =
products=20
      such as Oracle Forms. Starting with Oracle9i, you can choose =
between=20
      native execution and interpreted execution.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">=D4=DA Oracle9i =
=D6=AE=C7=B0=B5=C4=B0=E6=B1=BE=D6=D0=A3=ACPL/SQL=20
      =
=D4=B4=B4=FA=C2=EB=D6=BB=C4=DC=B1=BB=B1=E0=D2=EB=CE=AA=D7=D6=BD=DA=C2=EB[=
bytecode]=A3=AC=B4=CB=D6=D6=B4=FA=C2=EB=D3=C9 Oracle =
=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B7=FE=CE=F1=C6=F7=CC=E1=B9=A9=B5=C4=BF=C9=D2=C6=D6=B2=D0=
=E9=C4=E2=BB=FA=D4=CB=D0=D0=A3=AC=D2=B2=BF=C9=D2=D4=D3=C9 Oracle Forms=20
      =B5=C8=B2=FA=C6=B7=D6=B4=D0=D0=A1=A3=B4=D3 Oracle9i =
=BF=AA=CA=BC=A3=AC=D3=C3=BB=A7=D3=A6=BF=C9=D2=D4=D1=A1=D4=F1=BD=E2=CA=CD=D6=
=B4=D0=D0=BB=F2=B1=BE=B5=D8=D6=B4=D0=D0=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">147</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3De.24.2.1.1.2></A>Native Execution</H4></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3Dc.24.2.1.1.2></A>24.2.1.1.2 =
=B1=BE=B5=D8=D6=B4=D0=D0</H4></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">148</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">For =
best performance=20
      on computationally intensive program units, compile the source =
code of=20
      PL/SQL program units stored in the database directly to object =
code for=20
      the given platform. <SPAN style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: =
#ffff00">(This object=20
      code is linked into the Oracle database =
server.)</SPAN><BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=CE=AA=C1=CB=CA=B9=B0=FC=BA=AC=B4=F3=C1=BF=BC=C6=CB=E3=B9=A4=
=D7=F7=B5=C4=B3=CC=D0=F2=BB=F1=B5=C3=D7=EE=BC=D1=B5=C4=D0=D4=C4=DC=A3=AC=BF=
=C9=D2=D4=BD=AB=B4=E6=B4=A2=D3=DA=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=C4=DA=B5=C4=20
      PL/SQL =
=B3=CC=D0=F2=B5=A5=D4=AA=B5=C4=D4=B4=B4=FA=C2=EB=D6=B1=BD=D3=B1=E0=D2=EB=CE=
=AA=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=CB=F9=D4=DA=C6=BD=CC=A8=B5=C4=C4=BF=B1=EA=C2=EB[obj=
ect =
code]=A1=A3=A3=A8=C4=BF=B1=EA=C2=EB=BD=AB=B1=BB=C1=B4=BD=D3[link]=B5=BD =
Oracle=20
      =CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B7=FE=CE=F1=C6=F7=A1=A3=A3=A9</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">149</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>See Also:</B><BR><BR><A=20
        =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/appdev.102/b142=
61/toc.htm">Oracle=20
        Database PL/SQL User's Guide and Reference</A></BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>=C1=ED=BC=FB=A3=BA</B><BR><BR><A=20
        =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/appdev.102/b142=
61/toc.htm">Oracle=20
        Database PL/SQL User's Guide and =
Reference</A></BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">150</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">The =
<B>PL/SQL=20
      engine</B> is the tool you use to define, compile, and run PL/SQL =
program=20
      units. This engine is a special component of many Oracle products, =

      including the Oracle database server.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%"><B>PL/SQL =
=D2=FD=C7=E6</B>[PL/SQL=20
      =
engine]=CA=C7=D3=C3=BB=A7=B6=A8=D2=E5=A3=AC=B1=E0=D2=EB=A3=AC=BC=B0=D4=CB=
=D0=D0 PL/SQL =
=B3=CC=D0=F2=B5=A5=D4=AA=B5=C4=B9=A4=BE=DF=A1=A3=D0=ED=B6=E0 Oracle =
=B2=FA=C6=B7=D6=D0=B6=BC=B0=FC=BA=AC=B4=CB=D7=E9=BC=FE=A3=AC=C0=FD=C8=E7 =
Oracle=20
      =CA=FD=BE=DD=B7=FE=CE=F1=C6=F7=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">151</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">While =
many Oracle=20
      products have PL/SQL components, this section specifically covers =
the=20
      program units that can be stored in an Oracle database and =
processed using=20
      the Oracle database server PL/SQL engine. The PL/SQL capabilities =
of each=20
      Oracle tool are described in the appropriate tool's =
documentation.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">=CB=E4=C8=BB=D0=ED=B6=E0 =
Oracle =B2=FA=C6=B7=D6=D0=B6=BC=B0=FC=BA=AC PL/SQL=20
      =
=D7=E9=BC=FE=A3=AC=B5=AB=B1=BE=BD=DA=D6=F7=D2=AA=BD=B2=CA=F6=BF=C9=D2=D4=B4=
=E6=B4=A2=D3=DA Oracle =CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=C7=D2=BF=C9=D2=D4=D3=C9 Oracle =
=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B7=FE=CE=F1=C6=F7 PL/SQL =
=D2=FD=C7=E6=B4=A6=C0=ED=B5=C4 PL/SQL =
=B3=CC=D0=F2=B5=A5=D4=AA=A1=A3=B8=F7=D6=D6=20
      Oracle =B9=A4=BE=DF=B5=C4 PL/SQL =
=B9=A6=C4=DC=BD=AB=D4=DA=CF=E0=D3=A6=B5=C4=B9=A4=BE=DF=CE=C4=B5=B5=D6=D0=BD=
=E9=C9=DC=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">152</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%"><A=20
      =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#e.f.24.2"=20
      target=3D_self>Figure 24-2</A> illustrates the PL/SQL engine =
contained in=20
      Oracle database server.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%"><A=20
      =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#c.f.24.2"=20
      target=3D_self>=CD=BC 24-2</A> =CF=D4=CA=BE=C1=CB Oracle =
=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B7=FE=CE=F1=C6=F7=B0=FC=BA=AC=B5=C4 PL/SQL =
=D2=FD=C7=E6=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">153</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%"><I><B><FONT=20
      size=3D2><A name=3De.f.24.2></A>Figure 24-2 The PL/SQL Engine and =
the Oracle=20
      Database Server<BR>=A1=A1</FONT></B></I></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%"><I><B><FONT size=3D2><A=20
      name=3Dc.f.24.2></A>=CD=BC 24-2 PL/SQL =D2=FD=C7=E6=D3=EB Oracle=20
=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B7=FE=CE=F1=C6=F7<BR>=A1=A1</FONT></B></I></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">154</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <P align=3Dcenter><A=20
      =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/img=
/e.cncpt070.gif"><IMG=20
      height=3D384=20
      =
src=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/img/=
e.cncpt070.gif"=20
      width=3D460 border=3D0></A><BR>=A1=A1</P></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <P align=3Dcenter><A=20
      =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/img=
/c.cncpt070.gif"><IMG=20
      height=3D384=20
      =
src=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/img/=
c.cncpt070.gif"=20
      width=3D460 border=3D0></A></P></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">155</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><FONT size=3D2>Figure 24-2 shows applications sending=20
        procedure calls to the Oracle Database. The PL/SQL procedure is =
run in=20
        the SGA, which sends it to the PL/SQL engine. The PL/SQL engine =
sends=20
        SQL to the SQL statement executor.</FONT></BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><FONT size=3D2>=CD=BC 24-2 =
=CF=D4=CA=BE=C1=CB=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=CF=F2 Oracle =
=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B7=A2=CB=CD=C1=CB=D2=BB=B8=F6=B9=FD=B3=CC=B5=F7=D3=C3=A1=
=A3PL/SQL =B9=FD=B3=CC=D4=DA=20
        SGA =D6=D0=D4=CB=D0=D0=A3=ACSGA =
=BD=AB=B9=FD=B3=CC=B7=A2=CB=CD=B8=F8 PL/SQL =
=D2=FD=C7=E6=A3=AC=B6=F8=D2=FD=C7=E6=D4=F2=BD=AB SQL =B7=A2=CB=CD=B8=F8 =
SQL=20
    =D3=EF=BE=E4=D6=B4=D0=D0=C6=F7=A1=A3</FONT></BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">156</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">The =
program unit is=20
      stored in a database. When an application calls a procedure stored =
in the=20
      database, Oracle loads the compiled program unit into the shared =
pool in=20
      the system global area (SGA). The PL/SQL and SQL statement =
executors work=20
      together to process the statements within the =
procedure.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">PL/SQL=20
      =
=B3=CC=D0=F2=B5=A5=D4=AA=B4=E6=B4=A2=D3=DA=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=D6=D0=A1=A3=B5=
=B1=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=B5=F7=D3=C3=B4=E6=B4=A2=D3=DA=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=
=C4=DA=B5=C4=B4=E6=B4=A2=B9=FD=B3=CC=CA=B1=A3=ACOracle =
=BD=AB=BE=AD=B9=FD=B1=E0=D2=EB=B5=C4=B3=CC=D0=F2=B5=A5=D4=AA=BC=D3=D4=D8=B5=
=BD=CE=BB=D3=DA=CF=B5=CD=B3=C8=AB=BE=D6=C7=F8[system global=20
      area=A3=ACSGA]=B5=C4=B9=B2=CF=ED=B3=D8[shared =
pool]=C4=DA=A1=A3PL/SQL =D3=EF=BE=E4=D6=B4=D0=D0=C6=F7[PL/SQL statement =
executor]=BA=CD SQL=20
      =D3=EF=BE=E4=D6=B4=D0=D0=C6=F7[SQL statement =
executor]=D0=AD=CD=AC=B9=A4=D7=F7=A3=AC=B9=B2=CD=AC=B4=A6=C0=ED=B3=CC=D0=F2=
=B5=A5=D4=AA=C4=DA=B5=C4=CB=F9=D3=D0=D3=EF=BE=E4=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR=
>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">157</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">The =
following Oracle=20
      products contain a PL/SQL engine:
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Oracle database server=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Oracle Forms (version 3 and =
later)=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><SPAN=20
        style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">SQL*Menu (version 5 and =
later)</SPAN>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Oracle Reports (version 2 and =
later)=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Oracle Graphics (version 2 and =
later)=20
        </LI></UL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">=D2=D4=CF=C2 Oracle =
=B2=FA=C6=B7=BE=F9=B0=FC=BA=AC PL/SQL =D2=FD=C7=E6=A3=BA
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Oracle =
=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B7=FE=CE=F1=C6=F7=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Oracle Forms=A3=A83 =
=BC=B0=D6=AE=BA=F3=B5=C4=B0=E6=B1=BE=A3=A9=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">SQL*Menu=A3=A85 =
=BC=B0=D6=AE=BA=F3=B5=C4=B0=E6=B1=BE=A3=A9=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Oracle Reports=A3=A82 =
=BC=B0=D6=AE=BA=F3=B5=C4=B0=E6=B1=BE=A3=A9=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Oracle Graphics=A3=A82 =
=BC=B0=D6=AE=BA=F3=B5=C4=B0=E6=B1=BE=A3=A9 </LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">158</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">You =
can call a=20
      stored procedure from another PL/SQL block, which can be either an =

      anonymous block or another stored procedure. For example, you can =
call a=20
      stored procedure from Oracle Forms (version 3 or =
later).<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=D2=D4=D4=DA PL/SQL =
=BF=E9=D6=D0=B5=F7=D3=C3=B4=E6=B4=A2=B9=FD=B3=CC=A3=AC=B4=CB=B4=A6=B5=C4 =
PL/SQL=20
      =BF=E9=BF=C9=D2=D4=CA=C7=C4=E4=C3=FB=BF=E9[anonymous =
block]=D2=B2=BF=C9=D2=D4=CA=C7=C6=E4=CB=FB=B4=E6=B4=A2=B9=FD=B3=CC=A1=A3=C0=
=FD=C8=E7=A3=AC=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=D2=D4=D4=DA Oracle Forms=A3=A83=20
      =
=BC=B0=D6=AE=BA=F3=B5=C4=B0=E6=B1=BE=A3=A9=D6=D0=B5=F7=D3=C3=B4=E6=B4=A2=B9=
=FD=B3=CC=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">159</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Also, =
you can pass=20
      anonymous blocks to Oracle from applications developed with these =
tools:
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Oracle precompilers<SPAN=20
        style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00"> (including user =
exits)</SPAN>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Oracle Call Interfaces (OCIs)=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">SQL*Plus=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Oracle Enterprise Manager =
</LI></UL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D3=C3=BB=A7=BB=B9=BF=C9=D2=D4=D4=DA=CA=B9=D3=C3=D2=D4=CF=C2=
=B9=A4=BE=DF=BF=AA=B7=A2=B5=C4=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=D6=D0=BD=AB=C4=E4=C3=
=FB=BF=E9=B4=AB=B5=DD=B8=F8 Oracle=A3=BA
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Oracle =
=D4=A4=B1=E0=D2=EB=C6=F7[precompilers]<SPAN=20
        style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: =
#ffff00">=A3=A8=B0=FC=C0=A8=D3=C3=BB=A7=B3=F6=BF=DA=A3=A9</SPAN>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Oracle Call =
Interfaces=A3=A8OCI=A3=A9=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">SQL*Plus=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Oracle =
=C6=F3=D2=B5=B9=DC=C0=ED=C6=F7[Oracle Enterprise Manager]=20
        </LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">160</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3De.24.2.1.2></A>Language Constructs for =
PL/SQL</H3></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3Dc.24.2.1.2></A>24.2.1.2 PL/SQL =
=D3=EF=D1=D4=B9=B9=BC=FE</H3></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">161</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">PL/SQL =
blocks can=20
      include the following PL/SQL language constructs:
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Variables and constants=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Cursors=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Exceptions </LI></UL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">PL/SQL =
=BF=E9=D6=D0=BF=C9=D2=D4=B0=FC=BA=AC=D2=D4=CF=C2 PL/SQL =
=D3=EF=D1=D4=B9=B9=BC=FE=A3=BA
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=B1=E4=C1=BF[variable]=D3=EB=B3=A3=C1=BF[constant]=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">=D3=CE=B1=EA[cursor]=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">=D2=EC=B3=A3[exception] =
</LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">162</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">This =
section gives a=20
      general description of each construct.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=B1=BE=BD=DA=BD=AB=BC=F2=D2=AA=B5=D8=C3=E8=CA=F6=B8=F7=D6=D6=
=D3=EF=D1=D4=B9=B9=BC=FE=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">163</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>See Also:</B><BR><BR><A=20
        =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/appdev.102/b142=
61/toc.htm">Oracle=20
        Database PL/SQL User's Guide and Reference</A></BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>=C1=ED=BC=FB=A3=BA</B><BR><BR><A=20
        =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/appdev.102/b142=
61/toc.htm">Oracle=20
        Database PL/SQL User's Guide and =
Reference</A></BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">164</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3De.24.2.1.2.1></A>Variables and Constants</H4></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3Dc.24.2.1.2.1></A>24.2.1.2.1 =
=B1=E4=C1=BF=D3=EB=B3=A3=C1=BF</H4></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">165</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Variables and=20
      constants can be declared within a procedure, function, or =
package. A=20
      variable or constant can be used in a SQL or PL/SQL statement to =
capture=20
      or provide a value when one is needed.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D4=DA=B9=FD=B3=CC=A3=AC=BA=AF=CA=FD=A3=AC=BC=B0=B0=FC=D6=D0=
=BE=F9=BF=C9=C9=F9=C3=F7=B1=E4=C1=BF=D3=EB=B3=A3=C1=BF=A1=A3=B1=E4=C1=BF=D3=
=EB=B3=A3=C1=BF=BF=C9=D2=D4=D4=DA SQL =D3=EF=BE=E4=BB=F2=20
      PL/SQL =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=D6=D0=CA=B9=D3=C3=A3=AC=D3=C3=D3=DA=B4=E6=B4=A2=A3=A8=B6=C1=C8=
=A1=BB=F2=D0=B4=C8=EB=A3=A9=CA=FD=BE=DD=D6=B5=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">166</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Some =
interactive=20
      tools, such as SQL*Plus, let you define variables in your current =
session.=20
      You can use such variables just as you would variables declared =
within=20
      procedures or packages.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">=D4=DA SQL*Plus=20
      =
=B5=C8=BD=BB=BB=A5=CA=BD=B5=C4=B9=A4=BE=DF=D6=D0=A3=AC=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=D2=
=D4=D4=DA=B5=B1=C7=B0=BB=E1=BB=B0=C4=DA=B6=A8=D2=E5=B1=E4=C1=BF=A1=A3=B4=CB=
=D6=D6=B1=E4=C1=BF=B5=C4=CA=B9=D3=C3=B7=BD=CA=BD=D3=EB=B9=FD=B3=CC=BB=F2=B0=
=FC=D6=D0=B5=C4=B1=E4=C1=BF=CF=E0=CD=AC=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">167</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3De.24.2.1.2.2></A>Cursors</H4></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3Dc.24.2.1.2.2></A>24.2.1.2.2 =
=D3=CE=B1=EA</H4></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">168</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%"><B>Cursors</B> can=20
      be declared explicitly within a procedure, function, or package to =

      facilitate record-oriented processing of Oracle data. Cursors also =
can be=20
      declared implicitly (to support other data manipulation actions) =
by the=20
      PL/SQL engine.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%"><B>=D3=CE=B1=EA</B>[cursor]=BF=C9=D2=D4=D4=DA=B9=FD=B3=CC=A3=
=AC=BA=AF=CA=FD=A3=AC=BC=B0=B0=FC=C4=DA=CF=D4=CA=BD=B5=D8=C9=F9=C3=F7=A3=AC=
=CA=B5=CF=D6=D2=D4=BC=C7=C2=BC=CE=AA=B5=A5=CE=BB=B4=A6=C0=ED Oracle =
=CA=FD=BE=DD=A1=A3=D3=CE=B1=EA=D2=B2=BF=C9=D2=D4=D3=C9=20
      PL/SQL =
=D2=FD=C7=E6=D2=FE=CA=BD=B5=D8=C9=F9=C3=F7=A3=A8=D3=C3=D3=DA=D6=A7=B3=D6=C6=
=E4=CB=FB=C0=E0=D0=CD=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=B2=D9=D7=F7=B9=A4=D7=F7=A3=A9=A1=A3=
</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">169</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>See Also:</B><BR><BR>"<A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#e.24.1.2.1"=20
        target=3D_self>Scrollable Cursors</A>"</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>=C1=ED=BC=FB=A3=BA</B><BR><BR>=A1=B0<A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#c.24.1.2.1"=20
        =
target=3D_self>=BF=C9=B9=F6=B6=AF=D3=CE=B1=EA</A>=A1=B1</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>=
</TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">170</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3De.24.2.1.2.3></A>Exceptions</H4></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3Dc.24.2.1.2.3></A>24.2.1.2.3 =
=D2=EC=B3=A3</H4></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">171</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">PL/SQL =
lets you=20
      explicitly handle internal and user-defined error conditions, =
called=20
      <B>exceptions</B>, that arise during processing of PL/SQL code. =
Internal=20
      exceptions are caused by illegal operations, such as division by =
zero, or=20
      Oracle errors returned to the PL/SQL code. User-defined exceptions =
are=20
      explicitly defined and signaled within the PL/SQL block to control =

      processing of errors specific to the application (for example, =
debiting an=20
      account and leaving a negative balance).<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=D2=D4=CF=D4=CA=BD=B5=D8=B4=A6=C0=ED =
PL/SQL =
=D6=D0=B3=F6=CF=D6=B5=C4=C4=DA=B2=BF=B4=ED=CE=F3=BC=B0=D3=C3=BB=A7=B6=A8=D2=
=E5=B4=ED=CE=F3=A3=AC=D4=DA=20
      PL/SQL =
=B4=FA=C2=EB=D6=B4=D0=D0=B9=FD=B3=CC=D6=D0=B7=A2=C9=FA=B4=ED=CE=F3=B5=C4=C7=
=E9=BF=F6=B1=BB=B3=C6=CE=AA<B>=D2=EC=B3=A3</B>[exception]=A1=A3=C4=DA=B2=BF=
=D2=EC=B3=A3[internal=20
      =
exception]=CA=C7=D3=C9=B7=C7=B7=A8=B2=D9=D7=F7=D4=EC=B3=C9=B5=C4=A3=AC=C0=
=FD=C8=E7=D4=CB=CB=E3=B3=FD=CA=FD=CE=AA=C1=E3=A3=AC=BB=F2 PL/SQL =
=B4=FA=C2=EB=B7=B5=BB=D8=C1=CB Oracle =
=B4=ED=CE=F3=A1=A3=D3=C3=BB=A7=B6=A8=D2=E5=D2=EC=B3=A3[user-defined=20
      exception]=CA=C7=D3=C3=BB=A7=D4=DA PL/SQL=20
      =
=B4=FA=C2=EB=C4=DA=CF=D4=CA=BD=B6=A8=D2=E5=B2=A2=CF=D4=CA=BD=C5=D7=B3=F6=B5=
=C4=A3=AC=D3=C3=D3=DA=B4=A6=C0=ED=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=D6=D0=BF=C9=C4=DC=
=B7=A2=C9=FA=B5=C4=CC=D8=B6=A8=B4=ED=CE=F3=A3=A8=C0=FD=C8=E7=A3=AC=B6=D4=D2=
=BB=B8=F6=D5=CB=BB=A7=D7=F6=BD=E8=B7=BD=B2=D9=D7=F7=BA=F3=D5=CB=BB=A7=D3=E0=
=B6=EE=B1=E4=CE=AA=B8=BA=D6=B5=A3=A9=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">172</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">When =
an exception is=20
      raised, the execution of the PL/SQL code stops, and a routine =
called an=20
      exception handler is invoked. Specific exception handlers can be =
written=20
      for any internal or user-defined exception.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=B5=B1=B7=A2=C9=FA=D2=EC=B3=A3=CA=B1=A3=ACPL/SQL=20
      =
=B4=FA=C2=EB=B5=C4=D6=B4=D0=D0=BD=AB=B1=BB=CD=A3=D6=B9=A3=AC=CD=AC=CA=B1=D2=
=FD=B7=A2=D2=EC=B3=A3=B4=A6=C0=ED=B9=FD=B3=CC=A1=A3=BF=AA=B7=A2=D5=DF=BF=C9=
=D2=D4=CE=AA=B2=BB=CD=AC=B5=C4=C4=DA=B2=BF=D2=EC=B3=A3=BC=B0=D3=C3=BB=A7=B6=
=A8=D2=E5=D2=EC=B3=A3=B1=E0=D0=B4=CF=E0=D3=A6=B5=C4=D2=EC=B3=A3=B4=A6=C0=ED=
=B9=FD=B3=CC=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">173</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3De.24.2.1.2.4></A>Dynamic SQL in PL/SQL</H4></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3Dc.24.2.1.2.4></A>24.2.1.2.4 PL/SQL =
=D6=D0=B5=C4=B6=AF=CC=AC SQL</H4></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">174</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">PL/SQL =
can run=20
      <B>dynamic SQL</B> statements whose complete text is not known =
until=20
      runtime. Dynamic SQL statements are stored in character strings =
that are=20
      entered into, or built by, the program at runtime. This enables =
you to=20
      create general purpose procedures. For example, dynamic SQL lets =
you=20
      create a procedure that operates on a table whose name is not =
known until=20
      runtime.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">PL/SQL =
=D6=D0=BF=C9=D2=D4=D4=CB=D0=D0<B>=B6=AF=CC=AC SQL</B>[dynamic=20
      SQL]=A3=AC=B6=AF=CC=AC SQL =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=B5=C4=CE=C4=B1=BE=CA=C7=D4=DA=D4=CB=D0=D0=CA=B1=B2=C5=B1=BB=CD=
=EA=C8=AB=C8=B7=B6=A8=B5=C4=A1=A3=B6=AF=CC=AC SQL=20
      =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=CD=A8=B3=A3=B4=E6=B4=A2=D4=DA=D7=D6=B7=FB=B4=AE=D6=D0=A3=AC=B4=
=CB=D7=D6=B7=FB=B4=AE=CA=C7=D4=DA=B3=CC=D0=F2=D4=CB=D0=D0=CA=B1=B1=BB=CA=E4=
=C8=EB=BB=F2=B9=B9=BD=A8=B5=C4=A1=A3=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=D2=D4=CA=B9=D3=C3=B6=
=AF=CC=AC SQL=20
      =
=BF=AA=B7=A2=CD=A8=D3=C3=B9=FD=B3=CC=A1=A3=C0=FD=C8=E7=A3=AC=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=
=C9=D2=D4=B4=B4=BD=A8=B9=FD=B3=CC=D5=EB=B6=D4=CA=FD=BE=DD=B1=ED=BD=F8=D0=D0=
=C4=B3=D6=D6=B2=D9=D7=F7=A3=AC=B6=F8=CA=FD=BE=DD=B1=ED=B5=C4=C3=FB=B3=C6=BF=
=C9=D2=D4=D4=DA=D4=CB=D0=D0=CA=B1=B2=C5=CC=E1=B9=A9=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD><=
/TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">175</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">You =
can write stored=20
      procedures and anonymous PL/SQL blocks that include dynamic SQL in =
two=20
      ways:
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">By embedding dynamic SQL =
statements in=20
        the PL/SQL block=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">By using the <FONT=20
        color=3D#0000ff>DBMS_SQL</FONT> package </LI></UL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D3=C3=BB=A7=D4=DA=B4=E6=B4=A2=B9=FD=B3=CC=BC=B0=C4=E4=C3=FB=
 PL/SQL =BF=E9=D6=D0=BE=F9=BF=C9=CA=B9=D3=C3=B6=AF=CC=AC=20
      =
SQL=A3=AC=C7=D2=CA=B9=D3=C3=CA=B1=BF=C9=D2=D4=B2=C9=D3=C3=C1=BD=D6=D6=B7=BD=
=CA=BD=A3=BA
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">=BD=AB=B6=AF=CC=AC SQL =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=C7=B6=C8=EB=B5=BD PL/SQL =B3=CC=D0=F2=BF=E9=D6=D0=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">=CA=B9=D3=C3 <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>DBMS_SQL</FONT> =B0=FC=20
        </LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">176</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Additionally, you=20
      can issue DML or DDL statements using dynamic SQL. This helps =
solve the=20
      problem of not being able to statically embed DDL statements in =
PL/SQL.=20
      For example, you can choose to issue a <FONT color=3D#0000ff>DROP=20
      TABLE</FONT> statement from within a stored procedure by using the =
<FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>EXECUTE IMMEDIATE</FONT> statement or the <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>PARSE</FONT> procedure supplied with the <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>DBMS_SQL</FONT> package.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=D2=D4=CA=B9=D3=C3=B6=AF=CC=AC SQL =
=CC=E1=BD=BB DML =BB=F2 DDL =D3=EF=BE=E4=A1=A3=D4=DA=20
      PL/SQL =D6=D0=CE=DE=B7=A8=C7=B6=C8=EB=BE=B2=CC=AC DDL =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=A3=AC=B6=AF=CC=AC =
SQL=CE=AA=B4=CB=CE=CA=CC=E2=CC=E1=B9=A9=C1=CB=D2=BB=B8=F6=BD=E2=BE=F6=B7=BD=
=B7=A8=A1=A3=C0=FD=C8=E7=A3=AC=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=D2=D4=D4=DA=B4=E6=B4=A2=B9=
=FD=B3=CC=D6=D0=CA=B9=D3=C3 <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>EXECUTE IMMEDIATE</FONT> =D3=EF=BE=E4=BB=F2 <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>DBMS_SQL</FONT> =B0=FC=CC=E1=B9=A9=B5=C4 <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>PARSE</FONT> =B7=BD=B7=A8=CC=E1=BD=BB=20
      <FONT color=3D#0000ff>DROP TABLE</FONT> =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">177</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>
        <P><B>See Also:</B></P>
        <UL>
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/appdev.102/b142=
51/toc.htm">Oracle=20
          Database Application Developer's Guide - Fundamentals</A> for =
a=20
          comparison of the two approaches to dynamic SQL=20
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/appdev.102/b142=
61/toc.htm">Oracle=20
          Database PL/SQL User's Guide and Reference</A> for details =
about=20
          dynamic SQL=20
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/appdev.102/b142=
58/toc.htm">Oracle=20
          Database PL/SQL Packages and Types Reference</A>=20
</LI></UL></BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>
        <P><B>=C1=ED=BC=FB=A3=BA</B></P>
        <UL>
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/appdev.102/b142=
51/toc.htm">Oracle=20
          Database Application Developer's Guide - Fundamentals</A> =
=B2=E9=D1=AF=C1=BD=D6=D6=B6=AF=CC=AC SQL=20
          =D6=B4=D0=D0=B7=BD=CA=BD=B5=C4=B1=C8=BD=CF=20
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/appdev.102/b142=
61/toc.htm">Oracle=20
          Database PL/SQL User's Guide and Reference</A> =
=C1=CB=BD=E2=B9=D8=D3=DA=B6=AF=CC=AC SQL =B5=C4=CF=EA=CF=B8=D0=C5=CF=A2=20
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/appdev.102/b142=
58/toc.htm">Oracle=20
          Database PL/SQL Packages and Types Reference</A>=20
  </LI></UL></BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">178</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3De.24.2.1.3></A>PL/SQL Program Units</H3></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3Dc.24.2.1.3></A>24.2.1.3 PL/SQL =
=B3=CC=D0=F2=B5=A5=D4=AA</H3></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">179</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle =
lets you=20
      access and manipulate database information using procedural schema =
objects=20
      called <B>PL/SQL program units</B>. Procedures, functions, and =
packages=20
      are all examples of PL/SQL program units.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle =
=CC=E1=B9=A9=C1=CB=B1=BB=B3=C6=CE=AA <B>PL/SQL=20
      =B3=CC=D0=F2=B5=A5=D4=AA</B>[PL/SQL program =
units]=B5=C4=B9=FD=B3=CC=D0=CD=B7=BD=B0=B8=B6=D4=CF=F3[procedural schema =

      =
object]=A3=AC=D3=C3=D3=DA=B7=C3=CE=CA=BC=B0=B2=D9=D7=F7=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=
=D0=C5=CF=A2=A1=A3=B9=FD=B3=CC=A3=AC=BA=AF=CA=FD=A3=AC=BC=B0=B0=FC=B6=BC=CA=
=F4=D3=DA PL/SQL =B3=CC=D0=F2=B5=A5=D4=AA=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">180</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3De.24.2.1.4></A>Stored Procedures and =
Functions</H3></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3Dc.24.2.1.4></A>24.2.1.4 =
=B4=E6=B4=A2=B9=FD=B3=CC=D3=EB=B4=E6=B4=A2=BA=AF=CA=FD</H3></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">181</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">A =
<B>procedure</B>=20
      or <B>function</B> is a schema object that consists of a set of =
SQL=20
      statements and other PL/SQL constructs, grouped together, stored =
in the=20
      database, and run as a unit to solve a specific problem or perform =
a set=20
      of related tasks. Procedures and functions permit the caller to =
provide=20
      parameters that can be input only, output only, or input and =
output=20
      values. Procedures and functions let you combine the ease and =
flexibility=20
      of SQL with the procedural functionality of a structured =
programming=20
      language.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%"><B>=B9=FD=B3=CC</B>[procedure]=BC=B0<B>=BA=AF=CA=FD</B>[fun=
ction]=D5=E2=C1=BD=D6=D6=B7=BD=B0=B8=B6=D4=CF=F3=BE=F9=D3=C9 SQL =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=BC=B0=20
      PL/SQL=20
      =
=D3=EF=D1=D4=B9=B9=BC=FE=D7=E9=BA=CF=B6=F8=B3=C9=A3=AC=B4=E6=B4=A2=D3=DA=CA=
=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=D6=D0=A3=AC=D4=CB=D0=D0=CA=B1=D7=F7=CE=AA=D2=BB=B8=F6=D5=FB=
=CC=E5=A3=AC=D3=C3=D3=DA=BD=E2=BE=F6=C4=B3=B8=F6=CE=CA=CC=E2=A3=AC=BB=F2=CD=
=EA=B3=C9=D2=BB=D7=E9=CF=E0=B9=D8=B5=C4=B2=D9=D7=F7=A1=A3=B5=F7=D3=C3=D5=DF=
=BF=C9=D2=D4=D4=DA=B5=F7=D3=C3=B9=FD=B3=CC=BC=B0=BA=AF=CA=FD=CA=B1=CE=AA=C6=
=E4=CC=E1=B9=A9=B2=CE=CA=FD=A3=AC=B2=CE=CA=FD=BF=C9=D2=D4=D7=A8=D3=C3=D3=DA=
=CA=E4=C8=EB=D6=B5=A3=AC=D7=A8=D3=C3=D3=DA=CA=E4=B3=F6=D6=B5=A3=AC=BB=F2=CD=
=AC=CA=B1=D3=C3=D3=DA=CA=E4=C8=EB=BC=B0=CA=E4=B3=F6=D6=B5=A1=A3=D4=DA=B9=FD=
=B3=CC=D3=EB=BA=AF=CA=FD=D6=D0=A3=AC=D3=C3=BB=A7=BC=C8=BF=C9=D2=D4=B7=A2=BB=
=D3=20
      SQL =
=B5=C4=C1=E9=BB=EE=D0=D4=D3=EB=D2=D7=D3=C3=D0=D4=A3=AC=D2=B2=C4=DC=B9=BB=B7=
=A2=BB=D3=BD=E1=B9=B9=BB=AF=B1=E0=B3=C9=D3=EF=D1=D4=B5=C4=B9=FD=B3=CC=BF=D8=
=D6=C6=C4=DC=C1=A6=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">182</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Procedures and=20
      functions are identical except that functions always return a =
single value=20
      to the caller, while procedures do not. For simplicity, =
<B>procedure</B>=20
      as used in the remainder of this chapter means <B>procedure</B> or =

      <B>function</B>.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=B9=FD=B3=CC=D3=EB=BA=AF=CA=FD=BB=F9=B1=BE=C0=E0=CB=C6=A3=AC=
=CE=A8=D2=BB=C7=F8=B1=F0=D4=DA=D3=DA=BA=AF=CA=FD=D7=DC=BB=E1=CF=F2=B5=F7=D3=
=C3=D5=DF=B7=B5=BB=D8=D2=BB=B8=F6=D6=B5=A3=AC=B6=F8=B9=FD=B3=CC=CE=DE=B4=CB=
=CC=D8=D0=D4=A1=A3=B1=BE=D5=C2=D2=D4=BA=F3=B5=C4=C4=DA=C8=DD=BD=AB<B>=B9=FD=
=B3=CC</B>=D3=EB<B>=BA=AF=CA=FD</B>=CD=B3=D2=BB=BC=F2=B3=C6=CE=AA<B>=B9=FD=
=B3=CC</B>=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">183</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">You =
can run a=20
      procedure or function interactively by:
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Using an Oracle tool, such as =
SQL*Plus=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Calling it explicitly in the =
code of a=20
        database application, such as an Oracle Forms or precompiler =
application=20

        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Calling it explicitly in the =
code of=20
        another procedure or trigger </LI></UL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=D2=D4=B2=C9=D3=C3=D2=D4=CF=C2=B7=BD=CA=BD=
=BD=BB=BB=A5=CA=BD=B5=D8=D4=CB=D0=D0=B9=FD=B3=CC=BB=F2=BA=AF=CA=FD=A3=BA
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">=CA=B9=D3=C3 SQL*Plus =B5=C8 =
Oracle =B9=A4=BE=DF=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=D4=DA=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=B4=FA=C2=EB=D6=D0=CF=
=D4=CA=BD=B5=D8=B5=F7=D3=C3=A3=AC=C0=FD=C8=E7=D4=DA Oracle Forms=20
        =
=BB=F2=C6=E4=CB=FB=D4=A4=B1=E0=D2=EB=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=D6=D0[precom=
piler application]=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=D4=DA=C6=E4=CB=FB=B9=FD=B3=CC=BB=F2=B4=A5=B7=A2=C6=F7=B5=C4=B4=FA=C2=
=EB=D6=D0=CF=D4=CA=BD=B5=D8=B5=F7=D3=C3 </LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">184</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>
        <P><B>See Also:</B></P>
        <UL>
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/appdev.102/b144=
07/toc.htm">Pro*C/C++=20
          Programmer's Guide</A> for information about how to call =
stored C or=20
          C++ procedures=20
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/appdev.102/a961=
09/toc.htm">Pro*COBOL=20
          Programmer's Guide</A> for information about how to call =
stored COBOL=20
          procedures=20
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Other programmer's guides =
for=20
          information about how to call stored procedures of specific =
kinds of=20
          application </LI></UL></BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>
        <P><B>=C1=ED=BC=FB=A3=BA</B></P>
        <UL>
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/appdev.102/b144=
07/toc.htm">Pro*C/C++=20
          Programmer's Guide</A> =C1=CB=BD=E2=C8=E7=BA=CE=B5=F7=D3=C3 C =
=B4=E6=B4=A2=B9=FD=B3=CC=BB=F2 C++ =B4=E6=B4=A2=B9=FD=B3=CC=20
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/appdev.102/a961=
09/toc.htm">Pro*COBOL=20
          Programmer's Guide</A> =C1=CB=BD=E2=C8=E7=BA=CE=B5=F7=D3=C3 =
COBOL =B4=E6=B4=A2=B9=FD=B3=CC=20
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=CF=E0=D3=A6=B5=C4=B3=CC=D0=F2=D4=B1=D6=B8=C4=CF=C1=CB=BD=E2=C8=E7=BA=
=CE=B5=F7=D3=C3=B8=F7=D6=D6=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=B5=C4=B4=E6=B4=A2=B9=FD=
=B3=CC=20
      </LI></UL></BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">185</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%"><A=20
      =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#e.f.24.3"=20
      target=3D_self>Figure 24-3</A> illustrates a simple procedure that =
is stored=20
      in the database and called by several different database=20
    applications.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%"><A=20
      =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#c.f.24.3"=20
      target=3D_self>=CD=BC 24-3</A> =
=CF=D4=CA=BE=C1=CB=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=D6=D0=B5=C4=D2=BB=B8=F6=BC=F2=B5=A5=B4=
=E6=B4=A2=B9=FD=B3=CC=A3=AC=B1=BB=B2=BB=CD=AC=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=D3=A6=
=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=B5=F7=D3=C3=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">186</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%"><I><B><FONT=20
      size=3D2><A name=3De.f.24.3></A>Figure 24-3 Stored=20
      Procedure<BR>=A1=A1</FONT></B></I></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%"><I><B><FONT size=3D2><A=20
      name=3Dc.f.24.3></A>=CD=BC 24-3 =
=B4=E6=B4=A2=B9=FD=B3=CC<BR>=A1=A1</FONT></B></I></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">187</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <P align=3Dcenter><A=20
      =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/img=
/e.cncpt073.gif"><IMG=20
      height=3D444=20
      =
src=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/img/=
e.cncpt073.gif"=20
      width=3D460 border=3D0></A><BR>=A1=A1</P></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <P align=3Dcenter><A=20
      =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/img=
/c.cncpt073.gif"><IMG=20
      height=3D444=20
      =
src=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/img/=
c.cncpt073.gif"=20
      width=3D460 border=3D0></A></P></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">188</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><FONT size=3D2>Figure 24-3 is described in the text =
preceding=20
        the image.</FONT></BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><FONT size=3D2>=CD=BC 24-3 =
=BD=AB=D4=DA=CF=C2=CE=C4=D6=D0=C3=E8=CA=F6=A1=A3</FONT></BLOCKQUOTE></TD>=
</TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">189</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">The =
following stored=20
      procedure example inserts an employee record into the <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>employees</FONT> table:<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D2=D4=CF=C2=B4=E6=B4=A2=B9=FD=B3=CC=CA=BE=C0=FD=CF=F2 =
<FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>employees</FONT> =
=B1=ED=B2=E5=C8=EB=D2=BB=CC=F5=D4=B1=B9=A4=D0=C5=CF=A2=A3=BA<BR>=A1=A1</T=
D></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">190</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>Procedure hire_employees (last_name VARCHAR2, job_id=20
        VARCHAR2, manager_id NUMBER, hire_date DATE, salary NUMBER,=20
        commission_pct NUMBER, department_id=20
        NUMBER)<BR><BR>BEGIN<BR>.<BR>.<BR>INSERT INTO employees VALUES=20
        (emp_sequence.NEXTVAL, last_name, job_id, manager_id, hire_date, =
salary,=20
        commission_pct, =
department_id);<BR>.<BR>.<BR>END</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>Procedure hire_employees (last_name VARCHAR2, job_id=20
        VARCHAR2, manager_id NUMBER, hire_date DATE, salary NUMBER,=20
        commission_pct NUMBER, department_id=20
        NUMBER)<BR><BR>BEGIN<BR>.<BR>.<BR>INSERT INTO employees VALUES=20
        (emp_sequence.NEXTVAL, last_name, job_id, manager_id, hire_date, =
salary,=20
        commission_pct, =
department_id);<BR>.<BR>.<BR>END</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">191</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">All of =
the database=20
      applications in this example call the <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>hire_employees</FONT> procedure. Alternatively, a =
privileged=20
      user can use Oracle Enterprise Manager or SQL*Plus to run the =
<FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>hire_employees</FONT> procedure using the =
following=20
      statement:<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=B4=CB=C0=FD=D6=D0=B5=C4=CB=F9=D3=D0=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=D3=A6=
=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=BE=F9=B5=F7=D3=C3 <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>hire_employees</FONT> =
=B9=FD=B3=CC=A1=A3=CA=DA=C8=A8=D3=C3=BB=A7=D2=B2=BF=C9=D2=D4=D4=DA =
Oracle =C6=F3=D2=B5=B9=DC=C0=ED=C6=F7[Enterprise=20
      Manager] =BB=F2 SQL*Plus =
=D6=D0=CA=B9=D3=C3=D2=D4=CF=C2=D3=EF=BE=E4=D4=CB=D0=D0 <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>hire_employees</FONT>=20
      =B9=FD=B3=CC=A3=BA<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">192</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>EXECUTE hire_employees ('TSMITH', 'CLERK', 1037, =
SYSDATE,=20
        500, NULL, 20); </BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>EXECUTE hire_employees ('TSMITH', 'CLERK', 1037, =
SYSDATE,=20
        500, NULL, 20); </BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">193</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">This =
statement=20
      places a new employee record for <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>TSMITH</FONT> in the=20
      <FONT color=3D#0000ff>employees</FONT> table<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">=B4=CB=D3=EF=BE=E4=D4=DA =
<FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>employees</FONT> =B1=ED=D6=D0=CE=AA <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>TSMITH</FONT>=20
      =B2=E5=C8=EB=D2=BB=CC=F5=BC=C7=C2=BC=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">194</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>See Also:</B><BR><BR><A=20
        =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/appdev.102/b142=
61/toc.htm">Oracle=20
        Database PL/SQL User's Guide and Reference</A></BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>=C1=ED=BC=FB=A3=BA</B><BR><BR><A=20
        =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/appdev.102/b142=
61/toc.htm">Oracle=20
        Database PL/SQL User's Guide and =
Reference</A></BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">195</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3De.24.2.1.4.1></A>Benefits of Procedures</H4></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3Dc.24.2.1.4.1></A>24.2.1.4.1 =
=B4=E6=B4=A2=B9=FD=B3=CC=B5=C4=D3=C5=CA=C6</H4></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">196</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Stored =
procedures=20
      provide advantages in the following areas:
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Security with definer's rights =

        procedures<BR><BR>Stored procedures can help enforce data =
security. You=20
        can restrict the database operations that users can perform by =
allowing=20
        them to access data only through procedures and functions that =
run with=20
        the definer's privileges.<BR><BR>For example, you can grant =
users access=20
        to a procedure that updates a table but not grant them access to =
the=20
        table itself. When a user invokes the procedure, the procedure =
runs with=20
        the privileges of the procedure's owner. Users who have only the =

        privilege to run the procedure (but not the privileges to query, =
update,=20
        or delete from the underlying tables) can invoke the procedure, =
but they=20
        cannot manipulate table data in any other way. </LI></UL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=B4=E6=B4=A2=B9=FD=B3=CC=D4=DA=D2=D4=CF=C2=B7=BD=C3=E6=BE=DF=
=D3=D0=D3=C5=CA=C6=A3=BA
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=C0=FB=D3=C3=B6=A8=D2=E5=D5=DF=C8=A8=CF=DE=B9=FD=B3=CC[definer's =
rights=20
        =
procedure]=C8=B7=B1=A3=CA=FD=BE=DD=B0=B2=C8=AB<BR><BR>=CA=B9=D3=C3=B4=E6=B4=
=A2=B9=FD=B3=CC=D3=D0=D6=FA=D3=DA=C8=B7=B1=A3=CA=FD=BE=DD=B0=B2=C8=AB=A1=A3=
=BE=DF=B1=B8=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B6=D4=CF=F3=B7=C3=CE=CA=C8=A8=CF=DE=B5=C4=D3=
=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=D2=D4=B6=A8=D2=E5=B4=E6=B4=A2=B9=FD=B3=CC=BB=F2=BA=AF=CA=FD=
=A3=AC=C6=E4=CB=FB=D3=C3=BB=A7=CD=A8=B9=FD=D2=D1=B6=A8=D2=E5=B5=C4=B9=FD=B3=
=CC=B7=C3=CE=CA=CA=FD=BE=DD=A3=AC=B4=D3=B6=F8=B4=EF=B5=BD=CF=DE=D6=C6=D3=C3=
=BB=A7=B6=D4=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B2=D9=D7=F7=B5=C4=C4=BF=B5=C4=A1=A3<BR><BR=
>=C0=FD=C8=E7=A3=AC=CF=D6=D3=D0=D2=BB=B8=F6=B9=FD=B3=CC=C4=DC=B9=BB=B8=FC=
=D0=C2=C4=B3=CA=FD=BE=DD=B1=ED=A3=AC=B9=DC=C0=ED=D4=B1=B2=BB=B1=D8=CA=DA=D3=
=E8=D3=C3=BB=A7=D6=B1=BD=D3=B7=C3=CE=CA=CA=FD=BE=DD=B1=ED=B5=C4=C8=A8=CF=DE=
=A3=AC=B6=F8=CA=C7=CA=DA=D3=E8=D3=C3=BB=A7=B7=C3=CE=CA=B4=CB=B9=FD=B3=CC=B5=
=C4=C8=A8=CF=DE=A1=A3=B5=B1=D3=C3=BB=A7=B5=F7=D3=C3=B4=CB=B9=FD=B3=CC=CA=B1=
=A3=AC=B9=FD=B3=CC=D2=D4=C6=E4=D3=B5=D3=D0=D5=DF=B5=C4=C8=A8=CF=DE=D4=CB=D0=
=D0=A1=A3=BE=DF=B1=B8=D6=B4=D0=D0=B4=CB=B9=FD=B3=CC=C8=A8=CF=DE=A3=A8=B5=AB=
=B2=BB=BE=DF=B1=B8=B2=E9=D1=AF=A3=AC=B8=FC=D0=C2=A3=AC=BC=B0=C9=BE=B3=FD=B5=
=D7=B2=E3=B1=ED=CA=FD=BE=DD=C8=A8=CF=DE=A3=A9=B5=C4=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=D2=D4=
=B5=F7=D3=C3=B9=FD=B3=CC=B6=D4=B1=ED=BD=F8=D0=D0=B2=D9=D7=F7=A3=AC=B5=AB=B2=
=BB=C4=DC=D2=D4=C6=E4=CB=FB=B7=BD=CA=BD=B2=D9=D7=F7=B1=ED=CA=FD=BE=DD=A1=A3=
=20
        </LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">197</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>
        <BLOCKQUOTE><B>See Also:</B><BR><BR>"<A=20
          =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#e.24.2.1.4.5"=20
          target=3D_self>Dependency Tracking for Stored=20
      Procedures</A>"</BLOCKQUOTE></BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>=C1=ED=BC=FB=A3=BA</B><BR><BR>=A1=B0<A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#c.24.2.1.4.5"=20
        =
target=3D_self>=B4=E6=B4=A2=B9=FD=B3=CC=B5=C4=D2=C0=C0=B5=D0=D4=B8=FA=D7=D9=
</A>=A1=B1</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">198</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><SPAN=20
        style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">Inherited privileges and =
schema=20
        context with invoker's rights procedures</SPAN><BR><BR>An =
invoker's=20
        rights procedure inherits privileges and schema context from the =

        procedure that calls it. In other words, an invoker's rights =
procedure=20
        is not tied to a particular user or schema, and each invocation =
of an=20
        invoker's rights procedure operates in the current user's schema =
with=20
        the current user's privileges. Invoker's rights procedures make =
it easy=20
        for application developers to centralize application logic, even =
when=20
        the underlying data is divided among user schemas.<BR><BR>For =
example, a=20
        user who runs an update procedure on the <FONT=20
        color=3D#0000ff>employees</FONT> table as a manager can update =
salary,=20
        whereas a user who runs the same procedure as a clerk can be =
restricted=20
        to updating address data.=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Improved performance<BR>
        <UL><BR>
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">The amount of information =
that must be=20
          sent over a network is small compared with issuing individual =
SQL=20
          statements or sending the text of an entire PL/SQL block to =
Oracle,=20
          because the information is sent only once and thereafter =
invoked when=20
          it is used.<BR>
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">A procedure's compiled form =
is readily=20
          available in the database, so no compilation is required at =
execution=20
          time.<BR>
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">If the procedure is already =
present in=20
          the shared pool of the system global area (SGA), then =
retrieval from=20
          disk is not required, and execution can begin immediately. =
</LI></UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Memory =
allocation<BR><BR>Because stored=20
        procedures take advantage the shared memory capabilities of =
Oracle, only=20
        a single copy of the procedure needs to be loaded into memory =
for=20
        execution by multiple users. Sharing the same code among many =
users=20
        results in a substantial reduction in Oracle memory requirements =
for=20
        applications.=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Improved =
productivity<BR><BR>Stored=20
        procedures increase development productivity. By designing =
applications=20
        around a common set of procedures, you can avoid redundant =
coding and=20
        increase your productivity.<BR><BR>For example, procedures can =
be=20
        written to insert, update, or delete employee records from the =
<FONT=20
        color=3D#0000ff>employees</FONT> table. These procedures can =
then be=20
        called by any application without rewriting the SQL statements =
necessary=20
        to accomplish these tasks. If the methods of data management =
change,=20
        only the procedures need to be modified, not all of the =
applications=20
        that use the procedures.=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Integrity<BR><BR>Stored =
procedures=20
        improve the integrity and consistency of your applications. =
<SPAN=20
        style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">By developing all of your =
applications=20
        around a common group of procedures, you can reduce the =
likelihood of=20
        committing coding errors.</SPAN><BR><BR>For example, you can =
test a=20
        procedure or function to guarantee that it returns an accurate =
result=20
        and, once it is verified, reuse it in any number of applications =
without=20
        testing it again. If the data structures referenced by the =
procedure are=20
        altered in any way, then only the procedure needs to be =
recompiled.=20
        Applications that call the procedure do not necessarily require =
any=20
        modifications. </LI></UL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=CD=A8=B9=FD=B5=F7=D3=C3=D5=DF=C8=A8=CF=DE=B9=FD=B3=CC[invoker's =
rights=20
        =
procedure]=CA=B9=D3=C3=B5=F7=D3=C3=D5=DF=B5=C4=C8=A8=CF=DE=BC=B0=B7=BD=B0=
=B8=C9=CF=CF=C2=CE=C4<BR><BR>=B5=F7=D3=C3=D5=DF=C8=A8=CF=DE=B9=FD=B3=CC=BF=
=C9=D2=D4=BC=CC=B3=D0=C6=E4=B5=F7=D3=C3=D5=DF=B5=C4=C8=A8=CF=DE=BC=B0=B7=BD=
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        =
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        <UL><BR>
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">=D3=EB=CF=F2 Oracle =
=CC=E1=BD=BB SQL =D3=EF=BE=E4=BB=F2 PL/SQL=20
          =
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        <LI=20
        style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=CC=E1=B8=DF=BF=AA=B7=A2=C9=FA=B2=FA=C2=CA<BR><BR>=C0=FB=D3=C3=B4=E6=
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        =
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        =
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        </LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">199</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3De.24.2.1.4.2></A>Procedure Guidelines</H4></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3Dc.24.2.1.4.2></A>24.2.1.4.2 =
=B9=FD=B3=CC=BF=AA=B7=A2=D6=B8=C4=CF</H4></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">200</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Use =
the following=20
      guidelines when designing stored procedures:
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Define procedures to complete =
a single,=20
        focused task. Do not define long procedures with several =
distinct=20
        subtasks, because subtasks common to many procedures can be =
duplicated=20
        unnecessarily in the code of several procedures.=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Do not define procedures that =
duplicate=20
        the functionality already provided by other features of Oracle. =
For=20
        example, do not define procedures to enforce simple data =
integrity rules=20
        that you could easily enforce using declarative integrity =
constraints.=20
        </LI></UL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D2=D4=CF=C2=CA=C7=C9=E8=BC=C6=B4=E6=B4=A2=B9=FD=B3=CC=CA=B1=
=D0=E8=D2=AA=D7=F1=D1=AD=B5=C4=D4=AD=D4=F2=A3=BA
      <UL>
        <LI=20
        style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=D4=DA=D2=BB=B8=F6=B4=E6=B4=A2=B9=FD=B3=CC=D6=D0=D3=A6=B8=C3=D6=BB=CA=
=B5=CF=D6=D2=BB=B8=F6=B5=A5=D2=BB=B5=C4=C8=CE=CE=F1=A1=A3=B2=BB=D2=AA=B6=A8=
=D2=E5=D6=B4=D0=D0=B6=E0=B8=F6=D7=D3=C8=CE=CE=F1=B5=C4=B4=F3=D0=CD=B4=E6=B4=
=A2=B9=FD=B3=CC=A3=AC=C8=E7=B9=FB=D4=DA=B6=E0=B8=F6=B9=FD=B3=CC=D6=D0=CA=B5=
=CF=D6=C1=CB=CF=E0=CD=AC=B5=C4=D7=D3=C8=CE=CE=F1=BD=AB=D4=EC=B3=C9=B2=BB=B1=
=D8=D2=AA=B5=C4=B4=FA=C2=EB=D6=D8=B8=B4=A1=A3=20

        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=B2=BB=D2=AA=B6=A8=D2=E5=B9=FD=B3=CC=C0=B4=CA=B5=CF=D6 Oracle=20
        =
=D2=D1=BE=AD=CC=E1=B9=A9=B5=C4=B9=A6=C4=DC=A1=A3=C0=FD=C8=E7=A3=AC=B2=BB=D2=
=AA=B6=A8=D2=E5=B9=FD=B3=CC=C0=B4=C7=BF=D6=C6=CA=B5=CF=D6=BC=F2=B5=A5=B5=C4=
=CA=FD=BE=DD=CD=EA=D5=FB=D0=D4=B9=E6=D4=F2=A3=AC=B4=CB=C0=E0=B9=A6=C4=DC=D6=
=BB=D0=E8=D2=AA=C9=F9=C3=F7=CA=FD=BE=DD=CD=EA=D5=FB=D0=D4=D4=BC=CA=F8=BC=B4=
=BF=C9=CA=B5=CF=D6=A1=A3 </LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">201</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3De.24.2.1.4.3></A>Anonymous PL/SQL Blocks Compared =
with Stored=20
      Procedures</H4></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3Dc.24.2.1.4.3></A>24.2.1.4.3 =C4=E4=C3=FB PL/SQL =
=BF=E9=D3=EB=B4=E6=B4=A2=B9=FD=B3=CC=B5=C4=B1=C8=BD=CF</H4></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">202</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">A =
stored procedure=20
      is created and stored in the database as a schema object. Once =
created and=20
      compiled, it is a named object that can be run without =
recompiling.=20
      Additionally, dependency information is stored in the data =
dictionary to=20
      guarantee the validity of each stored procedure.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=B4=E6=B4=A2=B9=FD=B3=CC=D4=DA=B4=B4=BD=A8=BA=F3=D7=F7=CE=AA=
=B7=BD=B0=B8=B6=D4=CF=F3=B4=E6=B4=A2=D4=DA=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=D6=D0=A1=A3=D2=
=BB=B5=A9=B4=E6=B4=A2=B9=FD=B3=CC=B1=BB=B4=B4=BD=A8=B2=A2=B1=E0=D2=EB=BA=F3=
=A3=AC=BE=CD=B3=C9=CE=AA=D2=BB=B8=F6=C3=FC=C3=FB=B5=C4=B6=D4=CF=F3=A3=AC=BF=
=C9=D2=D4=D6=D8=B8=B4=D6=B4=D0=D0=B6=F8=CE=DE=D0=E8=D4=D9=B4=CE=B1=E0=D2=EB=
=A1=A3=B4=CB=CD=E2=A3=AC=D3=EB=B4=E6=B4=A2=B9=FD=B3=CC=CF=E0=B9=D8=B5=C4=D2=
=C0=C0=B5=D0=D4=D0=C5=CF=A2=D2=B2=BD=AB=B1=BB=B1=A3=B4=E6=D4=DA=CA=FD=BE=DD=
=D7=D6=B5=E4=D6=D0=A3=AC=D2=D4=C8=B7=B1=A3=20
      =B9=FD=B3=CC=B5=C4=D3=D0=D0=A7=D0=D4=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">203</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">As an =
alternative to=20
      a stored procedure, you can create an anonymous PL/SQL block by =
sending an=20
      unnamed PL/SQL block to the Oracle database server from an Oracle =
tool or=20
      an application. Oracle compiles the PL/SQL block and places the =
compiled=20
      version in the shared pool of the SGA, but it does not store the =
source=20
      code or compiled version in the database for reuse beyond the =
current=20
      instance. Shared SQL allows anonymous PL/SQL blocks in the shared =
pool to=20
      be reused and shared until they are flushed out of the shared=20
pool.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=B3=FD=B4=E6=B4=A2=B9=FD=B3=CC=D6=AE=CD=E2=A3=AC=D3=C3=BB=A7=
=BB=B9=BF=C9=D2=D4=CD=A8=B9=FD Oracle =
=B9=A4=BE=DF=BB=F2=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=CF=F2=20
      Oracle =
=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B7=FE=CE=F1=C6=F7=B7=A2=CB=CD=CE=DE=C3=FC=C3=FB=B5=C4 =
PL/SQL =BF=E9=C0=B4=B4=B4=BD=A8=C4=E4=C3=FB PL/SQL =BF=E9=A1=A3Oracle =
=BD=AB=B1=E0=D2=EB PL/SQL =
=BF=E9=A3=AC=B2=A2=BD=AB=B1=E0=D2=EB=BD=E1=B9=FB=B4=E6=B4=A2=D4=DA=20
      SGA =B5=C4=B9=B2=CF=ED=B3=D8=C4=DA[shared =
pool]=A3=AC=B5=AB=C4=E4=C3=FB PL/SQL =
=BF=E9=B2=BB=BB=E1=D2=D4=B1=E0=D2=EB=BA=F3=B5=C4=D0=CE=CA=BD=B4=E6=B4=A2=D3=
=DA=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=C4=DA=A3=AC=B5=B1=CA=B5=C0=FD=B9=D8=B1=D5=BA=F3=D4=F2=
=CE=DE=B7=A8=D6=D8=D3=C3=A1=A3=C0=FB=D3=C3 Oracle=20
      =B5=C4=B9=B2=CF=ED SQL =BC=BC=CA=F5[Shared =
SQL]=A3=AC=B9=B2=CF=ED=B3=D8=C4=DA=B5=C4=C4=E4=C3=FB PL/SQL =
=BF=E9=D4=DA=B1=BB=C7=E5=B3=FD=B3=F6=B9=B2=CF=ED=B3=D8=D6=AE=C7=B0=BF=C9=D2=
=D4=B1=BB=D6=D8=D3=C3=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">204</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">In =
either case,=20
      moving PL/SQL blocks out of a database application and into =
database=20
      procedures stored either in the database or in memory, you avoid=20
      unnecessary procedure recompilations by Oracle at runtime, =
improving the=20
      overall performance of the application and Oracle.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=BD=AB=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=D6=D0=B5=C4=
 PL/SQL=20
      =
=BF=E9=B8=C4=D0=B4=CE=AA=B4=E6=B4=A2=B9=FD=B3=CC=A3=AC=B4=E6=B4=A2=B5=BD=CA=
=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=BB=F2=C4=DA=B4=E6=D6=D0=A3=AC=BF=C9=D2=D4=B1=DC=C3=E2=B9=FD=
=B3=CC=D4=CB=D0=D0=CA=B1 Oracle =
=BD=F8=D0=D0=B2=BB=B1=D8=D2=AA=B5=C4=D6=D8=B8=B4=B1=E0=D2=EB=B9=A4=D7=F7=A3=
=AC=B4=D3=B6=F8=CC=E1=C9=FD=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=BC=B0 Oracle=20
      =B5=C4=D5=FB=CC=E5=D0=D4=C4=DC=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">205</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3De.24.2.1.4.4></A>Standalone Procedures</H4></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3Dc.24.2.1.4.4></A>24.2.1.4.4 =
=B6=C0=C1=A2=B4=E6=B4=A2=B9=FD=B3=CC</H4></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">206</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Stored =
procedures=20
      not defined within the context of a package are called =
<B>standalone=20
      procedures</B>. Procedures defined within a package are considered =
a part=20
      of the package.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=C3=BB=D3=D0=D4=DA=B0=FC[package]=D6=D0=B6=A8=D2=E5=B5=C4=B4=
=E6=B4=A2=B9=FD=B3=CC=B1=BB=B3=C6=CE=AA<B>=B6=C0=C1=A2=B4=E6=B4=A2=B9=FD=B3=
=CC</B>[standalone=20
      =
procedure]=A1=A3=B6=F8=D4=DA=B0=FC=C4=DA=B6=A8=D2=E5=B5=C4=B9=FD=B3=CC=B1=
=BB=BF=B4=D7=F7=B0=FC=B5=C4=D2=BB=B2=BF=B7=D6=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">207</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>See Also:</B><BR><BR>"<A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#e.24.2.1.5"=20
        target=3D_self>PL/SQL Packages</A>" for information about the =
advantages=20
        of packages</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>=C1=ED=BC=FB=A3=BA</B><BR><BR>=A1=B0<A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#c.24.2.1.5"=20
        target=3D_self>PL/SQL =
=B0=FC</A>=A1=B1=C1=CB=BD=E2=CA=B9=D3=C3=B0=FC=D3=D0=C4=C4=D0=A9=D3=C5=CA=
=C6</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">208</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3De.24.2.1.4.5></A>Dependency Tracking for Stored=20
    Procedures</H4></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3Dc.24.2.1.4.5></A>24.2.1.4.5 =
=B4=E6=B4=A2=B9=FD=B3=CC=B5=C4=D2=C0=C0=B5=D0=D4=B8=FA=D7=D9</H4></TD></T=
R>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">209</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">A =
stored procedure=20
      depends on the objects referenced in its body. Oracle =
automatically tracks=20
      and manages such dependencies. For example, if you alter the =
definition of=20
      a table referenced by a procedure, then the procedure must be =
recompiled=20
      to validate that it will still work as designed. Usually, Oracle=20
      automatically administers such dependency =
management.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=B4=E6=B4=A2=B9=FD=B3=CC=D2=C0=C0=B5=C6=E4=B6=A8=D2=E5=D6=D0=
=CB=F9=D2=FD=D3=C3=B5=C4=B6=D4=CF=F3=A1=A3Oracle=20
      =
=C4=DC=B9=BB=D7=D4=B6=AF=B5=D8=B8=FA=D7=D9=BC=B0=B9=DC=C0=ED=CF=E0=B9=D8=B5=
=C4=D2=C0=C0=B5=D0=D4=A1=A3=C0=FD=C8=E7=A3=AC=D3=C3=BB=A7=D0=DE=B8=C4=C1=CB=
=B9=FD=B3=CC=CB=F9=D2=FD=D3=C3=B5=C4=B1=ED=B5=C4=B6=A8=D2=E5=A3=AC=B9=FD=B3=
=CC=B1=D8=D0=EB=B1=BB=D6=D8=D0=C2=B1=E0=D2=EB=D2=D4=D1=E9=D6=A4=C6=E4=CA=C7=
=B7=F1=C4=DC=D5=FD=B3=A3=B9=A4=D7=F7=A1=A3=CD=A8=B3=A3=A3=ACOracle=20
      =
=C4=DC=B9=BB=D7=D4=B6=AF=B5=D8=B6=D4=D2=C0=C0=B5=D0=D4=CE=CA=CC=E2=BD=F8=D0=
=D0=B9=DC=C0=ED=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">210</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>See Also:</B><BR><BR>Chapter 6, "<A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/06.Dependencies%20Among%20Schema%20Objects.htm">Dependencies=
=20
        Among Schema Objects</A>" for more information about dependency=20
      tracking</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>=C1=ED=BC=FB=A3=BA</B><BR><BR>=B5=DA 6 =
=D5=C2=A3=AC=A1=B0<A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/06.Dependencies%20Among%20Schema%20Objects.htm">=B7=BD=B0=B8=
=B6=D4=CF=F3=BC=E4=B5=C4=D2=C0=C0=B5=B9=D8=CF=B5</A>=A1=B1=20
        =
=C1=CB=BD=E2=B9=D8=D3=DA=D2=C0=C0=B5=D0=D4=B8=FA=D7=D9=B5=C4=B8=FC=B6=E0=D0=
=C5=CF=A2</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">211</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3De.24.2.1.4.6></A>External Procedures</H4></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3Dc.24.2.1.4.6></A>24.2.1.4.6 =
=CD=E2=B2=BF=B9=FD=B3=CC</H4></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">212</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">A =
PL/SQL procedure=20
      executing on an Oracle database server can call an external =
procedure or=20
      function that is written in the C programming language and stored =
in a=20
      <SPAN style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">shared library</SPAN>. =
The C=20
      routine runs in a separate address space from that of the Oracle =
database=20
      server.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">=D4=DA Oracle =
=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B7=FE=CE=F1=C6=F7=C9=CF=D6=B4=D0=D0=B5=C4 PL/SQL =
=B9=FD=B3=CC=BF=C9=D2=D4=B5=F7=D3=C3=D2=D4 C=20
      =D3=EF=D1=D4=B1=E0=D0=B4=B5=C4=CD=E2=B2=BF=B9=FD=B3=CC[external =
procedure]=BB=F2=CD=E2=B2=BF=BA=AF=CA=FD[external =
function]=A3=AC=D5=E2=D0=A9=CD=E2=B2=BF=B9=FD=B3=CC=BC=B0=BA=AF=CA=FD=B4=E6=
=B4=A2=D3=DA<SPAN=20
      style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: =
#ffff00">=B9=B2=CF=ED=BF=E2</SPAN>[shared =
library]=D6=D0=A1=A3=CD=E2=B2=BF C =B3=CC=D0=F2=D3=EB=20
      Oracle =
=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B7=FE=CE=F1=C6=F7=D4=CB=D0=D0=D3=DA=B2=BB=CD=AC=B5=C4=B5=
=D8=D6=B7=BF=D5=BC=E4[address space]=D6=D0=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">213</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>See Also:</B><BR><BR><A=20
        =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/appdev.102/b142=
51/toc.htm">Oracle=20
        Database Application Developer's Guide - Fundamentals</A> for =
more=20
        information about external procedures</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>=C1=ED=BC=FB=A3=BA</B><BR><BR><A=20
        =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/appdev.102/b142=
51/toc.htm">Oracle=20
        Database Application Developer's Guide - Fundamentals</A>=20
      =
=C1=CB=BD=E2=B8=FC=B6=E0=B9=D8=D3=DA=CD=E2=B2=BF=B9=FD=B3=CC=B5=C4=D0=C5=CF=
=A2</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">214</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3De.24.2.1.4.7></A>Table Functions</H4></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3Dc.24.2.1.4.7></A>24.2.1.4.7 =
=B1=ED=BA=AF=CA=FD</H4></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">215</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%"><B>Table=20
      functions</B> are functions that can produce a set of rows as =
output. In=20
      other words, table functions return a collection type instance =
(nested=20
      table and <FONT color=3D#0000ff>VARRAY</FONT> datatypes). You can =
use a=20
      table function in place of a regular table in the <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>FROM</FONT> clause of a SQL =
statement.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%"><B>=B1=ED=BA=AF=CA=FD</B>[table=20
      =
function]=D6=B8=C4=DC=B9=BB=B2=FA=C9=FA=D2=BB=B8=F6=CA=FD=BE=DD=D0=D0=BC=AF=
=D7=F7=CE=AA=CA=E4=B3=F6=B5=C4=BA=AF=CA=FD=A1=A3=BC=B4=B1=ED=BA=AF=CA=FD=B7=
=B5=BB=D8=B5=C4=CA=C7=D2=BB=B8=F6=BC=AF=BA=CF=C0=E0=D0=CD=B5=C4=CA=B5=C0=FD=
[collection type=20
      instance]=A3=A8=C7=B6=CC=D7=B1=ED[nested table]=BB=F2 <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>VARRAY</FONT> =
=CA=FD=BE=DD=C0=E0=D0=CD=A3=A9=A1=A3=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=D2=D4=D4=DA=20
      SQL =D3=EF=BE=E4=B5=C4 <FONT color=3D#0000ff>FROM</FONT> =
=D7=D6=BE=E4=D6=D0=D2=D4=CA=B9=D3=C3=B3=A3=B9=E6=B1=ED=B5=C4=B7=BD=CA=BD=CA=
=B9=D3=C3=B1=ED=BA=AF=CA=FD =
=B5=C4=BD=E1=B9=FB=BC=AF=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">216</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle =
allows table=20
      functions to <B>pipeline</B> results (act like an Oracle =
rowsource) out of=20
      the functions. This can be achieved by either providing an =
implementation=20
      of the <FONT color=3D#0000ff>ODCITable</FONT> interface, or using =
native=20
      PL/SQL instructions.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=B1=ED=BA=AF=CA=FD=C4=DC=B9=BB=D2=D4<B>=B9=DC=B5=C0</B>[pip=
eline]=B5=C4=D0=CE=CA=BD=CA=E4=B3=F6=BD=E1=B9=FB=A3=A8=C8=E7=CD=AC=D2=BB=B8=
=F6 Oracle=20
      =
=CA=FD=BE=DD=D0=D0=CA=FD=BE=DD=D4=B4[rowsource]=A3=A9=A1=A3=B4=CB=CC=D8=D0=
=D4=BF=C9=D2=D4=CD=A8=B9=FD <FONT color=3D#0000ff>ODCITable</FONT>=20
      =
=BD=D3=BF=DA=CA=B5=CF=D6=A3=AC=D2=B2=BF=C9=D2=D4=CD=A8=B9=FD=B1=BE=B5=D8 =
PL/SQL =D6=B8=C1=EE[native PL/SQL =
instruction]=CA=B5=CF=D6=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">217</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Pipelining helps to=20
      improve the performance of a number of applications, such as =
Oracle=20
      Warehouse Builder (OWB) and cartridges groups.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=B9=DC=B5=C0=B7=BD=CA=BD=C4=DC=B9=BB=CC=E1=B8=DF Oracle =
Warehouse=20
      Builder=A3=A8OWB=A3=A9=BC=B0 cartridges groups =
=B5=C8=B6=E0=D6=D6=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=B5=C4=D0=D4=C4=DC=A1=A3<BR>=A1=
=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">218</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">The =
ETL=20
      (Extraction-Transformation-Load) process in data warehouse =
building=20
      extracts data from an OLTP system. The extracted data passes =
through a=20
      sequence of transformations (written in procedural languages, such =
as=20
      PL/SQL) before it is loaded into a data warehouse.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=CA=FD=BE=DD=B2=D6=BF=E2=BD=A8=C9=E8=B5=C4=20
      =
ETL=A3=A8Extraction-Transformation-Load=A3=AC=B3=E9=C8=A1-=D7=AA=BB=BB-=BC=
=D3=D4=D8=A3=A9=B9=FD=B3=CC=D0=E8=D2=AA=B4=D3 OLTP=20
      =
=CF=B5=CD=B3=D6=D0=B3=E9=C8=A1=CA=FD=BE=DD=A1=A3=B1=BB=B3=E9=C8=A1=B5=C4=CA=
=FD=BE=DD=D4=DA=BC=D3=D4=D8=B5=BD=CA=FD=BE=DD=B2=D6=BF=E2=C7=B0=D0=E8=D2=AA=
=BE=AD=B9=FD=D2=BB=CF=B5=C1=D0=B5=C4=D7=AA=BB=BB=A3=A8=D2=D4=B9=FD=B3=CC=D3=
=EF=D1=D4=CA=B5=CF=D6=A3=AC=C0=FD=C8=E7 =
PL/SQL=A3=A9=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">219</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle =
also allows=20
      parallel execution of table and non-table functions. Parallel =
execution=20
      provides the following extensions:
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Functions can directly accept =
a set of=20
        rows corresponding to a subquery operand.=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">A set of input rows can be =
partitioned=20
        among multiple instances of a parallel function. The function =
developer=20
        specifies how the input rows should be partitioned between =
parallel=20
        instances of the function. </LI></UL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle =
=D6=A7=B3=D6=B2=A2=D0=D0=D6=B4=D0=D0=B1=ED=BA=AF=CA=FD=BC=B0=B7=C7=B1=ED=BA=
=AF=CA=FD=A1=A3=B2=A2=D0=D0=D6=B4=D0=D0=BE=DF=D3=D0=D2=D4=CF=C2=CC=D8=B5=E3=
=A3=BA
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=BA=AF=CA=FD=BF=C9=D2=D4=D6=B1=BD=D3=CA=B9=D3=C3=D7=D3=B2=E9=D1=AF=B2=
=D9=D7=F7=B7=B5=BB=D8=B5=C4=BD=E1=B9=FB=BC=AF=A1=A3=20
        <LI=20
        style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=D2=BB=B8=F6=CA=E4=C8=EB=CA=FD=BE=DD=BC=AF=BA=CF=BF=C9=D2=D4=B1=BB=B7=
=D6=C5=E4=B5=BD=B6=E0=B8=F6=B2=A2=D0=D0=D4=CB=D0=D0=B5=C4=BA=AF=CA=FD=CA=B5=
=C0=FD=D6=D0=A1=A3=BF=AA=B7=A2=D5=DF=D4=DA=B1=E0=D0=B4=BA=AF=CA=FD=CA=B1=D0=
=E8=D2=AA=C9=E8=B6=A8=C8=E7=BA=CE=D4=DA=BA=AF=CA=FD=CA=B5=C0=FD=BC=E4=B7=D6=
=C5=E4=CA=E4=C8=EB=CA=FD=BE=DD=A1=A3=20
        </LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">220</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Thus, =
table=20
      functions are similar to views. However, instead of defining the =
transform=20
      declaratively in SQL, you define it procedurally in PL/SQL. This =
is=20
      especially valuable for the arbitrarily complex transformations =
typically=20
      required in ETL.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=B1=ED=BA=AF=CA=FD=B5=C4=D7=F7=D3=C3=D3=DA=CA=D3=CD=BC=C0=E0=
=CB=C6=A1=A3=B5=AB=CA=D3=CD=BC=CA=B9=D3=C3 SQL=20
      =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=B6=A8=D2=E5=CA=FD=BE=DD=D7=AA=BB=BB=A3=AC=B6=F8=B1=ED=BA=AF=CA=
=FD=D4=F2=CA=B9=D3=C3=B9=FD=B3=CC=BB=AF=B5=C4 =
PL/SQL=A1=A3=B4=CB=CC=D8=D0=D4=CA=CA=BA=CF=CA=B5=CF=D6=B8=B4=D4=D3=B5=C4=CA=
=FD=BE=DD=D7=AA=BB=BB=A3=AC=C0=FD=C8=E7=CD=EA=B3=C9 ETL =
=D6=D0=B5=C4=D7=AA=BB=BB=B9=A4=D7=F7=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">221</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>
        <P><B>See Also:</B></P>
        <UL>
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">"<A=20
          =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/16.Business%20Intelligence.htm#e.16.2">Overview=20
          of Extraction, Transformation, and Loading (ETL)</A>"=20
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/appdev.102/b142=
89/dcitblfns.htm#ADDCI012">Oracle=20
          Database Data Cartridge Developer's Guide</A>=20
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/appdev.102/b142=
61/toc.htm">Oracle=20
          Database PL/SQL User's Guide and Reference</A> =
</LI></UL></BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>
        <P><B>=C1=ED=BC=FB=A3=BA</B></P>
        <UL>
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">=A1=B0<A=20
          =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/16.Business%20Intelligence.htm#c.16.2">=B3=E9=C8=A1=A3=AC=D7=
=AA=BB=BB=A3=AC=BC=B0=BC=D3=D4=D8=A3=A8ETL=A3=A9=B8=C5=CA=F6</A>=A1=B1=20

          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/appdev.102/b142=
89/dcitblfns.htm#ADDCI012">Oracle=20
          Database Data Cartridge Developer's Guide</A>=20
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/appdev.102/b142=
61/toc.htm">Oracle=20
          Database PL/SQL User's Guide and Reference</A>=20
  </LI></UL></BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">222</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3De.24.2.1.5></A>PL/SQL Packages</H3></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3Dc.24.2.1.5></A>24.2.1.5 PL/SQL =B0=FC</H3></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">223</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">A =
<B>package</B> is=20
      a group of related procedures and functions, along with the =
cursors and=20
      variables they use, stored together in the database for continued =
use as a=20
      unit. Similar to standalone procedures and functions, packaged =
procedures=20
      and functions can be called explicitly by applications or =
users.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%"><B>=B0=FC</B>[package]=CA=C7=D3=C9=D2=BB=D7=E9=CF=E0=B9=D8=B5=
=C4=B9=FD=B3=CC=A3=AC=BA=AF=CA=FD=A3=AC=BC=B0=C6=E4=CA=B9=D3=C3=B5=C4=D3=CE=
=B1=EA=A3=AC=B1=E4=C1=BF=B5=C8=B9=B9=B3=C9=B5=C4=B3=CC=D0=F2=B5=A5=D4=AA=A3=
=AC=B4=E6=B4=A2=D3=DA=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=D6=D0=B9=A9=D3=C3=BB=A7=CA=B9=D3=C3=
=A1=A3=D3=EB=B6=C0=C1=A2=B5=C4=B9=FD=B3=CC=BC=B0=BA=AF=CA=FD=C0=E0=CB=C6=A3=
=AC=B0=FC=B9=FD=B3=CC=D3=EB=B0=FC=BA=AF=CA=FD=D2=B2=BF=C9=D2=D4=D3=C9=D3=A6=
=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=BC=B0=D3=C3=BB=A7=CF=D4=CA=BD=B5=D8=B5=F7=D3=C3=A1=A3<=
BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">224</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">Oracle supplies many PL/SQL =
packages=20
      with the Oracle database server to extend database functionality =
and=20
      provide PL/SQL access to SQL features.</SPAN> For example, the =
<FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>ULT_HTTP</FONT> supplied package enables HTTP =
callouts from=20
      PL/SQL and SQL to access data on the Internet or to call Oracle =
Web Server=20
      Cartridges. You can use the supplied packages when creating your=20
      applications or for ideas in creating your own stored =
procedures.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">Oracle =
=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B7=FE=CE=F1=C6=F7=CC=E1=B9=A9=C1=CB=B6=E0=B8=F6 =
PL/SQL=20
      =
=B0=FC=A3=AC=D3=C3=D3=DA=C0=A9=D5=B9=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B9=A6=C4=DC=A1=A3<=
/SPAN>=C0=FD=C8=E7=A3=AC=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=D2=D4=D4=DA PL/SQL =BC=B0 SQL =
=D6=D0=CA=B9=D3=C3 <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>ULT_HTTP</FONT> =B0=FC=B7=A2=CB=CD HTTP =
=C7=EB=C7=F3=B7=C3=CE=CA Internet =
=C9=CF=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=A3=AC=BB=F2=B5=F7=D3=C3 Oracle Web=20
      Server =
=C4=A3=BF=E9[cartridge]=A1=A3=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=AA=B7=A2=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=
=F2=CA=B1=A3=AC=BF=C9=D2=D4=D4=DA=D7=D4=B6=A8=D2=E5=B5=C4=B4=E6=B4=A2=B9=FD=
=B3=CC=D6=D0=CA=B9=D3=C3 Oracle =CC=E1=B9=A9=B5=C4 PL/SQL=20
  =B0=FC=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">225</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">You =
create a package=20
      in two parts: the specification and the body. The package=20
      <B>specification</B> declares all public constructs of the package =
and the=20
      <B>body</B> defines all constructs (public and private) of the =
package.=20
      This separation of the two parts provides the following =
advantages:
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">You have more flexibility in =
the=20
        development cycle. You can create specifications and reference =
public=20
        procedures without actually creating the package =
body.<BR><BR>You can=20
        alter procedure bodies contained within the package body =
separately from=20
        their publicly declared specifications in the package =
specification. As=20
        long as the procedure specification does not change, objects =
that=20
        reference the altered procedures of the package are never marked =

        invalid. That is, they are never marked as needing =
recompilation.=20
      </LI></UL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=B0=FC=D4=DA=B4=B4=BD=A8=CA=B1=B7=D6=CE=AA=C1=BD=B2=BF=B7=D6=
=A3=BA=B0=FC=B9=E6=B7=B6=D3=EB=B0=FC=CC=E5=A1=A3<B>=B0=FC=B9=E6=B7=B6</B>=
[package=20
      =
specification]=D3=C3=D3=DA=C9=F9=C3=F7=CB=F9=D3=D0=B9=AB=D3=D0=B3=CC=D0=F2=
=BD=E1=B9=B9=A3=AC=B6=F8=B0=FC=CC=E5=D4=F2=D3=C3=D3=DA=B6=D4=CB=F9=D3=D0=B3=
=CC=D0=F2=BD=E1=B9=B9=BD=F8=D0=D0=B6=A8=D2=E5=A3=A8=B0=FC=C0=A8=B9=AB=D3=D0=
=BC=B0=CB=BD=D3=D0=A3=A9=A1=A3=BD=AB=B0=FC=B7=D6=CE=AA=C1=BD=B2=BF=B7=D6=BE=
=DF=D3=D0=D2=D4=CF=C2=D3=C5=CA=C6=A3=BA
      <UL>
        <LI=20
        style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=BF=C9=D3=EB=CA=B9=BF=AA=B7=A2=D6=DC=C6=DA=B8=FC=C1=E9=BB=EE=A1=A3=D3=
=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=D2=D4=CA=D7=CF=C8=C9=F9=C3=F7=B0=FC=B9=E6=B7=B6=B6=F8=B2=BB=
=B6=A8=D2=E5=B0=FC=CC=E5=A3=AC=B4=CB=CA=B1=D2=D1=C9=F9=C3=F7=B5=C4=B9=AB=D3=
=D0=B9=FD=B3=CC=D2=D1=BE=AD=BF=C9=D2=D4=B1=BB=C6=E4=CB=FB=B9=FD=B3=CC=D2=FD=
=D3=C3=A1=A3=20

        <LI=20
        style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=D2=D4=B7=D6=B1=F0=D0=DE=B8=C4=D2=BB=B8=F6=B9=FD=B3=
=CC=D4=DA=B0=FC=CC=E5=C4=DA=B5=C4=B6=A8=D2=E5=BC=B0=D4=DA=B0=FC=B9=E6=B7=B6=
=D6=D0=B5=C4=C9=F9=C3=F7=A1=A3=D6=BB=D2=AA=D4=DA=B0=FC=B9=E6=B7=B6=D6=D0=B5=
=C4=B9=FD=B3=CC=C9=F9=C3=F7=C3=BB=D3=D0=B7=A2=C9=FA=B1=E4=BB=AF=A3=AC=D2=FD=
=D3=C3=C1=CB=B0=FC=D6=D0=B1=BB=D0=DE=B8=C4=B9=FD=B3=CC=B5=C4=B6=D4=CF=F3=BE=
=CD=B2=BB=BB=E1=B1=BB=B1=EA=D6=BE=CE=AA=CE=DE=D0=A7=D7=B4=CC=AC[invalid]=A1=
=A3=D2=F2=B4=CB=B1=DC=C3=E2=C1=CB=B2=BB=B1=D8=D2=AA=B5=C4=D6=D8=D0=C2=B1=E0=
=D2=EB=B9=A4=D7=F7=A1=A3=20
        </LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">226</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%"><A=20
      =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#e.f.24.4"=20
      target=3D_self>Figure 24-4</A> illustrates a package that =
encapsulates a=20
      number of procedures used to manage an employee =
database.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%"><A=20
      =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#c.f.24.4"=20
      target=3D_self>=CD=BC 24-4</A> =
=CF=D4=CA=BE=C1=CB=D2=BB=B8=F6=D3=C3=D3=DA=B9=DC=C0=ED=D4=B1=B9=A4=CA=FD=BE=
=DD=BF=E2=B5=C4=B0=FC=A3=AC=C6=E4=D6=D0=B0=FC=BA=AC=C1=CB=CA=FD=B8=F6=B9=FD=
=B3=CC=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">227</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%"><I><B><FONT=20
      size=3D2><A name=3De.f.24.4></A>Figure 24-4 A Stored=20
      Package<BR>=A1=A1</FONT></B></I></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%"><I><B><FONT size=3D2><A=20
      name=3Dc.f.24.4></A>=CD=BC 24-4 =
=B4=E6=B4=A2=B0=FC<BR>=A1=A1</FONT></B></I></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">228</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <P align=3Dcenter><A=20
      =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/img=
/e.cncpt075.gif"><IMG=20
      height=3D487=20
      =
src=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/img/=
e.cncpt075.gif"=20
      width=3D460 border=3D0></A><BR>=A1=A1</P></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <P align=3Dcenter><A=20
      =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/img=
/c.cncpt075.gif"><IMG=20
      height=3D487=20
      =
src=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/img/=
c.cncpt075.gif"=20
      width=3D460 border=3D0></A></P></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">229</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><FONT size=3D2>Figure 24-4 is described in the=20
      text.</FONT></BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><FONT size=3D2>=CD=BC 24-4 =
=BD=AB=D4=DA=CF=C2=CE=C4=D6=D0=C3=E8=CA=F6=A1=A3</FONT></BLOCKQUOTE></TD>=
</TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">230</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Database=20
      applications explicitly call packaged procedures as necessary. =
After being=20
      granted the privileges for the <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>employees_management</FONT> package, a user can =
explicitly=20
      run any of the procedures contained in it. For example, Oracle =
Enterprise=20
      Manager or SQL*Plus can issue the following statement to run the =
<FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>hire_employees</FONT> package =
procedure:<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=BF=C9=D2=D4=CF=D4=
=CA=BD=B5=D8=B5=F7=D3=C3=B0=FC=C4=DA=B5=C4=B9=FD=B3=CC=A1=A3=B5=B1=D3=C3=BB=
=A7=B1=BB=CA=DA=D3=E8=C1=CB=B7=C3=CE=CA <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>employees_management</FONT> =
=B0=FC=B5=C4=C8=A8=CF=DE=BA=F3=A3=AC=BE=CD=BF=C9=D2=D4=CF=D4=CA=BD=B5=D8=D6=
=B4=D0=D0=C6=E4=D6=D0=CB=F9=D3=D0=B5=C4=B9=FD=B3=CC=A1=A3=C0=FD=C8=E7=A3=AC=
=D4=DA=20
      Oracle =C6=F3=D2=B5=B9=DC=C0=ED=C6=F7=BB=F2 SQL*Plus =
=D6=D0=BF=C9=D2=D4=D6=B4=D0=D0=D2=D4=CF=C2=D3=EF=BE=E4=C0=B4=D4=CB=D0=D0 =
<FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>employees_management</FONT> =
=B0=FC=B5=C4=B9=FD=B3=CC=A3=BA<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">231</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>EXECUTE employees_management.hire_employees ('TSMITH', =

        'CLERK', 1037, SYSDATE, 500, NULL, 20); </BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>EXECUTE employees_management.hire_employees ('TSMITH', =

        'CLERK', 1037, SYSDATE, 500, NULL, 20); </BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">232</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>
        <P><B>See Also:</B></P>
        <UL>
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/appdev.102/b142=
61/toc.htm">Oracle=20
          Database PL/SQL User's Guide and Reference</A>=20
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/appdev.102/b142=
58/toc.htm">Oracle=20
          Database PL/SQL Packages and Types Reference</A>=20
</LI></UL></BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>
        <P><B>=C1=ED=BC=FB=A3=BA</B></P>
        <UL>
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/appdev.102/b142=
61/toc.htm">Oracle=20
          Database PL/SQL User's Guide and Reference</A>=20
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/appdev.102/b142=
58/toc.htm">Oracle=20
          Database PL/SQL Packages and Types Reference</A>=20
  </LI></UL></BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">233</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3De.24.2.1.5.1></A>Benefits of Packages</H4></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3Dc.24.2.1.5.1></A>24.2.1.5.1 =
=B0=FC=B5=C4=D3=C5=CA=C6</H4></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">234</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Packages provide=20
      advantages in the following areas:
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Encapsulation of related =
procedures and=20
        variables<BR><BR>Stored packages allow you to <B>encapsulate</B> =
or=20
        group stored procedures, variables, datatypes, and so on in a =
single=20
        named, stored unit in the database. This provides better =
organization=20
        during the development process. Encapsulation of procedural =
constructs=20
        also makes privilege management easier. Granting the privilege =
to use a=20
        package makes all constructs of the package accessible to the =
grantee.=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Declaration of public and =
private=20
        procedures, variables, constants, and cursors<BR><BR>The methods =
of=20
        package definition allow you to specify which variables, =
cursors, and=20
        procedures are public and private. Public means that it is =
directly=20
        accessible to the user of a package. Private means that it is =
hidden=20
        from the user of a package.<BR><BR>For example, a package can =
contain 10=20
        procedures. You can define the package so that only three =
procedures are=20
        public and therefore available for execution by a user of the =
package.=20
        The remainder of the procedures are private and can only be =
accessed by=20
        the procedures within the package. Do not confuse public and =
private=20
        package variables with grants to <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>PUBLIC</FONT>.=20
      </LI></UL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=CA=B9=D3=C3=B0=FC=BE=DF=D3=D0=D2=D4=CF=C2=D3=C5=CA=C6=A3=BA=

      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=B7=E2=D7=B0=CF=E0=B9=D8=B5=C4=B9=FD=B3=CC=D3=EB=B1=E4=C1=BF<BR><BR=
>=CA=B9=D3=C3=B4=E6=B4=A2=B0=FC[stored=20
        =
package]=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=D2=D4=BD=AB=B4=E6=B4=A2=B9=FD=B3=CC=A3=AC=B1=E4=
=C1=BF=A3=AC=CA=FD=BE=DD=C0=E0=D0=CD=B5=C8=B3=CC=D0=F2=BD=E1=B9=B9<B>=B7=E2=
=D7=B0</B>[encapsulate]=A3=A8=BB=F2=B3=C6=CE=AA=D7=E9=BA=CF=A3=A9=CE=AA=D2=
=BB=B8=F6=C3=FC=C3=FB=B5=C4=B3=CC=D0=F2=B5=A5=D4=AA=B2=A2=B4=E6=B4=A2=D4=DA=
=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=D6=D0=A1=A3=D5=E2=CA=B9=BF=AA=B7=A2=B9=FD=B3=CC=B8=FC=D2=
=D7=B9=DC=C0=ED=A1=A3=B4=CB=CD=E2=A3=AC=BD=AB=B9=FD=B3=CC=B7=E2=D7=B0=BB=B9=
=C4=DC=CA=B9=C8=A8=CF=DE=B9=DC=C0=ED=B8=FC=BC=F2=B5=A5=A1=A3=B5=B1=CA=DA=D3=
=E8=D3=C3=BB=A7=B7=C3=CE=CA=B0=FC=B5=C4=C8=A8=CF=DE=BA=F3=A3=AC=D3=C3=BB=A7=
=BE=CD=BF=C9=D2=D4=B7=C3=CE=CA=B0=FC=C4=DA=B5=C4=CB=F9=D3=D0=B3=CC=D0=F2=BD=
=E1=B9=B9=A1=A3=20

        <LI=20
        style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=C9=F9=C3=F7=B9=AB=D3=D0=BB=F2=CB=BD=D3=D0=B5=C4=B9=FD=B3=CC=A3=AC=B1=
=E4=C1=BF=A3=AC=B3=A3=C1=BF=BC=B0=D3=CE=B1=EA<BR><BR>=D4=DA=B6=A8=D2=E5=B0=
=FC=CA=B1=A3=AC=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=D2=D4=BE=F6=B6=A8=B9=FD=B3=CC=A3=AC=B1=E4=
=C1=BF=A3=AC=B3=A3=C1=BF=BC=B0=D3=CE=B1=EA=CA=C7=B9=AB=D3=D0=BB=F2=CB=BD=D3=
=D0=B5=C4=A1=A3=B9=AB=D3=D0=B5=C4=B3=CC=D0=F2=BD=E1=B9=B9=D2=E2=CE=B6=D7=C5=
=C6=E4=BF=C9=D2=D4=B1=BB=D3=C3=BB=A7=D6=B1=BD=D3=CA=B9=D3=C3=A1=A3=B6=F8=CB=
=BD=D3=D0=B3=CC=D0=F2=BD=E1=B9=B9=B6=D4=D3=C3=BB=A7=CA=C7=B2=BB=BF=C9=BC=FB=
=B5=C4=A1=A3<BR><BR>=C0=FD=C8=E7=A3=AC=D2=BB=B8=F6=B0=FC=D6=D0=B0=FC=BA=AC=
=20
        10 =
=B8=F6=B9=FD=B3=CC=A1=A3=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=D2=D4=BD=AB=C6=E4=D6=D0=B5=C4 =
3=20
        =
=B8=F6=C9=F9=C3=F7=CE=AA=B9=AB=D3=D0=B5=C4=A3=AC=B0=FC=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=D2=
=D4=D6=B1=BD=D3=CA=B9=D3=C3=A1=A3=C6=E4=D3=E0=B9=FD=B3=CC=C9=F9=C3=F7=CE=AA=
=CB=BD=D3=D0=A3=AC=D6=BB=C4=DC=B1=BB=B0=FC=C4=DA=B5=C4=B9=FD=B3=CC=B7=C3=CE=
=CA=A1=A3=D7=A2=D2=E2=A3=AC=B2=BB=D2=AA=BD=AB=B9=AB=D3=D0=BC=B0=CB=BD=D3=D0=
=B0=FC=B3=CC=D0=F2=BD=E1=B9=B9=D3=EB=CA=DA=C8=A8=B8=F8 <FONT=20
        color=3D#0000ff>PUBLIC</FONT> =CF=E0=BB=EC=CF=FD=A1=A3 =
</LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">235</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>
        <BLOCKQUOTE><B>See Also:</B><BR><BR>Chapter 20, "<A=20
          =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/20.Database%20Security.htm">Database=20
          Security</A>" for more information about grants to <FONT=20
          color=3D#0000ff>PUBLIC</FONT></BLOCKQUOTE></BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>=C1=ED=BC=FB=A3=BA</B><BR><BR>=B5=DA 20 =
=D5=C2=A3=AC=A1=B0<A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/20.Database%20Security.htm">=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B0=B2=C8=AB</=
A>=A1=B1=C1=CB=BD=E2=CA=DA=C8=A8=B8=F8=20
        <FONT color=3D#0000ff>PUBLIC</FONT> =
=B5=C4=BA=AC=D2=E5</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">236</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Better performance<BR><BR>An =
entire=20
        package is loaded into memory when a procedure within the =
package is=20
        called for the first time. This load is completed in one =
operation, as=20
        opposed to the separate loads required for standalone =
procedures.=20
        Therefore, when calls to related packaged procedures occur, no =
disk I/O=20
        is necessary to run the compiled code already in =
memory.<BR><BR>A=20
        package body can be replaced and recompiled without affecting =
the=20
        specification. As a result, schema objects that reference a =
package's=20
        constructs (always through the specification) need not be =
recompiled=20
        unless the package specification is also replaced. By using =
packages,=20
        unnecessary recompilations can be minimized, resulting in less =
impact on=20
        overall database performance. </LI></UL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <UL>
        =
<LI>=D0=D4=C4=DC=B8=FC=BC=D1<BR><BR>=B5=B1=B0=FC=C4=DA=B5=C4=C4=B3=B8=F6=B9=
=FD=B3=CC=B5=DA=D2=BB=B4=CE=B1=BB=B5=F7=D3=C3=CA=B1=A3=AC=D5=FB=B8=F6=B0=FC=
=BD=AB=B1=BB=BC=D3=D4=D8=B5=BD=C4=DA=B4=E6=D6=D0=A1=A3=D5=E2=B8=F6=BC=D3=D4=
=D8=B2=D9=D7=F7=D6=BB=D0=E8=D6=B4=D0=D0=D2=BB=B4=CE=A3=AC=B6=F8=B6=D4=D3=DA=
=B7=D6=C9=A2=B5=C4=B6=C0=C1=A2=B9=FD=B3=CC[standalone=20
        =
procedure]=D4=F2=D0=E8=D2=AA=D6=B4=D0=D0=B6=E0=B4=CE=B2=D9=D7=F7=A1=A3=D2=
=F2=B4=CB=A3=AC=B5=B1=B0=FC=C4=DA=B5=C4=C6=E4=CB=FB=B9=FD=B3=CC=B1=BB=B5=F7=
=D3=C3=CA=B1=C6=E4=B1=E0=D2=EB=B4=FA=C2=EB=D2=D1=BE=AD=B4=E6=D4=DA=D3=DA=C4=
=DA=B4=E6=D6=D0=A3=AC=B6=F8=CE=DE=D0=E8=BD=F8=D0=D0=B4=C5=C5=CC I/O=20
        =
=B2=D9=D7=F7=A1=A3<BR><BR>=B0=FC=CC=E5=BF=C9=D2=D4=B1=BB=D0=DE=B8=C4=B2=A2=
=D6=D8=D0=C2=B1=E0=D2=EB=B6=F8=B2=BB=BB=E1=D3=B0=CF=EC=B0=FC=B9=E6=B7=B6=A1=
=A3=D2=F2=B4=CB=A3=AC=D2=FD=D3=C3=A3=A8=D7=DC=CA=C7=B8=F9=BE=DD=B0=FC=B9=E6=
=B7=B6=BD=F8=D0=D0=D2=FD=D3=C3=A3=A9=C1=CB=B0=FC=C4=DA=B1=BB=D0=DE=B8=C4=B3=
=CC=D0=F2=BD=E1=B9=B9=B5=C4=B7=BD=B0=B8=B6=D4=CF=F3=CE=DE=D0=E8=D6=D8=D0=C2=
=B1=E0=D2=EB=A3=AC=B3=FD=B7=C7=B0=FC=B9=E6=B7=B6=D2=B2=D7=F7=C1=CB=D0=DE=B8=
=C4=A1=A3=CA=B9=D3=C3=B0=FC=BF=C9=D2=D4=BC=F5=C9=D9=B2=BB=B1=D8=D2=AA=B5=C4=
=D6=D8=D0=C2=B1=E0=D2=EB=B2=D9=D7=F7=A3=AC=B4=D3=B6=F8=BC=F5=C9=D9=C1=CB=B6=
=D4=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=D5=FB=CC=E5=D0=D4=C4=DC=B5=C4=D3=B0=CF=EC=A1=A3=20
        </LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">237</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3De.24.2.1.6></A>PL/SQL Collections and =
Records</H3></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3Dc.24.2.1.6></A>24.2.1.6 PL/SQL =
=BC=AF=BA=CF=D3=EB=BC=C7=C2=BC</H3></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">238</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Many =
programming=20
      techniques use collection types such as arrays, bags, lists, =
nested=20
      tables, sets, and trees. To support these techniques in database=20
      applications, PL/SQL provides the datatypes <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>TABLE</FONT> and <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>VARRAY</FONT>, which=20
      allow you to declare <SPAN style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: =
#ffff00">index-by=20
      tables</SPAN>, nested tables, and variable-size =
arrays.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=BA=DC=B6=E0=B1=E0=B3=CC=B7=BD=B7=A8=B6=BC=D0=E8=D2=AA=CA=B9=
=D3=C3=CA=FD=D7=E9[array]=A3=AC=B0=FC[bag]=A3=AC=C1=D0=B1=ED[list]=A3=AC=C7=
=B6=CC=D7=B1=ED[nested=20
      =
table]=A3=AC=BC=AF[set]=A3=AC=CA=F7[tree]=B5=C8=BC=AF=BA=CF=C0=E0=D0=CD[c=
ollection =
type]=A1=A3=CE=AA=C1=CB=D4=DA=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=D6=
=D0=D6=A7=B3=D6=D5=E2=D0=A9=B1=E0=B3=CC=B7=BD=B7=A8=A3=ACPL/SQL =
=CC=E1=B9=A9=C1=CB=20
      <FONT color=3D#0000ff>TABLE</FONT> =BA=CD <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>VARRAY</FONT>=20
      =
=CA=FD=BE=DD=C0=E0=D0=CD=A3=AC=BF=AA=B7=A2=D5=DF=CA=B9=D3=C3=D5=E2=D0=A9=CA=
=FD=BE=DD=C0=E0=D0=CD=C4=DC=B9=BB=B6=A8=D2=E5<SPAN=20
      style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: =
#ffff00">=CB=F7=D2=FD=B1=ED</SPAN>[index-by=20
      =
table]=A3=AC=C7=B6=CC=D7=B1=ED=A3=AC=BC=B0=B1=E4=B3=A4=CA=FD=D7=E9[ariabl=
e-size array]=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">239</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3De.24.2.1.6.1></A>Collections</H4></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3Dc.24.2.1.6.1></A>24.2.1.6.1 =
=BC=AF=BA=CF</H4></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">240</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">A =
collection is an=20
      ordered group of elements, all of the same type. Each element has =
a unique=20
      subscript that determines its position in the =
collection.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=BC=AF=BA=CF[collection]=CA=C7=D2=BB=D7=E9=CA=FD=BE=DD=C0=E0=
=D0=CD=CF=E0=CD=AC=B5=C4=D3=D0=D0=F2=D4=AA=CB=D8=A1=A3=C3=BF=B8=F6=D4=AA=CB=
=D8=B6=BC=BE=DF=D3=D0=D2=BB=B8=F6=CE=A8=D2=BB=B5=C4=CF=C2=B1=EA[subscript=
]=A3=AC=D2=D4=B1=EA=CA=B6=C6=E4=D4=DA=BC=AF=BA=CF=D6=D0=B5=C4=CE=BB=D6=C3=
=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">241</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Collections work=20
      like the arrays found in most third-generation programming =
languages.=20
      Also, collections can be passed as parameters. <SPAN=20
      style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">So, you can use them to move =
columns of=20
      data into and out of database tables or between client-side =
applications=20
      and stored subprograms.</SPAN><BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=BC=AF=BA=CF=D3=EB=B4=F3=B6=E0=CA=FD=B5=DA=C8=FD=B4=FA=B1=E0=
=B3=CC=D3=EF=D1=D4=D6=D0=B5=C4=CA=FD=D7=E9=C0=E0=CB=C6=A1=A3=B4=CB=CD=E2=BC=
=AF=BA=CF=BF=C9=D2=D4=B1=BB=D7=F7=CE=AA=B2=CE=CA=FD=B4=AB=B5=DD=A1=A3<SPA=
N=20
      style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: =
#ffff00">=D2=F2=B4=CB=A3=AC=BF=AA=B7=A2=D5=DF=BF=C9=D2=D4=CA=B9=D3=C3=BC=AF=
=BA=CF=CA=FD=BE=DD=C0=E0=D0=CD=D4=DA=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B1=ED=BC=E4=BB=F2=BF=
=CD=BB=A7=B6=CB=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=D3=EB=B7=FE=CE=F1=B6=CB=B4=E6=B4=A2=
=B9=FD=B3=CC=BC=E4=B4=AB=B5=DD=B6=E0=CF=EE=CA=FD=BE=DD[columns=20
      of data]=A1=A3</SPAN><BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">242</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3De.24.2.1.6.2></A>Records</H4></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3Dc.24.2.1.6.2></A>24.2.1.6.2 =
=BC=C7=C2=BC</H4></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">243</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">You =
can use the=20
      <FONT color=3D#0000ff>%ROWTYPE</FONT> attribute to declare a =
record that=20
      represents a row in a table or a row fetched from a cursor. But, =
with a=20
      user-defined record, you can declare fields of your =
own.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=D2=D4=CA=B9=D3=C3 <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>%ROWTYPE</FONT>=20
      =
=CA=F4=D0=D4=C9=F9=C3=F7=BC=C7=C2=BC[record]=A3=AC=B4=CB=D6=D6=CA=FD=BE=DD=
=C0=E0=D0=CD=BF=C9=D2=D4=B1=ED=CA=BE=B4=D3=CA=FD=BE=DD=B1=ED=BB=F2=D3=CE=B1=
=EA=D6=D0=BB=F1=C8=A1=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=D0=D0=A1=A3=B6=F8=CA=B9=D3=C3=D3=C3=
=BB=A7=B6=A8=D2=E5=B5=C4=BC=C7=C2=BC=C0=E0=D0=CD=CA=B1=A3=AC=BB=B9=BF=C9=D2=
=D4=B6=A8=D2=E5=B6=EE=CD=E2=B5=C4=D7=D6=B6=CE=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">244</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Records contain=20
      uniquely named fields, which can have different datatypes. Suppose =
you=20
      have various data about an employee such as name, salary, and hire =
date.=20
      These items are dissimilar in type but logically related. A record =

      containing a field for each item lets you treat the data as a =
logical=20
      unit.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=D2=BB=B8=F6=BC=C7=C2=BC=D6=D0=B5=C4=C3=BF=B8=F6=D7=D6=B6=CE=
=C3=FB=B6=BC=CA=C7=CE=A8=D2=BB=B5=C4=A3=AC=C7=D2=BF=C9=D2=D4=BE=DF=B1=B8=B2=
=BB=CD=AC=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=C0=E0=D0=CD=A1=A3=BC=D9=C9=E8=D3=C3=BB=A7=D0=E8=
=D2=AA=B4=A6=C0=ED=D3=EB=D4=B1=B9=A4=D0=C5=CF=A2=D3=D0=B9=D8=B5=C4=B6=E0=B8=
=F6=CA=FD=BE=DD=A3=AC=C0=FD=C8=E7=C3=FB=D7=D6=A3=AC=D0=BD=CB=AE=A3=AC=BC=B0=
=B9=CD=D3=C3=C8=D5=C6=DA=B5=C8=A1=A3=D5=E2=D0=A9=D0=C5=CF=A2=CA=FD=BE=DD=C0=
=E0=D0=CD=B2=BB=CD=AC=A3=AC=B5=AB=C2=DF=BC=AD=C9=CF=CF=E0=B9=D8=A1=A3=B4=CB=
=CA=B1=BF=C9=D2=D4=CA=B9=D3=C3=BC=C7=C2=BC=C0=E0=D0=CD=A3=AC=BD=AB=C3=BF=B8=
=F6=CA=FD=BE=DD=CF=EE=B4=E6=B4=A2=D4=DA=D2=BB=B8=F6=D7=D6=B6=CE=D6=D0=A3=AC=
=B4=D3=B6=F8=CA=B5=CF=D6=BD=AB=CF=E0=B9=D8=CA=FD=BE=DD=D7=F7=CE=AA=D2=BB=B8=
=F6=C2=DF=BC=AD=B5=A5=D4=AA=CD=B3=D2=BB=B4=A6=C0=ED=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD><=
/TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">245</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>See Also:</B><BR><BR><A=20
        =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/appdev.102/b142=
61/toc.htm">Oracle=20
        Database PL/SQL User's Guide and Reference</A> for detailed =
information=20
        on using collections and records</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>=C1=ED=BC=FB=A3=BA</B><BR><BR><A=20
        =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/appdev.102/b142=
61/toc.htm">Oracle=20
        Database PL/SQL User's Guide and Reference</A>=20
      =
=C1=CB=BD=E2=B9=D8=D3=DA=CA=B9=D3=C3=BC=AF=BA=CF=D3=EB=BC=C7=C2=BC=B5=C4=CF=
=EA=CF=B8=D0=C5=CF=A2</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">246</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3De.24.2.1.7></A>PL/SQL Server Pages</H3></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3Dc.24.2.1.7></A>24.2.1.7 PL/SQL Server =
Pages</H3></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">247</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">PL/SQL =
Server Pages=20
      (PSP) are server-side Web pages (in HTML or XML) with embedded =
PL/SQL=20
      scripts marked with special tags. To produce dynamic Web pages, =
developers=20
      have usually written CGI programs in C or Perl that fetch data and =
produce=20
      the entire Web page within the same program. The development and=20
      maintenance of such dynamic pages is costly and =
time-consuming.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">PL/SQL Server =
Pages=A3=A8PSP=A3=A9=CA=C7=D4=CB=D0=D0=D4=DA=B7=FE=CE=F1=B6=CB=B5=C4 Web =

      =
=D2=B3=C3=E6=A3=AC=C6=E4=D6=D0=BF=C9=D2=D4=C7=B6=C8=EB=D2=D4=CC=D8=CA=E2=B1=
=EA=C7=A9[tag]=B1=EA=BC=C7=B5=C4 PL/SQL =
=BD=C5=B1=BE=A1=A3=D2=D4=CD=F9=BF=AA=B7=A2=D5=DF=D4=DA=C9=FA=B3=C9=B6=AF=CC=
=AC=D2=B3=C3=E6=CA=B1=A3=AC=D0=E8=D2=AA=CA=B9=D3=C3 C =BB=F2 Perl =
=D3=EF=D1=D4=B1=E0=D0=B4 CGI=20
      =
=B3=CC=D0=F2=A3=AC=BB=F1=C8=A1=CA=FD=BE=DD=B2=A2=C9=FA=B3=C9=D2=B3=C3=E6=A1=
=A3=D5=E2=D1=F9=B5=C4=B6=AF=CC=AC=D2=B3=C3=E6=B5=C4=BF=AA=B7=A2=BC=B0=CE=AC=
=BB=A4=B3=C9=B1=BE=B8=DF=B0=BA=A3=AC=C7=D2=BA=C4=B7=D1=CA=B1=BC=E4=A1=A3<=
BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">248</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Scripting fulfills=20
      the demand for rapid development of dynamic Web pages. Small =
scripts can=20
      be embedded in HTML pages without changing their basic HTML =
identity. The=20
      scripts contain the logic to produce the dynamic portions of HTML =
pages=20
      and are run when the pages are requested by the =
users.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=B2=C9=D3=C3=BD=C5=B1=BE=C4=DC=B9=BB=C2=FA=D7=E3=BF=EC=CB=D9=
=BF=AA=B7=A2=B6=AF=CC=AC Web =
=D2=B3=C3=E6=B5=C4=D0=E8=C7=F3=A1=A3=BD=C5=B1=BE=BF=C9=D2=D4=B1=BB=C7=B6=C8=
=EB=B5=BD=20
      HTML =
=D2=B3=C3=E6=D6=D0=A3=AC=B6=F8=B2=BB=BB=E1=B6=D4=D2=B3=C3=E6=C9=CF=B5=C4 =
HTML =
=B6=D4=CF=F3=B2=FA=C9=FA=D3=B0=CF=EC=A1=A3=BD=C5=B1=BE=D6=D0=BF=C9=D2=D4=B0=
=FC=BA=AC=C9=FA=B3=C9 HTML=20
  =
=D2=B3=C3=E6=B6=AF=CC=AC=C4=DA=C8=DD=B5=C4=C2=DF=BC=AD=A3=AC=D4=DA=D3=C3=BB=
=A7=C7=EB=C7=F3=D2=B3=C3=E6=CA=B1=D6=B4=D0=D0=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">249</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">The =
separation of=20
      HTML content from application logic makes script pages easier to =
develop,=20
      debug, and maintain. The simpler development model, along the fact =
that=20
      scripting languages usually demand less programming skill, enables =
Web=20
      page writers to develop dynamic Web pages.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D3=C9=D3=DA=BD=C5=B1=BE=C4=DC=B9=BB=BD=AB HTML=20
      =
=C4=DA=C8=DD=D3=EB=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=C2=DF=BC=AD=B7=D6=C0=EB=A3=AC=D2=
=F2=B4=CB=B2=C9=D3=C3=BD=C5=B1=BE=B5=C4=D2=B3=C3=E6=B8=FC=D2=D7=D3=DA=BF=AA=
=B7=A2=A3=AC=B5=F7=CA=D4=A3=AC=BC=B0=CE=AC=BB=A4=A1=A3=B2=C9=D3=C3=BD=C5=B1=
=BE=BA=F3=BF=AA=B7=A2=C4=A3=D0=CD=B8=FC=CE=AA=BC=F2=B5=A5=A3=AC=C7=D2=BD=C5=
=B1=BE=D3=EF=D1=D4=B6=D4=B1=E0=B3=CC=BC=BC=CA=F5=B5=C4=D2=AA=C7=F3=B8=FC=B5=
=CD=A3=AC=CA=B9=B5=C3=D6=BB=CA=EC=CF=A4 Web=20
      =
=D2=B3=C3=E6=B5=C4=C8=CB=D4=B1=D2=B2=C4=DC=B9=BB=BF=AA=B7=A2=B6=AF=CC=AC =
Web =D2=B3=C3=E6=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">250</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">There =
are two kinds=20
      of embedded scripts in HTML pages: <B>client-side scripts</B> and=20
      <B>server-side scripts</B>. Client-side scripts are returned as =
part of=20
      the HTML page and are run in the browser. They are mainly used for =

      client-side navigation of HTML pages or data validation. =
Server-side=20
      scripts, while also embedded in the HTML pages, are run on the =
server=20
      side. They fetch and manipulate data and produce HTML content that =
is=20
      returned as part of the page. PSP scripts are server-side =
scripts.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">HTML=20
      =
=D2=B3=C3=E6=D6=D0=BF=C9=D2=D4=C7=B6=C8=EB=C1=BD=C0=E0=BD=C5=B1=BE=A3=BA<=
B>=BF=CD=BB=A7=B6=CB=BD=C5=B1=BE</B>[client-side =
script]=D3=EB<B>=B7=FE=CE=F1=B6=CB=BD=C5=B1=BE</B>[server-side=20
      script]=A1=A3=BF=CD=BB=A7=B6=CB=BD=C5=B1=BE=D7=F7=CE=AA HTML =
=D2=B3=C3=E6=B5=C4=D2=BB=B2=BF=B7=D6=B7=B5=BB=D8=B5=BD=E4=AF=C0=C0=C6=F7=B2=
=A2=D4=DA=C6=E4=D6=D0=D4=CB=D0=D0=A1=A3=BF=CD=BB=A7=B6=CB=BD=C5=B1=BE=B5=C4=
=D7=F7=D3=C3=B0=FC=C0=A8=BF=CD=BB=A7=B6=CB HTML=20
      =
=D2=B3=C3=E6=B5=BC=BA=BD=A3=AC=CA=FD=BE=DD=D1=E9=D6=A4=B5=C8=A1=A3=B7=FE=CE=
=F1=B6=CB=BD=C5=B1=BE=D2=B2=C7=B6=C8=EB=D4=DA HTML =
=D2=B3=C3=E6=D6=D0=A3=AC=B5=AB=D4=CB=D0=D0=D3=DA=B7=FE=CE=F1=B6=CB=A1=A3=B7=
=FE=CE=F1=B6=CB=BD=C5=B1=BE=C4=DC=B9=BB=BB=F1=C8=A1=BC=B0=B2=D9=D7=F7=CA=FD=
=BE=DD=A3=AC=B2=A2=C9=FA=B3=C9 HTML=20
      =
=C4=DA=C8=DD=D7=F7=CE=AA=D2=B3=C3=E6=B5=C4=D2=BB=B2=BF=B7=D6=B7=B5=BB=D8=B5=
=BD=E4=AF=C0=C0=C6=F7=A1=A3PSP =
=BD=C5=B1=BE=CA=F4=D3=DA=B7=FE=CE=F1=B6=CB=BD=C5=B1=BE=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</T=
D></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">251</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">A =
PL/SQL gateway=20
      receives HTTP requests from an HTTP client, invokes a PL/SQL =
stored=20
      procedure as specified in the URL, and returns the HTTP output to =
the=20
      client. A PL/SQL Server Page is processed by a PSP compiler, which =

      compiles the page into a PL/SQL stored procedure. When the =
procedure is=20
      run by the gateway, it generates the Web page with dynamic =
content. PSP is=20
      built on one of two existing PL/SQL gateways:
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">PL/SQL cartridge of Oracle =
Application=20
        Server=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">WebDB </LI></UL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">PL/SQL =
=CD=F8=B9=D8[gateway ]=B5=C4=D7=F7=D3=C3=CA=C7=B4=D3 HTTP =
=BF=CD=BB=A7=B6=CB=BD=D3=CA=D5=20
      HTTP =C7=EB=C7=F3=A3=AC=B5=F7=D3=C3 URL =
=D6=D0=D6=B8=B6=A8=B5=C4=B4=E6=B4=A2=B9=FD=B3=CC=A3=AC=B2=A2=CF=F2=BF=CD=BB=
=A7=B6=CB=B7=B5=BB=D8 HTTP =CA=E4=B3=F6=BD=E1=B9=FB=A1=A3PL/SQL Server =
Page =D3=C9 PSP=20
      =B1=E0=D2=EB=C6=F7=B4=A6=C0=ED=A3=AC=B1=E0=D2=EB=C6=F7=BD=AB PSP =
=D2=B3=C3=E6=B1=E0=D2=EB=CE=AA=B4=E6=B4=A2=B9=FD=B3=CC=A1=A3=B5=B1=CD=F8=B9=
=D8=D4=CB=D0=D0 PSP =
=D2=B3=C3=E6=B6=D4=D3=A6=B5=C4=B4=E6=B4=A2=B9=FD=B3=CC=A3=AC=BE=CD=C4=DC=B9=
=BB=C9=FA=B3=C9=B0=FC=BA=AC=B6=AF=CC=AC=C4=DA=C8=DD=B5=C4 Web =
=D2=B3=C3=E6=A1=A3Oracle=20
      =CC=E1=B9=A9=C1=CB=C1=BD=D6=D6=B4=A6=C0=ED PSP =B5=C4 PL/SQL =
=CD=F8=B9=D8=A3=BA
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Oracle Application Server =
=D6=D0=B5=C4 PL/SQL=20
        cartridge=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">WebDB </LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">252</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>See Also:</B><BR><BR><A=20
        =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/appdev.102/b142=
51/toc.htm">Oracle=20
        Database Application Developer's Guide - Fundamentals</A> for =
more=20
        information about PL/SQL Server Pages</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>=C1=ED=BC=FB=A3=BA</B><BR><BR><A=20
        =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/appdev.102/b142=
51/toc.htm">Oracle=20
        Database Application Developer's Guide - Fundamentals</A> =
=C1=CB=BD=E2=B8=FC=B6=E0=B9=D8=D3=DA PL/SQL=20
        Server Pages =B5=C4=D0=C5=CF=A2</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">253</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H2><A name=3De.24.2.2></A>Overview of Java</H2></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H2><A name=3Dc.24.2.2></A>24.2.2 Java =B8=C5=CA=F6</H2></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">254</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Java =
is an=20
      object-oriented programming language efficient for =
application-level=20
      programs. It includes the following features:
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">A Java Virtual Machine (JVM), =
which=20
        provides the fundamental basis for platform independence=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Automatic storage management =
techniques,=20
        such as gathering scattered memory into contiguous memory space=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><SPAN=20
        style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">Language syntax that borrows =
from C=20
        and enforces strong typing</SPAN> </LI></UL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Java=20
      =
=CA=C7=D2=BB=D6=D6=C3=E6=CF=F2=B6=D4=CF=F3=B5=C4=B1=E0=B3=CC=D3=EF=D1=D4=A3=
=AC=CA=CA=D3=DA=BF=AA=B7=A2=D3=A6=D3=C3=D0=CD=B5=C4=B3=CC=D0=F2[applicati=
on-level program]=A1=A3Java =B0=FC=BA=AC=D2=D4=CF=C2=CC=D8=D0=D4=A3=BA
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Java =D0=E9=C4=E2=BB=FA[Java =
Virtual Machine=A3=ACJVM]=A3=AC=CC=E1=B9=A9=C1=CB=20
        =CA=B5=CF=D6=C6=BD=CC=A8=B6=C0=C1=A2=D0=D4=B5=C4=BB=F9=B4=A1=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=D7=D4=B6=AF=B4=E6=B4=A2=B9=DC=C0=ED=BC=BC=CA=F5=A3=AC=C0=FD=C8=E7=BD=
=AB=B7=D6=C9=A2=B5=C4=BF=C9=D3=C3=C4=DA=B4=E6=CA=D5=BC=AF=CE=AA=C1=AC=D0=F8=
=B5=C4=B4=E6=B4=A2=BF=D5=BC=E4=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><SPAN=20
        style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">=B4=D3 C =
=D3=EF=D1=D4=D6=D0=BC=CC=B3=D0=B5=C4=D3=EF=B7=A8=A3=AC=B2=A2=D4=DA=C7=BF=C0=
=E0=D0=CD=D3=EF=D1=D4[strong=20
        typing]=B7=BD=C3=E6=BD=F8=D0=D0=C1=CB=BC=D3=C7=BF</SPAN> =
</LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">255</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">This =
section=20
      contains the following topics:
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#e.24.2.2.1"=20
        target=3D_self>Java and Object-Oriented Programming =
Terminology</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#e.24.2.2.2"=20
        target=3D_self>Class Hierarchy</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#e.24.2.2.3"=20
        target=3D_self>Interfaces</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#e.24.2.2.4"=20
        target=3D_self>Polymorphism</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#e.24.2.2.5"=20
        target=3D_self>Overview of the Java Virtual Machine (JVM)</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#e.24.2.2.6"=20
        target=3D_self>Why Use Java in Oracle?</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#e.24.2.2.7"=20
        target=3D_self>Oracle's Java Application Strategy</A> =
</LI></UL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=B1=BE=BD=DA=B0=FC=BA=AC=D2=D4=CF=C2=D6=F7=CC=E2=A3=BA
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#c.24.2.2.1"=20
        target=3D_self>Java =
=BC=B0=C3=E6=CF=F2=B6=D4=CF=F3=B1=E0=B3=CC=BC=BC=CA=F5=CA=F5=D3=EF</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#c.24.2.2.2"=20
        target=3D_self>=C0=E0=B5=C4=B2=E3=B4=CE=B9=D8=CF=B5</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#c.24.2.2.3"=20
        target=3D_self>=BD=D3=BF=DA</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#c.24.2.2.4"=20
        target=3D_self>=B6=E0=CC=AC=D0=D4</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#c.24.2.2.5"=20
        target=3D_self>Java =D0=E9=C4=E2=BB=FA[JVM]=B8=C5=CA=F6</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#c.24.2.2.6"=20
        target=3D_self>=CE=AA=BA=CE=D4=DA Oracle =D6=D0=CA=B9=D3=C3 =
Java=A3=BF</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#c.24.2.2.7"=20
        target=3D_self>Oracle =B5=C4 Java =
=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=BF=AA=B7=A2=B2=DF=C2=D4</A> =
</LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">256</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3De.24.2.2.1></A>Java and Object-Oriented Programming=20
      Terminology</H3></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3Dc.24.2.2.1></A>24.2.2.1 Java =
=BC=B0=C3=E6=CF=F2=B6=D4=CF=F3=B1=E0=B3=CC=BC=BC=CA=F5=CA=F5=D3=EF</H3></=
TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">257</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">This =
section covers=20
      some basic terminology of Java application development in the =
Oracle=20
      environment.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=B1=BE=BD=DA=BD=E9=C9=DC=D4=DA Oracle =
=BB=B7=BE=B3=CF=C2=BD=F8=D0=D0 Java=20
      =
=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=BF=AA=B7=A2=B5=C4=BB=F9=B4=A1=CA=F5=D3=EF=A1=A3<=
BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">258</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3De.24.2.2.1.1></A>Classes</H4></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3Dc.24.2.2.1.1></A>24.2.2.1.1 =C0=E0</H4></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">259</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">All =
object-oriented=20
      programming languages support the concept of a class. As with a =
table=20
      definition, a class provides a template for objects that share =
common=20
      characteristics. Each class can contain the following:
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#e.24.2.2.1.2"=20
        target=3D_self>Attributes</A>=A1=AAstatic or instance variables =
that each=20
        object of a particular class possesses=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#e.24.2.2.1.3"=20
        target=3D_self>Methods</A>=A1=AAyou can invoke methods defined =
by the class or=20
        inherited by any classes extended from the class </LI></UL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=CB=F9=D3=D0=C3=E6=CF=F2=B6=D4=CF=F3=D3=EF=D1=D4=D6=D0=B6=BC=
=B0=FC=BA=AC=C0=E0[class]=B5=C4=B8=C5=C4=EE=A1=A3=D3=EB=B1=ED=B6=A8=D2=E5=
[table=20
      =
definition]=C0=E0=CB=C6=A3=AC=C0=E0=CA=C7=BE=DF=D3=D0=B9=B2=CD=AC=CC=D8=D0=
=D4=B5=C4=B6=D4=CF=F3=B5=C4=C4=A3=B0=E6=A1=A3=C0=E0=D6=D0=B0=FC=BA=AC=D2=D4=
=CF=C2=D4=AA=CB=D8=A3=BA
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#c.24.2.2.1.2"=20
        =
target=3D_self>=CA=F4=D0=D4</A>[attribute]=A1=AA=A1=AA=C0=E0=B5=C4=CA=B5=C0=
=FD[instance]=CB=F9=D3=B5=D3=D0=B5=C4=BE=B2=CC=AC=B1=E4=C1=BF[static=20
        variable]=BB=F2=CA=B5=C0=FD=B1=E4=C1=BF[instance variable]=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#c.24.2.2.1.3"=20
        =
target=3D_self>=B7=BD=B7=A8</A>[method]=A1=AA=A1=AA=C0=E0=D6=D0=BF=C9=D2=D4=
=B6=A8=D2=E5=B7=BD=B7=A8=A3=AC=D2=B2=BF=C9=D2=D4=BC=CC=B3=D0=C6=E4=CB=FB=C0=
=E0=D6=D0=B5=C4=B7=BD=B7=A8=A3=AC=D5=E2=D0=A9=B7=BD=B7=A8=BF=C9=B9=A9=D3=C3=
=BB=A7=B5=F7=D3=C3=20
  </LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">260</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">When =
you create an=20
      object from a class, you are creating an instance of that class. =
<SPAN=20
      style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">The instance contains the =
fields of an=20
      object, which are known as its data, or =
state.</SPAN><BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=B5=B1=D3=C3=BB=A7=BB=F9=D3=DA=C0=E0=B4=B4=BD=A8=B6=D4=CF=F3=
=CA=B1=A3=AC=D2=B2=B1=BB=B3=C6=CE=AA=B4=B4=BD=A8=C0=E0=B5=C4=CA=B5=C0=FD=A1=
=A3<SPAN=20
      style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: =
#ffff00">=CA=B5=C0=FD=D6=D0=B0=FC=BA=AC=C1=CB=B9=B9=B3=C9=B6=D4=CF=F3=B5=C4=
=D7=D6=B6=CE=A3=AC=BC=B4=B6=D4=CF=F3=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=BB=F2=D7=B4=CC=AC=A1=
=A3</SPAN><BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">261</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%"><A=20
      =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#e.f.24.5"=20
      target=3D_self>Figure 24-5</A> shows an example of an Employee =
class defined=20
      with two attributes: last name (<FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>lastName</FONT>) and=20
      employee identifier (<FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>ID</FONT>).<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%"><A=20
      =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#c.f.24.5"=20
      target=3D_self>=CD=BC 24-5</A> =CA=C7 Employee =
=C0=E0=B5=C4=CA=BE=C0=FD=A3=AC=B4=CB=C0=E0=D6=D0=B0=FC=BA=AC=C1=BD=B8=F6=CA=
=F4=D0=D4=A3=BA=D0=D5=CA=CF=A3=A8<FONT=20
      =
color=3D#0000ff>lastName</FONT>=A3=A9=BA=CD=D4=B1=B9=A4=B1=E0=BA=C5=A3=A8=
<FONT=20
  color=3D#0000ff>ID</FONT>=A3=A9=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">262</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%"><I><B><FONT=20
      size=3D2><A name=3De.f.24.5></A>Figure 24-5 Classes and=20
      Instances<BR>=A1=A1</FONT></B></I></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%"><I><B><FONT size=3D2><A=20
      name=3Dc.f.24.5></A>=CD=BC 24-5 =
=C0=E0=D3=EB=CA=B5=C0=FD<BR>=A1=A1</FONT></B></I></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">263</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <P align=3Dcenter><A=20
      =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/img=
/e.cncpt203.gif"><IMG=20
      height=3D223=20
      =
src=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/img/=
e.cncpt203.gif"=20
      width=3D460 border=3D0></A><BR>=A1=A1</P></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <P align=3Dcenter><A=20
      =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/img=
/c.cncpt203.gif"><IMG=20
      height=3D223=20
      =
src=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/img/=
c.cncpt203.gif"=20
      width=3D460 border=3D0></A></P></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">264</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><FONT size=3D2>Figure 24-5 shows an example of an =
Employee=20
        class defined with two attributes: last name (lastName) and =
employee=20
        identifier (ID). The Employee class defines the fields that =
instances=20
        hold (state) and methods you can invoke on instances of Employee =

        (behavior). Each instance of Employee holds its own state. You =
can=20
        access that state only if the creator of the class defines it in =
a way=20
        that provides access to you.</FONT></BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><FONT size=3D2>=CD=BC 24-5 =CE=AA Employee=20
        =
=C0=E0=B5=C4=CA=BE=C0=FD=A3=AC=B4=CB=C0=E0=D6=D0=B6=A8=D2=E5=C1=CB=C1=BD=B8=
=F6=CA=F4=D0=D4=A3=BA=D0=D5=CA=CF=A3=A8lastName=A3=A9=BA=CD=D4=B1=B9=A4=B1=
=E0=BA=C5=A3=A8ID=A3=A9=A1=A3Employee=20
        =
=C0=E0=B6=A8=D2=E5=C1=CB=C6=E4=CA=B5=C0=FD=D3=A6=B0=FC=BA=AC=B5=C4=D7=D6=B6=
=CE=A3=A8=D7=B4=CC=AC=A3=A9=A3=AC=D2=D4=BC=B0=BF=C9=B9=A9=D3=C3=BB=A7=B5=F7=
=D3=C3=B5=C4=B7=BD=B7=A8=A3=A8=D0=D0=CE=AA=A3=A9=A1=A3Employee=20
        =
=C0=E0=B5=C4=C3=BF=B8=F6=CA=B5=C0=FD=B6=BC=BE=DF=D3=D0=CA=F4=D3=DA=D7=D4=BC=
=BA=B5=C4=D7=B4=CC=AC=A1=A3=D6=BB=D3=D0=C0=E0=B5=C4=C9=E8=BC=C6=D5=DF=CC=E1=
=B9=A9=C1=CB=B7=C3=CE=CA=CA=B5=C0=FD=CA=F4=D0=D4=B5=C4=B7=BD=B7=A8=BA=F3=A3=
=AC=D3=C3=BB=A7=B2=C5=C4=DC=B4=E6=C8=A1=D5=E2=D0=A9=CA=F4=D0=D4=A1=A3</FO=
NT></BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">265</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">When =
you create an=20
      instance, the attributes store individual and private information =
relevant=20
      only to the employee. That is, the information contained within an =

      employee instance is known only for that single employee. The =
example in=20
      <A=20
      =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#e.f.24.5"=20
      target=3D_self>Figure 24-5</A> shows two instances of =
employee=A1=AASmith and=20
      Jones. Each instance contains information relevant to the =
individual=20
      employee.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=B5=B1=D3=C3=BB=A7=B4=B4=BD=A8=CA=B5=C0=FD=CA=B1=A3=AC=CA=B5=
=C0=FD=B5=C4=CA=F4=D0=D4=D6=D0=BD=AB=B4=E6=B4=A2=CC=D8=B6=A8=D4=B1=B9=A4=B5=
=C4=CB=BD=D3=D0=D0=C5=CF=A2=A1=A3=BC=B4=D2=BB=B8=F6=D4=B1=B9=A4=CA=B5=C0=FD=
=CB=F9=B0=FC=BA=AC=B5=C4=CA=C7=B9=D8=D3=DA=CC=D8=B6=A8=D4=B1=B9=A4=B5=C4=D0=
=C5=CF=A2=A1=A3<A=20
      =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#c.f.24.5"=20
      target=3D_self>=CD=BC 24-5</A> =
=CB=F9=CA=BE=B5=C4=C0=FD=D7=D3=D6=D0=D3=D0=C1=BD=B8=F6 Employee =
=C0=E0=B5=C4=CA=B5=C0=FD =A1=AA Smith =BA=CD=20
      =
Jones=A1=A3=D5=E2=C1=BD=B8=F6=CA=B5=C0=FD=B7=D6=B1=F0=B0=FC=BA=AC=C1=BD=B8=
=F6=D4=B1=B9=A4=B8=F7=D7=D4=B5=C4=D0=C5=CF=A2=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">266</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3De.24.2.2.1.2></A>Attributes</H4></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3Dc.24.2.2.1.2></A>24.2.2.1.2 =
=CA=F4=D0=D4</H4></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">267</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Attributes within an=20
      instance are known as fields. Instance fields are analogous to the =
fields=20
      of a relational table row. The class defines the fields, as well =
as the=20
      type of each field. You can declare fields in Java to be static, =
public,=20
      private, protected, or default access.
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Public, private, protected, or =
default=20
        access fields are created within each instance.=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Static fields are like global =
variables=20
        in that the information is available to all instances of the =
employee=20
        class. </LI></UL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=CA=B5=C0=FD=D6=D0=B5=C4=CA=F4=D0=D4[attributes]=D2=B2=B1=BB=
=B3=C6=CE=AA=D7=D6=B6=CE[field]=A1=A3=CA=B5=C0=FD=D7=D6=B6=CE=D3=EB=B9=D8=
=CF=B5=D0=CD=CA=FD=BE=DD=B1=ED=D6=D0=C3=BF=D0=D0=B5=C4=D7=D6=B6=CE=C0=E0=CB=
=C6=A1=A3=D4=DA=C0=E0=D6=D0=D0=E8=D2=AA=B6=A8=D2=E5=D7=D6=B6=CE=BC=B0=D7=D6=
=B6=CE=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=C0=E0=D0=CD=A1=A3=D4=DA=20
      Java=20
      =
=D6=D0=A3=AC=D3=C3=BB=A7=C9=F9=C3=F7=D7=D6=B6=CE=CA=B1=BF=C9=D2=D4=D6=B8=B6=
=A8=C6=E4=CA=F4=D0=D4=CE=AA=BE=B2=CC=AC[static]=A3=AC=B9=AB=D3=D0[public]=
=A3=AC=CB=BD=D3=D0[private]=A3=AC=B1=A3=BB=A4[protected]=A3=AC=BB=F2=C4=AC=
=C8=CF=B7=C3=CE=CA[default=20
      access]=A1=A3
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=CA=F4=D0=D4=CE=AA=B9=AB=D3=D0=A3=AC=CB=BD=D3=D0=A3=AC=B1=A3=BB=A4=A3=
=AC=BB=F2=C4=AC=C8=CF=B7=C3=CE=CA=B5=C4=D7=D6=B6=CE=BD=AB=D4=DA=C0=E0=B5=C4=
=C3=BF=B8=F6=CA=B5=C0=FD=D6=D0=B4=B4=BD=A8=A1=A3=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=BE=B2=CC=AC=D7=D6=B6=CE=D3=EB=C8=AB=BE=D6=B1=E4=C1=BF[global =
variable]=C0=E0=CB=C6=A3=AC=C6=E4=D6=D0=B4=E6=B4=A2=B5=C4=D0=C5=CF=A2=BF=C9=
=B9=A9=20
        Employee =C0=E0=B5=C4=CB=F9=D3=D0=CA=B5=C0=FD=B7=C3=CE=CA=A1=A3 =
</LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">268</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">The =
language=20
      specification defines the rules of visibility of data for all =
fields.=20
      Rules of visibility define under what circumstances you can access =
the=20
      data in these fields.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Java=20
      =
=D3=EF=D1=D4=B9=E6=B7=B6=B6=A8=D2=E5=C1=CB=C0=E0=D7=D6=B6=CE=CA=FD=BE=DD=B5=
=C4=BF=C9=BC=FB=D0=D4=B9=E6=D4=F2=A1=A3=BF=C9=BC=FB=D0=D4=B9=E6=D4=F2=B6=A8=
=D2=E5=C1=CB=D4=DA=BA=CE=D6=D6=C7=E9=BF=F6=CF=C2=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=D2=D4=B7=
=C3=CE=CA=D7=D6=B6=CE=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">269</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3De.24.2.2.1.3></A>Methods</H4></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3Dc.24.2.2.1.3></A>24.2.2.1.3 =
=B7=BD=B7=A8</H4></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">270</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">The =
class also=20
      defines the methods you can invoke on an instance of that class. =
Methods=20
      are written in Java and define the behavior of an object. This =
bundling of=20
      state and behavior is the essence of encapsulation, which is a =
feature of=20
      all object-oriented programming languages. If you define an <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>Employee</FONT> class, declaring that each =
employee's <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>id</FONT> is a private field, other objects can =
access that=20
      private field only if a method returns the field. In this example, =
an=20
      object could retrieve the employee's identifier by invoking the =
<FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>Employee.getId</FONT> method.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=D4=DA=C0=E0=D6=D0=BB=B9=D0=E8=B6=A8=D2=E5=B7=BD=B7=A8[meth=
od]=A3=AC=D3=C3=BB=A7=CD=A8=B9=FD=B5=F7=D3=C3=B7=BD=B7=A8=C0=B4=B2=D9=D7=F7=
=C0=E0=B5=C4=CA=B5=C0=FD=A1=A3=B7=BD=B7=A8=CA=B9=D3=C3 Java=20
      =
=B4=FA=C2=EB=B6=A8=D2=E5=A3=AC=CB=B5=C3=F7=C1=CB=B6=D4=CF=F3=B5=C4=D0=D0=CE=
=AA=A1=A3=B7=E2=D7=B0[encapsulation]=B5=C4=CA=B5=D6=CA=BE=CD=CA=C7=BD=AB=D7=
=B4=CC=AC[state]=D3=EB=D0=D0=CE=AA[behavior]=C0=A6=B0=F3=D4=DA=D2=BB=C6=F0=
=A3=AC=D5=E2=D2=B2=CA=C7=CB=F9=D3=D0=C3=E6=CF=F2=B6=D4=CF=F3=B1=E0=B3=CC=D3=
=EF=D1=D4=B9=B2=D3=D0=B5=C4=CC=D8=D0=D4=A1=A3=C0=FD=C8=E7=A3=AC=D3=C3=BB=A7=
=D4=DA=B6=A8=D2=E5=20
      <FONT color=3D#0000ff>Employee</FONT> =C0=E0=CA=B1=BD=AB <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>id</FONT>=20
      =
=C9=F9=C3=F7=CE=AA=CB=BD=D3=D0=D7=D6=B6=CE=A3=AC=C6=E4=CB=FB=B6=D4=CF=F3=D6=
=BB=C4=DC=CD=A8=B9=FD <FONT color=3D#0000ff>Employee</FONT>=20
      =
=C0=E0=CC=E1=B9=A9=B5=C4=B7=BD=B7=A8=B7=C3=CE=CA=CB=BD=D3=D0=D7=D6=B6=CE=B5=
=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=A1=A3=D4=DA=C7=B0=C3=E6=B5=C4=CA=BE=C0=FD=D6=D0=A3=AC=D3=C3=
=BB=A7=D0=E8=D2=AA=B5=F7=D3=C3 <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>Employee.getId</FONT>=20
      =
=B7=BD=B7=A8=B2=C5=C4=DC=BB=F1=B5=C3=D4=B1=B9=A4=B1=EA=CA=B6=CA=FD=BE=DD=A1=
=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">271</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">In =
addition, with=20
      encapsulation, you can declare that the <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>Employee.getId</FONT> method is private, or you =
can decide=20
      not to write an <FONT color=3D#0000ff>Employee.getId</FONT> =
method.=20
      Encapsulation helps you write programs that are reusable and not =
misused.=20
      Encapsulation makes public only those features of an object that =
are=20
      declared public; all other fields and methods are private. Private =
fields=20
      and methods can be used for internal object =
processing.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=B4=CB=CD=E2=A3=AC=D3=C3=BB=A7=D4=DA=B7=E2=D7=B0 <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>Employee</FONT> =C0=E0=CA=B1=BF=C9=D2=D4=BD=AB =
<FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>Employee.getId</FONT> =
=B7=BD=B7=A8=C9=F9=C3=F7=CE=AA=CB=BD=D3=D0=B5=C4=A3=AC=BB=F2=B2=BB=B1=E0=D0=
=B4 <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>Employee.getId</FONT>=20
      =
=B7=BD=B7=A8=A1=A3=D3=C3=BB=A7=CD=A8=B9=FD=B7=E2=D7=B0=BC=BC=CA=F5=C4=DC=B9=
=BB=B1=E0=D0=B4=B3=F6=BF=C9=D6=D8=D3=C3=C7=D2=B2=BB=BB=E1=B1=BB=CE=F3=D3=C3=
=B5=C4=B3=CC=D0=F2=A1=A3=BE=AD=B9=FD=B7=E2=D7=B0=BA=F3=A3=AC=D6=BB=D3=D0=B1=
=BB=C9=F9=C3=F7=CE=AA=B9=AB=D3=D0=B5=C4=B6=D4=CF=F3=D4=AA=CB=D8=B2=C5=C4=DC=
=B9=A9=CB=F9=D3=D0=D3=C3=BB=A7=CA=B9=D3=C3=A3=BB=CA=A3=D3=E0=B5=C4=B6=D4=CF=
=F3=D4=AA=CB=D8=CE=AA=CB=BD=D3=D0=B5=C4=A1=A3=CB=BD=D3=D0=D7=D6=B6=CE=BC=B0=
=B7=BD=B7=A8=D6=BB=C4=DC=D4=DA=B6=D4=CF=F3=C4=DA=B2=BF=CA=B9=D3=C3=A1=A3<=
BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">272</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3De.24.2.2.2></A>Class Hierarchy</H3></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3Dc.24.2.2.2></A>24.2.2.2 =
=C0=E0=B5=C4=B2=E3=B4=CE=B9=D8=CF=B5</H3></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">273</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Java =
defines classes=20
      within a large hierarchy of classes. At the top of the hierarchy =
is the=20
      <FONT color=3D#0000ff>Object</FONT> class. All classes in Java =
inherit from=20
      the <FONT color=3D#0000ff>Object</FONT> class at some level, as =
you walk up=20
      through the inheritance chain of superclasses. When we say Class B =

      inherits from Class A, each instance of Class B contains all the =
fields=20
      defined in class B, as well as all the fields defined in Class A. =
For=20
      example, in <A=20
      =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#e.f.24.6"=20
      target=3D_self>Figure 24-6</A>, the <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>FullTimeEmployee</FONT> class contains the <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>id</FONT> and <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>lastName</FONT> fields=20
      defined in the <FONT color=3D#0000ff>Employee</FONT> class, =
because it=20
      inherits from the Employee class. In addition, the <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>FullTimeEmployee</FONT> class adds another field, =
<FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>bonus</FONT>, which is contained only within <FONT =

      color=3D#0000ff>FullTimeEmployee</FONT>.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">=D4=DA Java=20
      =
=D6=D0=B6=A8=D2=E5=B5=C4=C0=E0=B6=BC=CA=F4=D3=DA=D2=BB=B8=F6=BE=DE=B4=F3=B5=
=C4=C0=E0=B2=E3=B4=CE=B9=D8=CF=B5=D6=D0=B5=C4=D2=BB=BB=B7=A1=A3=D4=DA=D5=E2=
=B8=F6=B2=E3=B4=CE=B9=D8=CF=B5=B5=C4=B6=A5=B6=CB=CA=C7 <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>Object</FONT>=20
      =C0=E0=A1=A3=D1=D8=D7=C5=C8=CE=D2=E2=D2=BB=B8=F6 Java =
=C0=E0=B5=C4=B3=AC=C0=E0=BC=CC=B3=D0=C1=B4=CF=F2=C9=CF=D7=B7=CB=DD=A3=AC=BE=
=CD=BB=E1=B7=A2=CF=D6=CB=FD=C3=C7=BE=F9=BC=CC=B3=D0=D7=D4 <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>Object</FONT>=20
      =C0=E0=A1=A3=C8=E7=B9=FB=CE=D2=C3=C7=CB=B5 B =
=C0=E0=BC=CC=B3=D0=D7=D4 A =C0=E0=A3=AC=C4=C7=C3=B4 B =
=C0=E0=B5=C4=C3=BF=B8=F6=CA=B5=C0=FD=BC=C8=B0=FC=BA=AC B =
=C0=E0=D6=D0=B6=A8=D2=E5=B5=C4=D7=D6=B6=CE=A3=AC=D2=B2=B0=FC=BA=AC=D4=DA =
A =C0=E0=D6=D0=B6=A8=D2=E5=B5=C4=D7=D6=B6=CE=A1=A3=C0=FD=C8=E7 <A=20
      =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#c.f.24.6"=20
      target=3D_self>=CD=BC 24-6</A> =CB=F9=CA=BE=A3=AC<FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>FullTimeEmployee</FONT>=20
      =C0=E0=D6=D0=B0=FC=BA=AC=C1=CB=D4=DA <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>Employee</FONT> =C0=E0=D6=D0=B6=A8=D2=E5=B5=C4 <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>id</FONT> =BA=CD <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>lastName</FONT>=20
      =
=D7=D6=B6=CE=A3=AC=D2=F2=CE=AA=C7=B0=D5=DF=BC=CC=B3=D0=D7=D4=BA=F3=D5=DF=A1=
=A3=B4=CB=CD=E2 <FONT color=3D#0000ff>FullTimeEmployee</FONT> =
=C0=E0=D6=D0=BB=B9=B6=A8=D2=E5=C1=CB=D0=C2=D7=D6=B6=CE=20
      <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>bonus</FONT>=A3=AC=B4=CB=D7=D6=B6=CE=D6=BB=B0=FC=BA=AC=D3=
=DA <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>FullTimeEmployee</FONT> =
=C0=E0=D6=D0=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">274</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">You =
can invoke any=20
      method on an instance of Class B that was defined in either Class =
A or B.=20
      In our employee example, the <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>FullTimeEmployee</FONT>=20
      instance can invoke methods defined only within its own class, or =
methods=20
      defined within the <FONT color=3D#0000ff>Employee</FONT> =
class.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=D2=D4=B6=D4 B =
=C0=E0=B5=C4=CA=B5=C0=FD=B5=F7=D3=C3=B6=A8=D2=E5=D4=DA B =C0=E0=BC=B0 A=20
      =
=C0=E0=C9=CF=B5=C4=B7=BD=B7=A8=A1=A3=D4=DA=C9=CF=CA=F6=CA=BE=C0=FD=D6=D0=A3=
=AC=B6=D4=D3=DA <FONT color=3D#0000ff>FullTimeEmployee</FONT> =
=C0=E0=B5=C4=CA=B5=C0=FD=A3=AC=BC=C8=BF=C9=D2=D4=B5=F7=D3=C3=20
      <FONT color=3D#0000ff>FullTimeEmployee</FONT> =
=C0=E0=D6=D0=B6=A8=D2=E5=B5=C4=B7=BD=B7=A8=A3=AC=D2=B2=BF=C9=D2=D4=B5=F7=D3=
=C3 <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>Employee</FONT> =
=C0=E0=D6=D0=B6=A8=D2=E5=B5=C4=B7=BD=B7=A8=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">275</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%"><I><B><FONT=20
      size=3D2><A name=3De.f.24.6></A>Figure 24-6 Using Inheritance to =
Localize=20
      Behavior and State<BR>=A1=A1</FONT></B></I></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%"><I><B><FONT size=3D2><A=20
      name=3Dc.f.24.6></A>=CD=BC 24-6 =
=B8=F9=BE=DD=BC=CC=B3=D0=B9=D8=CF=B5=B6=A8=CE=BB=D0=D0=CE=AA=BA=CD=D7=B4=CC=
=AC<BR>=A1=A1</FONT></B></I></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">276</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <P align=3Dcenter><A=20
      =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/img=
/e.cncpt204.gif"><IMG=20
      height=3D276=20
      =
src=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/img/=
e.cncpt204.gif"=20
      width=3D460 border=3D0></A><BR>=A1=A1</P></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <P align=3Dcenter><A=20
      =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/img=
/c.cncpt204.gif"><IMG=20
      height=3D276=20
      =
src=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/img/=
c.cncpt204.gif"=20
      width=3D460 border=3D0></A><BR>=A1=A1</P></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">277</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><FONT size=3D2>Figure 24-6 shows the Employee class =
and its=20
        subclasses.<BR><BR>The Employee class has two subclasses,=20
        PartTimeEmployee and FullTimeEmployee, rather than using =
attributes of=20
        Employee to differentiate between different Employee types. =
Part-time=20
        employees have to track their schedules, while full-time =
employees are=20
        eligible for bonuses. Each full time employee is considered =
"exempt" if=20
        he works for a monthly salary, or "non-exempt" if he works at an =
hourly=20
        rate. Each one computes salaryToDate =
differently.</FONT></BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><FONT size=3D2>=CD=BC 24-6 =CF=D4=CA=BE=C1=CB Employee =
=C0=E0=BA=CD=C6=E4=D7=D3=C0=E0=A1=A3<BR><BR>Employee=20
        =C0=E0=D3=D0=C1=BD=B8=F6=D7=D3=C0=E0=A3=ACPartTimeEmployee =
=C0=E0=BA=CD FullTimeEmployee =
=C0=E0=A3=AC=D2=F2=B4=CB=B2=BB=B1=D8=CA=B9=D3=C3 Employee=20
        =
=C0=E0=B5=C4=CA=F4=D0=D4=C0=B4=C7=F8=B7=D6=B2=BB=CD=AC=C0=E0=D0=CD=B5=C4=D4=
=B1=B9=A4=A1=A3=B6=D4=D3=DA=BC=E6=D6=B0=D4=B1=B9=A4=D0=E8=D2=AA=BC=C7=C2=BC=
=C6=E4=B9=A4=D7=F7=CA=B1=BC=E4=A3=AC=B6=F8=B6=D4=D3=DA=C8=AB=D6=B0=D4=B1=B9=
=A4=D4=F2=D0=E8=D2=AA=C5=D0=B6=CF=CA=C7=B7=F1=B7=FB=BA=CF=B7=A2=B7=C5=BD=B1=
=BD=F0=B5=C4=CC=F5=BC=FE=A1=A3=B6=D4=D3=DA=C8=AB=D6=B0=D4=B1=B9=A4=A3=AC=C8=
=E7=B9=FB=C1=EC=C8=A1=D4=C2=D0=BD=D4=F2=B1=BB=CA=D3=CE=AA=BF=C9=BB=ED=C3=E2=
=D4=B1=B9=A4=A3=AC=C8=E7=B0=B4=D0=A1=CA=B1=BC=C6=D0=BD=D4=F2=B1=BB=CA=D3=CE=
=AA=B2=BB=BF=C9=BB=ED=C3=E2=D4=B1=B9=A4=A1=A3=BF=C9=BB=ED=C3=E2=D4=B1=B9=A4=
=BA=CD=B2=BB=BF=C9=BB=ED=C3=E2=D4=B1=B9=A4=BE=F9=CA=B9=D3=C3=20
        salaryToDate =
=B7=BD=B7=A8=BC=C6=D0=BD=A3=AC=B5=AB=CB=E3=B7=A8=B2=BB=CD=AC=A1=A3</FONT>=
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">278</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">Instances of Class B are =
substitutable=20
      for instances of Class A, which makes inheritance another powerful =

      construct of object-oriented languages for improving code =
reuse.</SPAN>=20
      You can create new classes that define behavior and state where it =
makes=20
      sense in the hierarchy, yet make use of pre-existing functionality =
in=20
      class libraries.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">B =
=C0=E0=B5=C4=CA=B5=C0=FD=BF=C9=D2=D4=B4=FA=CC=E6[substitutable] A=20
      =
=C0=E0=B5=C4=CA=B5=C0=FD=A3=AC=D2=F2=B4=CB=BC=CC=B3=D0=CA=C7=C3=E6=CF=F2=B6=
=D4=CF=F3=D3=EF=D1=D4=CA=B5=CF=D6=B4=FA=C2=EB=D6=D8=D3=C3=B5=C4=D6=D8=D2=AA=
=B7=BD=CA=BD=A1=A3</SPAN>=D3=C3=BB=A7=D4=DA=B6=A8=D2=E5=D0=C2=C0=E0=CA=B1=
=BF=C9=D2=D4=B6=A8=D2=E5=D3=EB=D6=AE=CF=E0=B9=D8=B5=C4=D0=D0=CE=AA=BA=CD=D7=
=B4=CC=AC=A3=AC=CD=AC=CA=B1=B3=E4=B7=D6=B7=A2=BB=D3=C6=E4=B3=AC=C0=E0=D6=D0=
=D2=D1=B6=A8=D2=E5=B5=C4=B9=A6=C4=DC=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">279</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3De.24.2.2.3></A>Interfaces</H3></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3Dc.24.2.2.3></A>24.2.2.3 =BD=D3=BF=DA</H3></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">280</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Java =
supports only=20
      single inheritance; that is, each class has one and only one class =
from=20
      which it inherits. If you must inherit from more than one source, =
Java=20
      provides the equivalent of multiple inheritance, without the =
complications=20
      and confusion that usually accompany it, through interfaces. =
Interfaces=20
      are similar to classes; however, interfaces define method =
signatures, not=20
      implementations. The methods are implemented in classes declared =
to=20
      implement an interface. Multiple inheritance occurs when a single =
class=20
      simultaneously supports many interfaces.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Java =
=D6=BB=D6=A7=B3=D6=B5=A5=D2=BB=BC=CC=B3=D0[single=20
      =
inheritance]=A3=AC=BC=B4=C3=BF=B8=F6=C0=E0=D3=D0=C7=D2=D6=BB=D3=D0=D2=BB=B8=
=F6=B8=B8=C0=E0=A1=A3=C8=E7=B9=FB=D3=C3=BB=A7=B6=A8=D2=E5=B5=C4=C0=E0=B1=D8=
=D0=EB=BC=CC=B3=D0=D7=D4=B6=E0=B8=F6=D4=B4=A3=ACJava=20
      =
=CC=E1=B9=A9=C1=CB=BD=D3=BF=DA[interface]=D7=F7=CE=AA=B6=E0=D6=D8=BC=CC=B3=
=D0[multiple=20
      =
inheritance]=B5=C4=CC=E6=B4=FA=BD=E2=BE=F6=B7=BD=B7=A8=A3=AC=B4=CB=B7=BD=B7=
=A8=B1=DC=C3=E2=C1=CB=B6=E0=D6=D8=BC=CC=B3=D0=D4=EC=B3=C9=B5=C4=B8=B4=D4=D3=
=D0=D4=BA=CD=D2=D7=BB=EC=CF=FD=D0=D4=A1=A3=BD=D3=BF=DA=D3=EB=C0=E0=CF=E0=CB=
=C6=A3=AC=B5=AB=BD=D3=BF=DA=D6=BB=B6=A8=D2=E5=B7=BD=B7=A8=A3=AC=B6=F8=B2=BB=
=CC=E1=B9=A9=BE=DF=CC=E5=CA=B5=CF=D6[implementation]=A1=A3=B7=BD=B7=A8=CA=
=C7=D4=DA=CA=B5=CF=D6=C1=CB=BD=D3=BF=DA=B5=C4=C0=E0=D6=D0=CA=B5=CF=D6=B5=C4=
=A1=A3=C8=E7=B9=FB=D2=BB=B8=F6=C0=E0=CD=AC=CA=B1=D6=A7=B3=D6=B6=E0=B8=F6=BD=
=D3=BF=DA=A3=AC=D4=F2=CF=E0=B5=B1=D3=DA=BD=F8=D0=D0=C1=CB=B6=E0=D6=D8=BC=CC=
=B3=D0=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">281</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3De.24.2.2.4></A>Polymorphism</H3></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3Dc.24.2.2.4></A>24.2.2.4 =
=B6=E0=CC=AC=D0=D4</H3></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">282</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Assume =
in our <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>Employee</FONT> example that the different types =
of=20
      employees must be able to respond with their compensation to date. =

      Compensation is computed differently for different kinds of =
employees.
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><FONT=20
        color=3D#0000ff>FullTimeEmployees</FONT> are eligible for a =
bonus=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><FONT=20
        color=3D#0000ff>NonExemptEmployees</FONT> get overtime pay =
</LI></UL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">=D4=DA=C9=CF=CA=F6 <FONT =

      color=3D#0000ff>Employee</FONT>=20
      =
=C0=E0=B5=C4=C0=FD=D7=D3=D6=D0=A3=AC=B2=BB=CD=AC=C0=E0=D0=CD=B5=C4=D4=B1=B9=
=A4=B6=BC=D0=E8=D2=AA=B8=F9=BE=DD=C6=E4=B9=A4=D7=F7=CA=B1=BC=E4=BC=C6=CB=E3=
=B1=A8=B3=EA=A1=A3=B6=F8=B2=BB=CD=AC=C0=E0=D0=CD=D4=B1=B9=A4=B5=C4=B1=A8=B3=
=EA=BC=C6=CB=E3=B7=BD=CA=BD=BE=F9=D3=D0=CB=F9=B2=BB=CD=AC=A1=A3
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><FONT=20
        color=3D#0000ff>FullTimeEmployees</FONT> =
=D0=E8=D2=AA=C5=D0=B6=CF=CA=C7=B7=F1=B7=FB=BA=CF=B7=A2=B7=C5=BD=B1=BD=F0=B5=
=C4=CC=F5=BC=FE=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><FONT=20
        color=3D#0000ff>NonExemptEmployees</FONT> =
=D0=E8=D2=AA=B7=A2=B7=C5=BC=D3=B0=E0=D0=BD=BD=F0 </LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">283</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">In =
traditional=20
      procedural languages, you would write a long switch statement, =
with the=20
      different possible cases defined.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D4=DA=B4=AB=CD=B3=B5=C4=B9=FD=B3=CC=BB=AF=D3=EF=D1=D4=D6=D0=
=A3=AC=BF=AA=B7=A2=D5=DF=D0=E8=D2=AA=CA=B9=D3=C3 switch ... case=20
      ... =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=B4=A6=C0=ED=B8=F7=D6=D6=BF=C9=C4=DC=B5=C4=C7=E9=BF=F6=A1=A3<=
BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">284</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>switch (employee.type) {<BR>case: Employee<BR>return=20
        employee.salaryToDate;<BR>case: FullTimeEmployee<BR>return=20
        employee.salaryToDate + =
employee.bonusToDate;<BR>...</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>switch (employee.type) {<BR>case: Employee<BR>return=20
        employee.salaryToDate;<BR>case: FullTimeEmployee<BR>return=20
        employee.salaryToDate + =
employee.bonusToDate;<BR>...</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">285</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">If you =
add a new=20
      kind of employee, then you must update your switch statement. If =
you=20
      modify your data structure, then you must modify all switch =
statements=20
      that use it.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=C8=E7=B9=FB=B3=F6=CF=D6=C1=CB=D0=C2=B5=C4=D4=B1=B9=A4=C0=E0=
=D0=CD=A3=AC=BF=AA=B7=A2=D5=DF=B1=D8=D0=EB=D0=DE=B8=C4 switch=20
      =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=A1=A3=C8=E7=B9=FB=D0=DE=B8=C4=C1=CB=CA=FD=BE=DD=BD=E1=B9=B9=A3=
=AC=D4=F2=B1=D8=D0=EB=D0=DE=B8=C4=CB=F9=D3=D0 switch =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=D2=D4=CA=CA=D3=A6=D0=C2=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=BD=E1=B9=B9=A1=A3<=
BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">286</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">In an=20
      object-oriented language such as Java, you implement a method, =
<FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>compensationToDate</FONT>, for each subclass of =
<FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>Employee</FONT> class that requires any special =
treatment=20
      beyond what is already defined in <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>Employee</FONT>=20
      class. For example, you could implement the <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>compensationToDate</FONT> method of <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>NonExemptEmployee</FONT>, as =
follows:<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">=D4=DA Java =
=B5=C8=C3=E6=CF=F2=B6=D4=CF=F3=D3=EF=D1=D4=D6=D0=A3=AC=D3=C3=BB=A7=D0=E8=D2=
=AA=D4=DA <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>Employee</FONT> =
=C0=E0=B5=C4=BB=F9=B4=A1=C9=CF=CE=AA=C6=E4=C3=BF=B8=F6=D7=D3=C0=E0=CA=B5=CF=
=D6 <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>compensationToDate</FONT> =
=B7=BD=B7=A8=A3=AC=D2=D4=B4=A6=C0=ED=C3=BF=B8=F6=D7=D3=C0=E0=B5=C4=CC=D8=CA=
=E2=C7=E9=BF=F6=A1=A3=C0=FD=C8=E7=A3=AC=BF=AA=B7=A2=D5=DF=D3=A6=B8=C3=CE=AA=
 <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>NonExemptEmployee</FONT> =
=B0=B4=D2=D4=CF=C2=B7=BD=CA=BD=CA=B5=CF=D6 <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>compensationToDate</FONT> =
=B7=BD=B7=A8=A3=BA<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">287</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>private float compensationToDate() {<BR>&nbsp; return=20
        super.compensationToDate() + =
this.overtimeToDate();<BR>}</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>private float compensationToDate() {<BR>&nbsp; return=20
        super.compensationToDate() +=20
this.overtimeToDate();<BR>}</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">288</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Implement <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>FullTimeEmployee</FONT>'s method as =
follows:<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=B0=B4=D2=D4=CF=C2=B7=BD=CA=BD=CA=B5=CF=D6 <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>FullTimeEmployee</FONT> =C0=E0=B5=C4 <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>compensationToDate</FONT> =
=B7=BD=B7=A8=A3=BA<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">289</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>private float compensationToDate() {<BR>&nbsp; return=20
        super.compensationToDate() + =
this.bonusToDate();<BR>}</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>private float compensationToDate() {<BR>&nbsp; return=20
        super.compensationToDate() + =
this.bonusToDate();<BR>}</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">290</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">The =
common usage of=20
      the method name <FONT color=3D#0000ff>compensationToDate</FONT> =
lets you=20
      invoke the identical method on different classes and receive =
different=20
      results, without knowing the type of employee you are using. You =
do not=20
      have to write a special method to handle <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>FullTimeEmployees</FONT> and <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>PartTimeEmployees</FONT>. This ability for the =
different=20
      objects to respond to the identical message in different ways is =
known as=20
      polymorphism.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D3=C9=D3=DA=CB=F9=D3=D0=D7=D3=C0=E0=B6=BC=BE=DF=D3=D0 =
<FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>compensationToDate</FONT>=20
      =
=B7=BD=B7=A8=A3=AC=D2=F2=B4=CB=BF=AA=B7=A2=D5=DF=BF=C9=D2=D4=B5=F7=D3=C3=B2=
=BB=CD=AC=D7=D3=C0=E0=B5=C4=CD=AC=C3=FB=B7=BD=B7=A8=A3=AC=B5=C3=B5=BD=B2=BB=
=CD=AC=B5=C4=BD=E1=B9=FB=A3=AC=C7=D2=CE=DE=D0=E8=C1=CB=BD=E2=D5=FD=D4=DA=B4=
=A6=C0=ED=BA=CE=D6=D6=C0=E0=D0=CD=B5=C4=D4=B1=B9=A4=A1=A3=BF=AA=B7=A2=D5=DF=
=CE=DE=D0=E8=B1=E0=D0=B4=CC=D8=CA=E2=B4=FA=C2=EB=C0=B4=B7=D6=B1=F0=B4=A6=C0=
=ED <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>FullTimeEmployees</FONT> =C0=E0=BA=CD <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>PartTimeEmployees</FONT>=20
      =
=C0=E0=A1=A3=D5=E2=D6=D6=C1=EE=B2=BB=CD=AC=B6=D4=CF=F3=CF=EC=D3=A6=CF=E0=CD=
=AC=CF=FB=CF=A2=B6=F8=BB=F1=B5=C3=B2=BB=CD=AC=BD=E1=B9=FB=B5=C4=B9=A6=C4=DC=
=B1=BB=B3=C6=CE=AA=B6=E0=CC=AC=D0=D4[polymorphism]=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></=
TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">291</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">In =
addition, you=20
      could create an entirely new class that does not inherit from =
<FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>Employee</FONT> at all=A1=AA<FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>Contractor</FONT>=A1=AAand implement a <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>compensationToDate</FONT> method in it. A program =
that=20
      calculates total payroll to date would iterate over all people on =
payroll,=20
      regardless of whether they were full-time, part-time, or =
contractors, and=20
      add up the values returned from invoking the <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>compensationToDate</FONT> method on each. You can =
safely=20
      make changes to the individual <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>compensationToDate</FONT> methods with the =
knowledge that=20
      callers of the methods will work correctly. <SPAN=20
      style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">For example, you can safely =
add new=20
      fields to existing classes.</SPAN><BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=B4=CB=CD=E2=A3=AC=BF=AA=B7=A2=D5=DF=BF=C9=D2=D4=B4=B4=BD=A8=
=D2=BB=B8=F6=D0=C2=C0=E0 <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>Contractor</FONT>=A3=A8=B2=BB=BC=CC=B3=D0=D7=D4 =
<FONT color=3D#0000ff>Employee</FONT>=20
      =C0=E0=A3=A9=A3=AC=B2=A2=CA=B5=CF=D6=D2=BB=B8=F6 <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>compensationToDate</FONT>=20
      =
=B7=BD=B7=A8=A1=A3=B8=F9=BE=DD=C8=D5=C6=DA=BC=C6=CB=E3=D7=DC=D0=BD=CB=AE=B5=
=C4=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=BF=C9=D2=D4=B1=E9=C0=FA=D0=BD=CB=AE=B2=E1=D6=D0=
=B5=C4=CB=F9=D3=D0=C8=CB=D4=B1=A3=AC=B7=D6=B1=F0=B5=F7=D3=C3=C6=E4 <FONT =

      color=3D#0000ff>compensationToDate</FONT>=20
      =
=B7=BD=B7=A8=B2=A2=B6=D4=B7=B5=BB=D8=B5=C4=BD=E1=B9=FB=C7=F3=BA=CD=A3=AC=B6=
=F8=CE=DE=D0=E8=B9=D8=D0=C4=B4=CB=C8=CB=CE=AA=C8=AB=D6=B0=A3=AC=BC=E6=D6=B0=
=A3=AC=BB=F2=B3=D0=B0=FC=C8=CB=A1=A3=BF=AA=B7=A2=D5=DF=BF=C9=D2=D4=D0=DE=B8=
=C4=C8=CE=D2=E2=C0=E0=B5=C4 <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>compensationToDate</FONT> =
=B7=BD=B7=A8=B5=C4=CA=B5=CF=D6=A3=AC=B6=F8=B2=BB=BB=E1=B6=D4=B7=BD=B7=A8=B5=
=C4=B5=F7=D3=C3=D5=DF=B2=FA=C9=FA=D3=B0=CF=EC=A1=A3<SPAN=20
      style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: =
#ffff00">=C0=FD=C8=E7=A3=AC=BF=AA=B7=A2=D5=DF=BF=C9=D2=D4=CF=F2=D2=D1=D3=D0=
=C0=E0=D6=D0=CC=ED=BC=D3=D7=D6=B6=CE=A1=A3</SPAN><BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">292</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3De.24.2.2.5></A>Overview of the Java Virtual Machine=20
    (JVM)</H3></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3Dc.24.2.2.5></A>24.2.2.5 Java =
=D0=E9=C4=E2=BB=FA[JVM]=B8=C5=CA=F6</H3></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">293</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">As =
with other <SPAN=20
      style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">high-level</SPAN> computer =
languages,=20
      Java source compiles to <SPAN=20
      style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">low-level</SPAN> instructions. =
In Java,=20
      these instructions are known as bytecodes (because their size is =
uniformly=20
      one byte of storage). Most other languages=A1=AAsuch as =
C=A1=AAcompile to=20
      computer-specific instructions, such as instructions specific to =
an Intel=20
      or HP processor. Java source compiles to a standard, =
platform-independent=20
      set of bytecodes, which interacts with a Java Virtual Machine =
(JVM). The=20
      JVM is a separate program that is optimized for the specific =
platform on=20
      which you run your Java code.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">=D3=EB=C6=E4=CB=FB<SPAN=20
      style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: =
#ffff00">=B8=DF=BD=D7</SPAN>=A3=A8high-level=A3=A9=BC=C6=CB=E3=BB=FA=D3=EF=
=D1=D4=B2=BB=CD=AC=A3=ACJava=20
      =D4=B4=B4=FA=C2=EB=BD=AB=B1=BB=B1=E0=D2=EB=CE=AA<SPAN=20
      style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: =
#ffff00">=B5=CD=BD=D7</SPAN>=A3=A8low-level=A3=A9=D6=B8=C1=EE[instruction=
]=A1=A3=D4=DA=20
      Java =
=D6=D0=A3=AC=D5=E2=D6=D6=D6=B8=C1=EE=B1=BB=B3=C6=CE=AA=D7=D6=BD=DA=C2=EB[=
bytecode]=A3=A8=D2=F2=CE=AA=D5=E2=D6=D6=D6=B8=C1=EE=B5=C4=B4=E6=B4=A2=C8=DD=
=C1=BF=BE=F9=CE=AA=D2=BB=D7=D6=BD=DA=A3=A9=A1=A3C=20
      =
=D6=AE=C0=E0=B5=C4=B1=E0=B3=CC=D3=EF=D1=D4=D3=EF=D1=D4=D4=DA=B2=BB=CD=AC=CC=
=E5=CF=B5=BD=E1=B9=B9=B5=C4=BC=C6=CB=E3=BB=FA=C9=CF=BD=AB=B1=BB=B1=E0=D2=EB=
=CE=AA=B2=BB=CD=AC=B5=C4=D6=B8=C1=EE=A3=AC=C0=FD=C8=E7 Intel =BB=F2 HP =
=B4=A6=C0=ED=C6=F7=CC=D8=D3=D0=B5=C4=D6=B8=C1=EE=A1=A3=B6=F8 Java=20
      =
=D4=B4=B4=FA=C2=EB=BD=AB=B1=BB=B1=E0=D2=EB=CE=AA=B1=EA=D7=BC=B5=C4=A3=AC=D3=
=EB=C6=BD=CC=A8=CE=DE=B9=D8=B5=C4=D7=D6=BD=DA=C2=EB=A3=AC=D5=E2=D6=D6=D7=D6=
=BD=DA=C2=EB=D4=CB=D0=D0=D4=DA Java =D0=E9=C4=E2=BB=FA[Java Virtual =
Machine=A3=ACJVM]=D6=AE=C9=CF=A1=A3JVM=20
      =
=CA=C7=D2=BB=D6=D6=CC=D8=CA=E2=B5=C4=B3=CC=D0=F2=A3=AC=B6=D4=CC=D8=B6=A8=C6=
=BD=CC=A8=BD=F8=D0=D0=C1=CB=D3=C5=BB=AF=A3=AC=B9=A9=D3=C3=BB=A7=D6=B4=D0=D0=
 Java =B4=FA=C2=EB=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">294</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%"><A=20
      =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#e.f.24.7"=20
      target=3D_self>Figure 24-7</A> illustrates how Java can maintain =
platform=20
      independence. Java source is compiled into bytecodes, which are =
platform=20
      independent. Each platform has installed a JVM that is specific to =
its=20
      operating system. The Java bytecodes from your source get =
interpreted=20
      through the JVM into appropriate platform dependent =
actions.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%"><A=20
      =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#c.f.24.7"=20
      target=3D_self>=CD=BC 24-7</A> =CF=D4=CA=BE=C1=CB Java =
=C8=E7=BA=CE=B1=A3=D6=A4=C6=BD=CC=A8=B6=C0=C1=A2=D0=D4=A1=A3Java=20
      =
=D4=B4=B4=FA=C2=EB=B1=BB=B1=E0=D2=EB=CE=AA=D3=EB=C6=BD=CC=A8=B6=C0=C1=A2=B5=
=C4=D7=D6=BD=DA=C2=EB=A1=A3=B2=BB=CD=AC=B5=C4=C6=BD=CC=A8=C9=CF=BE=F9=B0=B2=
=D7=B0=D3=EB=D6=AE=B2=D9=D7=F7=CF=B5=CD=B3=B6=D4=D3=A6=B5=C4 =
JVM=A1=A3JVM =BD=AB Java=20
      =
=D4=B4=B4=FA=C2=EB=B1=E0=D2=EB=B3=C9=B5=C4=D7=D6=BD=DA=C2=EB=BD=E2=CA=CD=CE=
=AA=CC=D8=B6=A8=C6=BD=CC=A8=C9=CF=B5=C4=B2=D9=D7=F7=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD><=
/TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">295</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%"><I><B><FONT=20
      size=3D2><A name=3De.f.24.7></A>Figure 24-7 Java Component=20
      Structure<BR>=A1=A1</FONT></B></I></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%"><I><B><FONT size=3D2><A=20
      name=3Dc.f.24.7></A>=CD=BC 24-7 Java =
=D7=E9=BC=FE=BD=E1=B9=B9<BR>=A1=A1</FONT></B></I></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">296</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <P align=3Dcenter><A=20
      =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/img=
/e.cncpt205.gif"><IMG=20
      height=3D258=20
      =
src=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/img/=
e.cncpt205.gif"=20
      width=3D138 border=3D0></A><BR>=A1=A1</P></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <P align=3Dcenter><A=20
      =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/img=
/c.cncpt205.gif"><IMG=20
      height=3D258=20
      =
src=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/img/=
c.cncpt205.gif"=20
      width=3D138 border=3D0></A><BR>=A1=A1</P></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">297</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><FONT size=3D2>Figure 24-7 shows three boxes in a =
vertical=20
        line. Java Applications is in the top box, Java Virtual Machine =
is in=20
        the middle box, and Operating System is in the bottom box. There =
is a=20
        double arrow pointing between each box.</FONT></BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><FONT size=3D2>=CD=BC 24-7 =
=CF=D4=CA=BE=C1=CB=C8=FD=B8=F6=B4=B9=D6=B1=C5=C5=C1=D0=B5=C4=B3=A4=B7=BD=D0=
=CE=A1=A3Java =D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=CE=BB=D3=DA=B6=A5=B6=CB=A3=ACJava =

        =
=D0=E9=C4=E2=BB=FA=D4=DA=D6=D0=BC=E4=A3=AC=B2=D9=D7=F7=CF=B5=CD=B3=CE=BB=D3=
=DA=B5=D7=B6=CB=A1=A3=CF=E0=C1=DA=B3=A4=B7=BD=D0=CE=BC=E4=D3=C9=CB=AB=CF=F2=
=BC=FD=CD=B7=C1=AC=BD=D3=A1=A3</FONT></BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">298</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">When =
you develop a=20
      Java program, you use predefined core class libraries written in =
the Java=20
      language. The Java core class libraries are logically divided into =

      packages that provide commonly-used functionality, such as basic =
language=20
      support (<FONT color=3D#0000ff>java.lang</FONT>), I/O (<FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>java.io</FONT>), and network access (<FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>java.net</FONT>). Together, the JVM and core class =
libraries=20
      provide a platform on which Java programmers can develop with the=20
      confidence that any hardware and operating system that supports =
Java will=20
      execute their program. This concept is what drives the "write =
once, run=20
      anywhere" idea of Java.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=B5=B1=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=AA=B7=A2 Java =
=B3=CC=D0=F2=CA=B1=A3=AC=D0=E8=D2=AA=CA=B9=D3=C3=D2=D4 Java=20
      =D3=EF=D1=D4=B1=E0=D0=B4=B5=C4=BA=CB=D0=C4=C0=E0=BF=E2[core class =
library]=A1=A3Java=20
      =
=BA=CB=D0=C4=C0=E0=BF=E2=D4=DA=C2=DF=BC=AD=C9=CF=B1=BB=B7=D6=CE=AA=B6=E0=B8=
=F6=B0=FC=A3=AC=C3=BF=B8=F6=B0=FC=CC=E1=B9=A9=D2=BB=D7=E9=CD=A8=D3=C3=B5=C4=
=B9=A6=C4=DC=A3=AC=C0=FD=C8=E7=BB=F9=B1=BE=D3=EF=D1=D4=D6=A7=B3=D6=A3=A8<=
FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>java.lang</FONT>=A3=A9=A3=ACI/O=A3=A8<FONT=20
      =
color=3D#0000ff>java.io</FONT>=A3=A9=A3=AC=BC=B0=CD=F8=C2=E7=B7=C3=CE=CA=B5=
=C8=A3=A8<FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>java.net</FONT>=A3=A9=A1=A3JVM =
=D3=EB=BA=CB=D0=C4=C0=E0=BF=E2=B9=B2=CD=AC=B9=B9=B3=C9=D2=BB=B8=F6=C6=BD=CC=
=A8=A3=ACJava=20
      =
=B3=CC=D0=F2=D4=B1=D4=DA=B4=CB=BB=F9=B4=A1=C9=CF=BF=AA=B7=A2=B5=C4=B3=CC=D0=
=F2=BF=C9=D2=D4=D4=CB=D0=D0=D3=DA=C8=CE=BA=CE=D6=A7=B3=D6 Java =
=B5=C4=D3=B2=BC=FE=BC=B0=B2=D9=D7=F7=CF=B5=CD=B3=C9=CF=A1=A3=D5=E2=CC=E5=CF=
=D6=C1=CB =
Java=A1=B0=D2=BB=B4=CE=B1=E0=D0=B4=A3=AC=CB=E6=B4=A6=D4=CB=D0=D0=A1=B1=B5=
=C4=C0=ED=C4=EE=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">299</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%"><A=20
      =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#e.f.24.8"=20
      target=3D_self>Figure 24-8</A> illustrates how Oracle's Java =
applications=20
      sit on top of the Java core class libraries, which in turn sit on =
top of=20
      the JVM. Because Oracle's Java support system is located within =
the=20
      database, the JVM interacts with the Oracle database libraries, =
instead of=20
      directly with the operating system.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%"><A=20
      =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#c.f.24.8"=20
      target=3D_self>=CD=BC 24-8</A> =CF=D4=CA=BE=C1=CB Oracle Java =
=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=B9=B9=BD=A8=D3=DA Java =
=BA=CB=D0=C4=C0=E0=BF=E2=D6=AE=C9=CF=A3=AC=B6=F8=BA=F3=D5=DF=D3=D6=D4=CB=D0=
=D0=D4=DA JVM=20
      =C9=CF=A1=A3=D3=C9=D3=DA Oracle =B5=C4 Java =
=D6=A7=B3=D6=D7=E9=BC=FE=C4=DA=BD=A8=D3=DA=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=D6=D0=A3=AC=D2=
=F2=B4=CB JVM =D3=EB Oracle =CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B3=CC=D0=F2=BF=E2[Oracle =
database=20
      =
library]=BD=BB=BB=A5=A3=AC=B6=F8=B7=C7=D6=B1=BD=D3=D3=EB=B2=D9=D7=F7=CF=B5=
=CD=B3=BD=BB=BB=A5=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">300</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%"><A=20
      name=3De.f.24.8></A><I><B><FONT size=3D2>Figure 24-8 Java =
Component=20
      Structure<BR>=A1=A1</FONT></B></I></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%"><A =
name=3Dc.f.24.8></A><I><B><FONT=20
      size=3D2>=CD=BC 24-8 Java =
=D7=E9=BC=FE=BD=E1=B9=B9</FONT></B></I></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">301</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <P align=3Dcenter><A=20
      =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/img=
/e.cncpt206.gif"><IMG=20
      height=3D387=20
      =
src=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/img/=
e.cncpt206.gif"=20
      width=3D204 border=3D0></A><BR>=A1=A1</P></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <P align=3Dcenter><A=20
      =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/img=
/c.cncpt206.gif"><IMG=20
      height=3D387=20
      =
src=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/img/=
c.cncpt206.gif"=20
      width=3D204 border=3D0></A><BR>=A1=A1</P></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">302</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><FONT size=3D2>Figure 24-8 shows six boxes in a =
vertical line:=20
        Data/Persistence Logic, JDBC, Java Core Class Libraries, Oracle =
Database=20
        JVM, Oracle Database Libraries, and Operating System. JDBC and =
Java Core=20
        Class Libraries are boxed together.</FONT></BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><FONT size=3D2>=CD=BC 24-8 =
=CF=D4=CA=BE=C1=CB=C1=F9=B8=F6=B4=B9=D6=B1=C5=C5=C1=D0=B5=C4=B3=A4=B7=BD=D0=
=CE=A3=AC=D3=C9=C9=CF=D6=C1=CF=C2=D2=C0=B4=CE=CE=AA=A3=BA=CA=FD=BE=DD/=B3=
=D6=BE=C3=D0=D4=C2=DF=BC=AD=A3=ACJDBC=A3=ACJava=20
        =BA=CB=D0=C4=C0=E0=BF=E2=A3=ACOracle =CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2 =
JVM=A3=ACOracle =
=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B3=CC=D0=F2=BF=E2=A3=AC=BC=B0=B2=D9=D7=F7=CF=B5=CD=B3=A1=
=A3JDBC =D3=EB Java=20
        =
=BA=CB=D0=C4=C0=E0=BF=E2=B1=BB=D2=BB=B8=F6=B3=A4=B7=BD=D0=CE=CD=AC=CA=B1=B0=
=FC=BA=AC=A1=A3</FONT></BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">303</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Sun =
Microsystems=20
      furnishes publicly available specifications for both the Java =
language and=20
      the JVM. The Java Language Specification (JLS) defines things such =
as=20
      syntax and semantics; the JVM specification defines the necessary =
<SPAN=20
      style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">low-level behavior</SPAN> for =
the=20
      computer that runs the bytecodes. In addition, Sun Microsystems =
provides a=20
      compatibility test suite for JVM implementors to determine if they =
have=20
      complied with the specifications. This test suite is known as the =
Java=20
      Compatibility Kit (JCK). Oracle's JVM implementation complies =
fully with=20
      JCK. Part of the overall Java strategy is that an openly specified =

      standard, together with a simple way to verify compliance with =
that=20
      standard, allows vendors to offer uniform support for Java across =
all=20
      platforms.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Sun =
=CE=A2=CF=B5=CD=B3=B9=AB=CB=BE[Sun =
Microsystems]=D2=D1=BE=AD=B9=AB=BF=AA=B7=A2=B2=BC=C1=CB=20
      Java =D3=EF=D1=D4=BC=B0 JVM =B5=C4=B9=E6=B7=B6=A1=A3Java =
=D3=EF=D1=D4=B9=E6=B7=B6[Java Language =
Specification=A3=ACJLS]=B6=A8=D2=E5=C1=CB Java=20
      =B5=C4=D3=EF=B7=A8=BC=B0=D3=EF=D2=E5=A3=BB=B6=F8 JVM =
=B9=E6=B7=B6=D4=F2=B6=A8=D2=E5=C1=CB=D4=CB=D0=D0=D7=D6=BD=DA=C2=EB=B5=C4=BC=
=C6=CB=E3=BB=FA=B1=D8=D0=EB=BE=DF=B1=B8=B5=C4=B5=CD=BD=D7=D0=D0=CE=AA[low=
-level behavior]=A1=A3=B4=CB=CD=E2=A3=ACSun=20
      =
=CE=A2=CF=B5=CD=B3=B9=AB=CB=BE=BB=B9=CC=E1=B9=A9=C1=CB=BC=E6=C8=DD=D0=D4=B2=
=E2=CA=D4=CC=D7=BC=FE=A3=AC=B9=A9 JVM =
=BF=AA=B7=A2=D5=DF=B2=E2=CA=D4=C6=E4=B2=FA=C6=B7=CA=C7=B7=F1=B7=FB=BA=CF=B9=
=E6=B7=B6=D2=AA=C7=F3=A1=A3=D5=E2=B8=F6=B2=E2=CA=D4=CC=D7=BC=FE=B1=BB=B3=C6=
=CE=AA Java =BC=E6=C8=DD=D0=D4=B9=A4=BE=DF=B0=FC[Java=20
      Compatibility Kit=A3=ACJCK]=A1=A3Oracle =B5=C4 JVM =
=CA=B5=CF=D6=CD=EA=C8=AB=CD=A8=B9=FD=C1=CB JCK =
=B5=C4=B2=E2=CA=D4=A1=A3Java=20
      =
=B5=C4=D2=BB=B8=F6=BB=F9=B1=BE=C0=ED=C4=EE=BE=CD=CA=C7=CC=E1=B9=A9=D2=BB=B8=
=F6=B9=AB=BF=AA=B5=C4=B1=EA=D7=BC=A3=AC=B2=A2=CC=E1=B9=A9=D2=BB=B8=F6=D1=E9=
=D6=A4=CA=C7=B7=F1=C2=FA=D7=E3=B1=EA=D7=BC=B5=C4=BC=F2=B5=A5=B7=BD=B7=A8=A3=
=AC=C8=B7=B1=A3=B5=DA=C8=FD=B7=BD=B3=A7=C9=CC=D4=DA=B8=F7=D6=D6=C6=BD=CC=A8=
=C9=CF=BE=F9=C4=DC=CA=B5=CF=D6=B7=FB=BA=CF=B1=EA=D7=BC=B5=C4 Java=20
    =BB=B7=BE=B3=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">304</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3De.24.2.2.6></A>Why Use Java in Oracle?</H3></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3Dc.24.2.2.6></A>24.2.2.6 =CE=AA=BA=CE=D4=DA Oracle =
=D6=D0=CA=B9=D3=C3 Java=A3=BF</H3></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">305</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">You =
can write and=20
      load Java applications within the database, because it is a safe =
language.=20
      Java prevents anyone from tampering with the operating system that =
the=20
      Java code resides in. Some languages, such as C, can introduce =
security=20
      problems within the database; Java, because of its design, is a =
safe=20
      language to allow within the database.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=D2=D4=D4=DA=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=D6=D0=BF=AA=
=B7=A2=B2=A2=BC=D3=D4=D8 Java =D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=A3=AC=D2=F2=CE=AA =
Java=20
      =CA=C7=D2=BB=D6=D6=B0=B2=C8=AB=B5=C4=D3=EF=D1=D4=A1=A3Java =
=B3=CC=D0=F2=B4=FA=C2=EB=D4=CB=D0=D0=CA=B1=B2=BB=BB=E1=D3=B0=CF=EC=C6=E4=CB=
=F9=D4=DA=B5=C4=B2=D9=D7=F7=CF=B5=CD=B3=A1=A3=B6=F8=D3=D0=D0=A9=D3=EF=D1=D4=
=A3=AC=C0=FD=C8=E7 C =
=D3=EF=D1=D4=A3=AC=BF=C9=C4=DC=BB=E1=B8=F8=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B4=F8=C0=B4=B0=
=B2=C8=AB=CE=CA=CC=E2=A1=A3Java=20
      =
=B5=C4=C9=E8=BC=C6=CB=BC=CF=EB=C8=B7=B1=A3=C1=CB=CB=FD=CA=C7=D2=BB=D6=D6=C4=
=DC=B9=BB=B1=A3=D6=A4=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B0=B2=C8=AB=B5=C4=D3=EF=D1=D4=A1=A3=
<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">306</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Although Java=20
      presents many advantages to developers, providing an =
implementation of a=20
      JVM that supports Java server applications in a scalable manner is =
a=20
      challenge. This section discusses some of these challenges.
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#e.24.2.2.6.1"=20
        target=3D_self>Multithreading</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#e.24.2.2.6.2"=20
        target=3D_self>Automated Storage Management</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#e.24.2.2.6.3"=20
        target=3D_self>Footprint</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#e.24.2.2.6.4"=20
        target=3D_self>Performance</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#e.24.2.2.6.5"=20
        target=3D_self>Dynamic Class Loading</A> </LI></UL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Java =
=C4=DC=B9=BB=CE=AA=BF=AA=B7=A2=D5=DF=CC=E1=B9=A9=BA=DC=B6=E0=B0=EF=D6=FA=A3=
=AC=B5=AB=C8=E7=BA=CE=CC=E1=B9=A9=D2=BB=B8=F6=D2=D4=BF=C9=C9=EC=CB=F5=B7=BD=
=CA=BD=D6=A7=B3=D6=20
      Java =B7=FE=CE=F1=B6=CB=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=B5=C4 JVM =
=CA=B5=CF=D6=CA=C7=D2=BB=B8=F6=C4=D1=B5=E3=A1=A3=B1=BE=BD=DA=BD=AB=CC=D6=C2=
=DB=D3=EB=B4=CB=CF=E0=B9=D8=B5=C4=CE=CA=CC=E2=A1=A3
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#c.24.2.2.6.1"=20
        target=3D_self>=B6=E0=CF=DF=B3=CC</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#c.24.2.2.6.2"=20
        target=3D_self>=D7=D4=B6=AF=B4=E6=B4=A2=B9=DC=C0=ED</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#c.24.2.2.6.3"=20
        target=3D_self>=BF=D5=BC=E4=CA=B9=D3=C3</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#c.24.2.2.6.4"=20
        target=3D_self>=D0=D4=C4=DC</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#c.24.2.2.6.5"=20
        target=3D_self>=B6=AF=CC=AC=C0=E0=BC=D3=D4=D8</A> =
</LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">307</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3De.24.2.2.6.1></A>Multithreading</H4></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3Dc.24.2.2.6.1></A>24.2.2.6.1 =
=B6=E0=CF=DF=B3=CC</H4></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">308</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Multithreading=20
      support is often cited as one of the key scalability features of =
Java.=20
      Certainly, the Java language and class libraries make it simpler =
to write=20
      shared server applications in Java than many other languages, but =
it is=20
      still a daunting task in any language to write reliable, scalable =
shared=20
      server code.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=B6=E0=CF=DF=B3=CC[multithreading]=D6=A7=B3=D6=CA=C7 Java=20
      =
=D6=D0=D2=BB=CF=EE=D6=D8=D2=AA=B5=C4=BF=C9=C9=EC=CB=F5=CC=D8=D0=D4=A1=A3J=
ava =
=D3=EB=C6=E4=CB=FB=D3=EF=D1=D4=CF=E0=B1=C8=A3=AC=BF=AA=B7=A2=D5=DF=C0=FB=D3=
=C3=C6=E4=D3=EF=D1=D4=CC=D8=D0=D4=BA=CD=C0=E0=BF=E2=B8=FC=D2=D7=D3=DA=B1=E0=
=D0=B4=B9=B2=CF=ED=B7=FE=CE=F1=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2[shared server=20
      =
application]=A3=AC=B5=AB=CA=C7=D2=D4=C8=CE=BA=CE=D3=EF=D1=D4=CA=B5=CF=D6=D2=
=BB=B8=F6=BF=C9=C9=EC=CB=F5=A3=AC=C7=D2=BF=C9=BF=BF=B5=C4=B9=B2=CF=ED=B7=FE=
=CE=F1=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=B6=BC=CA=C7=D2=BB=B8=F6=C0=A7=C4=D1=B5=C4=C8=
=CE=CE=F1=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">309</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">As a =
database=20
      server, Oracle efficiently schedules work for thousands of users. =
The=20
      Oracle JVM uses the facilities of the RDBMS server to concurrently =

      schedule Java execution for thousands of users. Although Oracle =
supports=20
      Java language level threads required by the JLS and JCK, using =
threads=20
      within the scope of the database does not increase scalability. =
Using the=20
      embedded scalability of the database eliminates the need for =
writing=20
      shared server Java servers. You should use the database's =
facilities for=20
      scheduling users by writing single-threaded Java applications. The =

      database takes care of the scheduling between each application; =
thus, you=20
      achieve scalability without having to manage threads. You can =
still write=20
      shared server Java applications, but multiple Java threads does =
not=20
      increase your server's performance.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D7=F7=CE=AA=D2=BB=B8=F6=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B7=FE=CE=F1=C6=F7=
=A3=ACOracle=20
      =
=C4=DC=B9=BB=B8=DF=D0=A7=B5=D8=B5=F7=B6=C8=B4=F3=C1=BF=D3=C3=BB=A7=B5=C4=B2=
=D9=D7=F7=A1=A3Oracle JVM =C4=DC=B9=BB=C0=FB=D3=C3 RDBMS =
=B7=FE=CE=F1=C6=F7=B5=C4=B9=A6=C4=DC=B2=A2=B7=A2=B5=D8=B5=F7=B6=C8=B4=F3=C1=
=BF=D3=C3=BB=A7=B5=C4 Java =D6=B4=D0=D0=B2=D9=D7=F7=A1=A3Oracle =
=D6=A7=B3=D6=20
      Java =
=D3=EF=D1=D4=B9=E6=B7=B6=D6=D0=B5=C4=B6=E0=CF=DF=B3=CC=CC=D8=D0=D4=A3=AC=C7=
=D2=C2=FA=D7=E3 JLS =BC=B0 JCK=20
      =
=B5=C4=D2=AA=C7=F3=A3=AC=B5=AB=D4=DA=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=C4=DA=BD=F8=D0=D0=B6=
=E0=CF=DF=B3=CC=D6=B4=D0=D0=B2=A2=B2=BB=C4=DC=D4=F6=BC=D3=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=
=D0=F2=B5=C4=BF=C9=C9=EC=CB=F5=D0=D4=A1=A3=BF=AA=B7=A2=D5=DF=D3=A6=B8=C3=CA=
=B9=D3=C3=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=CC=E1=B9=A9=B5=C4=BF=C9=C9=EC=CB=F5=CC=D8=D0=D4=
=A3=AC=B1=DC=C3=E2=B1=E0=D0=B4=B9=B2=CF=ED=B7=FE=CE=F1=B5=C4 Java=20
      =
=B7=FE=CE=F1=B6=CB=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=A1=A3=BF=AA=B7=A2=D5=DF=D3=A6=B8=
=C3=B1=E0=D0=B4=B5=A5=CF=DF=B3=CC=B5=C4 Java =
=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=A3=AC=D4=D9=C0=FB=D3=C3=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B5=C4=BF=
=C9=C9=EC=CB=F5=CC=D8=D0=D4=B5=F7=B6=C8=B4=F3=C1=BF=D3=C3=BB=A7=B6=D4=B5=A5=
=CF=DF=B3=CC Java=20
      =
=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=B5=C4=B2=A2=D0=D0=D6=B4=D0=D0=A1=A3=B4=CB=CA=B1=CA=
=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B8=BA=D4=F0=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=B5=C4=B5=F7=B6=C8=A3=AC=
=BC=B4=BF=AA=B7=A2=D5=DF=CE=DE=D0=E8=CD=A8=B9=FD=B6=E0=CF=DF=B3=CC=BE=CD=C4=
=DC=CA=B5=CF=D6=BF=C9=C9=EC=CB=F5=D0=D4=A1=A3=CB=E4=C8=BB=BF=AA=B7=A2=D5=DF=
=BF=C9=D2=D4=B1=E0=D0=B4=B9=B2=CF=ED=B7=FE=CE=F1=B5=C4 Java=20
      =
=B7=FE=CE=F1=B6=CB=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=A3=AC=B5=AB=D5=E2=D1=F9=B5=C4=B3=
=CC=D0=F2=CE=DE=B7=A8=CC=E1=B8=DF=CF=B5=CD=B3=B5=C4=D5=FB=CC=E5=D0=D4=C4=DC=
=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">310</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">One =
difficulty=20
      multithreading imposes on Java is the interaction of threads and =
automated=20
      storage management, or garbage collection. The garbage collector =
executing=20
      in a generic JVM has no knowledge of which Java language threads =
are=20
      executing or how the underlying operating system schedules them.
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Non-Oracle model=A1=AAA single =
user maps to a=20
        single Java language level thread; the same single garbage =
collector=20
        manages all garbage from all users. Different techniques =
typically deal=20
        with allocation and collection of objects of varying lifetimes =
and=20
        sizes. The result in a heavily shared server application is, at =
best,=20
        dependent upon operating system support for native threads, =
which can be=20
        unreliable and limited in scalability. High levels of =
scalability for=20
        such implementations have not been convincingly demonstrated.=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Oracle JVM model=A1=AAEven =
when thousands of=20
        users connect to the server and run the same Java code, each =
user=20
        experiences it as if he is executing his own Java code on his =
own Java=20
        Virtual Machine. The responsibility of the Oracle JVM is to make =
use of=20
        operating system processes and threads, using the scalable =
approach of=20
        the Oracle RDBMS. As a result of this approach, the JVM's =
garbage=20
        collector is more reliable and efficient because it never =
collects=20
        garbage from more than one user at any time. </LI></UL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">=D4=DA Java=20
      =
=D6=D0=CA=B5=CF=D6=B6=E0=CF=DF=B3=CC=B5=C4=C0=A7=C4=D1=B0=FC=C0=A8=CF=DF=B3=
=CC=BC=E4=B5=C4=BD=BB=BB=A5=D2=D4=BC=B0=D7=D4=B6=AF=B4=E6=B4=A2=B9=DC=C0=ED=
[automated storage =
management]=A3=A8=BB=F2=B3=C6=CE=AA=D7=CA=D4=B4=BB=D8=CA=D5[garbage=20
      collection]=A3=A9=A1=A3=D4=DA JVM =
=D6=D0=D6=B4=D0=D0=B5=C4=D7=CA=D4=B4=BB=D8=CA=D5=C6=F7[garbage =
collector]=CE=DE=B7=A8=C8=B7=B6=A8=B5=B1=C7=B0=C4=C4=D0=A9 Java=20
      =
=CF=DF=B3=CC=D5=FD=D4=DA=D6=B4=D0=D0=A3=AC=D2=D4=BC=B0=B5=D7=B2=E3=B2=D9=D7=
=F7=CF=B5=CD=B3=CA=C7=C8=E7=BA=CE=B5=F7=B6=C8=D5=E2=D0=A9=CF=DF=B3=CC=B5=C4=
=A1=A3
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">=B7=C7 Oracle =
=C4=A3=D0=CD=A1=AA=A1=AA=C3=BF=B8=F6=D3=C3=BB=A7=BE=F9=D3=EB=D2=BB=B8=F6 =
Java=20
        =
=CF=DF=B3=CC=B6=D4=D3=A6=A3=AC=D2=BB=B8=F6=D7=CA=D4=B4=BB=D8=CA=D5=C6=F7=B9=
=DC=C0=ED=CB=F9=D3=D0=B5=C4=D3=C3=BB=A7=D7=CA=D4=B4=A1=A3=D7=CA=D4=B4=BB=D8=
=CA=D5=C6=F7=D0=E8=D2=AA=D2=C0=BE=DD=B6=D4=CF=F3=B5=C4=C9=FA=C3=FC=D6=DC=C6=
=DA=BC=B0=B4=F3=D0=A1=B2=C9=D3=C3=B2=BB=CD=AC=B5=C4=BC=BC=CA=F5=B7=D6=C5=E4=
=BC=B0=BB=D8=CA=D5=B6=D4=CF=F3=D7=CA=D4=B4=A1=A3=D4=DA=D2=BB=B8=F6=B9=B2=CF=
=ED=B7=FE=CE=F1=B5=C4=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=D6=D0=A3=AC=C4=DC=B7=F1=BB=F1=
=B5=C3=D7=EE=BC=D1=D0=D4=C4=DC=D2=C0=C0=B5=D3=DA=B5=D7=B2=E3=B2=D9=D7=F7=CF=
=B5=CD=B3=B6=D4=CF=DF=B3=CC=B5=C4=D6=A7=B3=D6=A3=AC=B6=F8=B2=D9=D7=F7=CF=B5=
=CD=B3=B5=C4=D4=AD=C9=FA=CF=DF=B3=CC=CC=D8=D0=D4=BF=C9=C4=DC=B4=E6=D4=DA=B2=
=BB=BF=C9=BF=BF=BB=F2=C8=B1=B7=A6=BF=C9=C9=EC=CB=F5=D0=D4=B5=C4=CE=CA=CC=E2=
=A1=A3=B2=C9=D3=C3=D5=E2=D6=D6=B7=BD=CA=BD=CA=B5=CF=D6=B5=C4=B9=B2=CF=ED=B7=
=FE=CE=F1=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=B5=C4=BF=C9=C9=EC=CB=F5=D0=D4=CE=DE=B7=A8=
=B1=BB=B1=A3=D6=A4=A1=A3=20

        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Oracle JVM =
=C4=A3=D0=CD=A1=AA=A1=AA=BC=B4=CA=B9=B4=F3=C1=BF=D3=C3=BB=A7=C1=AC=BD=D3=B5=
=BD=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B7=FE=CE=F1=C6=F7=B2=A2=CD=AC=CA=B1=D6=B4=D0=D0=CF=E0=
=CD=AC=B5=C4=20
        Java =
=B4=FA=C2=EB=A3=AC=D4=DA=D0=A7=B9=FB=C9=CF=D3=EB=C3=BF=B8=F6=D3=C3=BB=A7=CA=
=B9=D3=C3=B6=C0=C1=A2=B5=C4 JVM =
=B6=C0=C1=A2=D6=B4=D0=D0=CF=E0=CD=AC=A1=A3Oracle JVM =C0=FB=D3=C3 Oracle =
RDBMS=20
        =
=CA=B5=CF=D6=BF=C9=C9=EC=CB=F5=D0=D4=B5=C4=B7=BD=B7=A8=B9=DC=C0=ED=B2=D9=D7=
=F7=CF=B5=CD=B3=BD=F8=B3=CC=BC=B0=CF=DF=B3=CC=A1=A3=B2=C9=D3=C3=B4=CB=C4=A3=
=D0=CD=CA=B1=A3=ACJVM =
=B5=C4=D7=CA=D4=B4=BB=D8=CA=D5=C6=F7=B9=A4=D7=F7=B8=FC=BF=C9=B8=DF=D2=B2=B8=
=FC=CE=AA=B8=DF=D0=A7=A3=AC=B4=CB=CA=B1=CB=FD=D6=BB=D0=E8=B6=D4=D2=BB=B8=F6=
=D3=C3=BB=A7=B5=C4=D7=CA=D4=B4=BD=F8=D0=D0=B9=DC=C0=ED=A1=A3=20
      </LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">311</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3De.24.2.2.6.2></A>Automated Storage =
Management</H4></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3Dc.24.2.2.6.2></A>24.2.2.6.2 =
=D7=D4=B6=AF=B4=E6=B4=A2=B9=DC=C0=ED</H4></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">312</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Garbage collection=20
      is a major feature of Java's automated storage management, =
eliminating the=20
      need for Java developers to allocate and free memory explicitly.=20
      Consequently, this eliminates a large source of memory leaks that =
commonly=20
      plague C and C++ programs. There is a price for such a benefit: =
garbage=20
      collection contributes to the overhead of program execution speed =
and=20
      footprint. Although many papers have been written qualifying and=20
      quantifying the trade-off, the overall cost is reasonable, =
considering the=20
      alternatives.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D7=CA=D4=B4=BB=D8=CA=D5[garbage collection]=CA=C7 Java=20
      =
=D6=D0=D2=BB=CF=EE=D6=D8=D2=AA=B5=C4=D7=D4=B6=AF=B4=E6=B4=A2=B9=DC=C0=ED[=
automated storage management]=CC=D8=D0=D4=A3=AC=B4=CB=CC=D8=D0=D4=CA=B9 =
Java=20
      =
=BF=AA=B7=A2=D5=DF=B2=BB=B1=D8=CF=D4=CA=BD=B5=D8=B7=D6=C5=E4=BC=B0=CA=CD=B7=
=C5=C4=DA=B4=E6=A1=A3=D5=E2=CF=FB=B3=FD=C1=CB C =BC=B0 C++ =
=B3=CC=D0=F2=D6=D0=B3=A3=BC=FB=B5=C4=C4=DA=B4=E6=D0=B9=C2=A9[memory=20
      =
leak]=CE=CA=CC=E2=A1=A3=B5=AB=B4=CB=CC=D8=D0=D4=D2=B2=B4=F8=C0=B4=C1=CB=B6=
=EE=CD=E2=B5=C4=CE=CA=CC=E2=A3=BA=D7=CA=D4=B4=BB=D8=CA=D5=BD=AB=D3=B0=CF=EC=
=B3=CC=D0=F2=B5=C4=D6=B4=D0=D0=CB=D9=B6=C8=BC=B0=BF=D5=BC=E4=CA=B9=D3=C3=A1=
=A3=BE=A1=B9=DC=D3=D0=D0=ED=B6=E0=CE=C4=D5=C2=D4=DA=D5=F9=C2=DB=D7=CA=D4=B4=
=BB=D8=CA=D5=BB=FA=D6=C6=B5=C4=D3=C5=C1=D3=A3=AC=B5=AB=D3=EB=C6=E4=CB=FB=BB=
=FA=D6=C6=CF=E0=B1=C8=D7=CA=D4=B4=BB=D8=CA=D5=20
      =
=D4=EC=B3=C9=B5=C4=BF=AA=CF=FA=BB=B9=CA=C7=BF=C9=BD=D3=CA=DC=B5=C4=A1=A3<=
BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">313</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Garbage collection=20
      imposes a challenge to the JVM developer seeking to supply a =
highly=20
      scalable and fast Java platform. The Oracle JVM meets these =
challenges in=20
      the following ways:
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">The Oracle JVM uses the Oracle =

        scheduling facilities, which can manage multiple users =
efficiently.=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Garbage collection is performs =

        consistently for multiple users because garbage collection is =
focused on=20
        a single user within a single session. The Oracle JVM enjoys a =
huge=20
        advantage because the burden and complexity of the memory =
manager's job=20
        does not increase as the number of users increases. The memory =
manager=20
        performs the allocation and collection of objects within a =
single=20
        session=A1=AAwhich typically translates to the activity of a =
single user.=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">The Oracle JVM uses different =
garbage=20
        collection techniques depending on the type of memory used. =
These=20
        techniques provide high efficiency and low overhead. =
</LI></UL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">=B6=D4=D3=DA=D4=DA JVM=20
      =
=C9=CF=BF=AA=B7=A2=BE=DF=B1=B8=B8=DF=BF=C9=C9=EC=CB=F5=D0=D4=BC=B0=B8=DF=D0=
=D4=C4=DC=D3=A6=D3=C3=B5=C4=BF=AA=B7=A2=D5=DF=C0=B4=CB=B5=A3=AC=B1=D8=D0=EB=
=BD=E2=BE=F6=D7=CA=D4=B4=BB=D8=CA=D5=B4=F8=C0=B4=B5=C4=CE=CA=CC=E2=A1=A3O=
racle JVM =
=CD=A8=B9=FD=D2=D4=CF=C2=B7=BD=CA=BD=B0=EF=D6=FA=BF=AA=B7=A2=D5=DF=BD=E2=BE=
=F6=D7=CA=D4=B4=BB=D8=CA=D5=CE=CA=CC=E2=A3=BA
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Oracle JVM =C0=FB=D3=C3 Oracle =

        =
=CC=E1=B9=A9=B5=C4=B5=F7=B6=C8=B9=A6=C4=DC=A3=AC=BF=C9=D2=D4=B8=DF=D0=A7=B5=
=D8=B9=DC=C0=ED=B4=F3=C1=BF=D3=C3=BB=A7=B5=C4=B2=A2=B7=A2=B2=D9=D7=F7=A1=A3=
=20
        <LI=20
        style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=D4=DA=B6=E0=D3=C3=BB=A7=BB=B7=BE=B3=CF=C2=D7=CA=D4=B4=BB=D8=CA=D5=CB=
=E3=B7=A8=C3=BB=D3=D0=B8=B4=D4=D3=BB=AF=A3=AC=D2=F2=CE=AA=D7=CA=D4=B4=BB=D8=
=CA=D5=D6=BB=D5=EB=B6=D4=B5=A5=D2=BB=BB=E1=BB=B0=C4=DA=B5=C4=B5=A5=D2=BB=D3=
=C3=BB=A7=A1=A3=B5=B1=D3=C3=BB=A7=CA=FD=C1=BF=D4=F6=BC=D3=CA=B1=A3=ACOrac=
le=20
        JVM =
=B5=C4=C4=DA=B4=E6=B9=DC=C0=ED=B9=A4=D7=F7=B5=C4=C7=BF=B6=C8=BC=B0=B8=B4=D4=
=D3=D0=D4=B2=BB=BB=E1=D4=F6=BC=D3=A1=A3=C4=DA=B4=E6=B9=DC=C0=ED=C6=F7[mem=
ory=20
        =
manager]=CB=F9=D6=B4=D0=D0=B5=C4=B6=D4=CF=F3=D7=CA=D4=B4=B7=D6=C5=E4=BC=B0=
=BB=D8=CA=D5=B9=A4=D7=F7=D6=BB=D5=EB=B6=D4=B5=A5=D2=BB=BB=E1=BB=B0=A3=A8=CD=
=A8=B3=A3=BF=C9=D2=D4=C0=ED=BD=E2=CE=AA=B5=A5=D2=BB=D3=C3=BB=A7=A3=A9=A1=A3=
=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Oracle JVM=20
        =
=B8=F9=BE=DD=C4=DA=B4=E6=CA=B9=D3=C3=C0=E0=D0=CD=C0=B4=D1=A1=D4=F1=B2=BB=CD=
=AC=B5=C4=D7=CA=D4=B4=BB=D8=CA=D5=BC=BC=CA=F5=A1=A3=D5=E2=D0=A9=BC=BC=CA=F5=
=C4=DC=B9=BB=C8=B7=B1=A3=B8=DF=D0=A7=BC=B0=B5=CD=BF=AA=CF=FA=A1=A3 =
</LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">314</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3De.24.2.2.6.3></A>Footprint</H4></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3Dc.24.2.2.6.3></A>24.2.2.6.3 =
=BF=D5=BC=E4=CA=B9=D3=C3</H4></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">315</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">The =
footprint of an=20
      executing Java program is affected by many factors:
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Size of the program =
itself=A1=AAhow many=20
        classes and methods and how much code they contain.=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Complexity of the =
program=A1=AAthe amount of=20
        core class libraries that the Oracle JVM uses as the program =
runs, as=20
        opposed to the program itself.=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Amount of state the JVM =
uses=A1=AAhow many=20
        objects the JVM allocates, how large they are, and how many must =
be=20
        retained across calls.=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Ability of the garbage =
collector and=20
        memory manager to deal with the demands of the executing =
program, which=20
        is often non-deterministic. The speed with which objects are =
allocated=20
        and the way they are held on to by other objects influences the=20
        importance of this factor. </LI></UL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">=D6=B4=D0=D0 Java =
=B3=CC=D0=F2=CA=B1=B5=C4=BF=D5=BC=E4=CA=B9=D3=C3=C7=E9=BF=F6=CA=DC=B6=E0=D6=
=D6=D2=F2=CB=D8=D3=B0=CF=EC=A3=BA
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=B3=CC=D0=F2=D7=D4=C9=ED=B5=C4=B4=F3=D0=A1=A1=AA=A1=AA=B3=CC=D0=F2=B6=
=A8=D2=E5=C1=CB=B6=E0=C9=D9=B8=F7=C0=E0=A3=AC=C0=E0=D6=D0=B6=A8=D2=E5=B5=C4=
=B7=BD=B7=A8=D2=D4=BC=B0=B4=FA=C2=EB=C1=BF.=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=B3=CC=D0=F2=B5=C4=B8=B4=D4=D3=B3=CC=B6=C8=A1=AA=A1=AA=B3=FD=B3=CC=D0=
=F2=D7=D4=C9=ED=CD=E2=A3=AC=B3=CC=D0=F2=D4=CB=D0=D0=CA=B1 Oracle JVM=20
        =D0=E8=D2=AA=CA=B9=D3=C3=B5=C4=BA=CB=D0=C4=C0=E0=BF=E2=A1=A3=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">JVM =
=D0=E8=D2=AA=B1=A3=B4=E6=B5=C4=D7=B4=CC=AC=D0=C5=CF=A2=A1=AA=A1=AAJVM=20
        =
=C4=DA=D0=E8=D2=AA=B7=D6=C5=E4=B5=C4=B6=D4=CF=F3=CA=FD=A3=AC=B6=D4=CF=F3=B5=
=C4=B4=F3=D0=A1=A3=AC=B6=D4=CF=F3=BC=E4=CF=E0=BB=A5=B5=F7=D3=C3=CA=B1=D0=E8=
=D2=AA=B1=A3=B4=E6=B5=C4=D0=C5=CF=A2=20
        <LI=20
        style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=D7=CA=D4=B4=BB=D8=CA=D5=C6=F7=BC=B0=C4=DA=B4=E6=B9=DC=C0=ED=C6=F7=D3=
=A6=B6=D4=B3=CC=D0=F2=D6=B4=D0=D0=D0=E8=C7=F3=B5=C4=C4=DC=C1=A6=A3=AC=B4=CB=
=D2=F2=CB=D8=CD=A8=B3=A3=C4=D1=D2=D4=C8=B7=B6=A8=A1=A3=B6=D4=CF=F3=B5=C4=B7=
=D6=C5=E4=CB=D9=B6=C8=BC=B0=B6=D4=CF=F3=B5=C4=CA=B9=D3=C3=C7=E9=BF=F6=B6=BC=
=BD=AB=B6=D4=B4=CB=D2=F2=CB=D8=B2=FA=C9=FA=D3=B0=CF=EC=A1=A3=20
        </LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">316</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">From a =
scalability=20
      perspective, the key to supporting many concurrent clients is a =
minimum=20
      user session footprint. The Oracle JVM keeps the user session =
footprint to=20
      a minimum by placing all read-only data for users, such as Java =
bytecodes,=20
      in shared memory. Appropriate garbage collection algorithms are =
applied=20
      against call and session memories to maintain a small footprint =
for the=20
      user's session. The Oracle JVM uses three types of garbage =
collection=20
      algorithms to maintain the user's session memory:
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><SPAN=20
        style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">Generational =
scavenging</SPAN> for=20
        short-lived objects=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><SPAN=20
        style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">Mark and lazy sweep =
collection</SPAN>=20
        for objects that exist for the life of a single call=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><SPAN=20
        style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">Copying collector</SPAN> for =

        long-lived objects=A1=AAobjects that live across calls within a =
session=20
      </LI></UL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft=20
      =
width=3D"48%">=B4=D3=BF=C9=C9=EC=CB=F5=D0=D4=B5=C4=BD=C7=B6=C8=BF=B4=A3=AC=
=D6=A7=B3=D6=B4=F3=C1=BF=B2=A2=B7=A2=BF=CD=BB=A7=B6=CB=B5=C4=B9=D8=BC=FC=CA=
=C7=BC=F5=D0=A1=C3=BF=B8=F6=D3=C3=BB=A7=BB=E1=BB=B0=B5=C4=BF=D5=BC=E4=CA=B9=
=D3=C3=A1=A3Oracle JVM =
=CD=A8=B9=FD=BD=AB=CB=F9=D3=D0=D6=BB=B6=C1=CA=FD=BE=DD=A3=A8=C0=FD=C8=E7 =

      Java=20
      =
=D7=D6=BD=DA=C2=EB=A3=A9=B4=E6=B4=A2=D4=DA=B9=B2=CF=ED=C4=DA=B4=E6=D6=D0=C0=
=B4=CA=B5=CF=D6=D3=C3=BB=A7=BB=E1=BB=B0=BF=D5=BC=E4=CA=B9=D3=C3=D7=EE=D0=A1=
=BB=AF=A1=A3=B4=CB=CD=E2=A3=AC=B6=D4=B5=F7=D3=C3=BC=B0=BB=E1=BB=B0=CA=B9=D3=
=C3=B5=C4=C4=DA=B4=E6=BF=D5=BC=E4=B2=C9=D3=C3=CA=CA=B5=B1=B5=C4=D7=CA=D4=B4=
=BB=D8=CA=D5=CB=E3=B7=A8=D2=B2=D3=D0=D6=FA=D3=DA=BC=F5=D0=A1=D3=C3=BB=A7=BB=
=E1=BB=B0=C4=DA=B4=E6=CA=B9=D3=C3=A1=A3Oracle=20
      JVM =
=CC=E1=B9=A9=C1=CB=C8=FD=D6=D6=D7=CA=D4=B4=BB=D8=CA=D5=CB=E3=B7=A8=B9=DC=C0=
=ED=D3=C3=BB=A7=BB=E1=BB=B0=C4=DA=B4=E6=A3=BA
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><SPAN=20
        style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">Generational=20
        =
scavenging</SPAN>=A1=AA=A1=AA=D5=EB=B6=D4=C9=FA=C3=FC=D6=DC=C6=DA=BD=CF=B6=
=CC=B5=C4=B6=D4=CF=F3=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><SPAN=20
        style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">Mark and lazy sweep=20
        =
collection</SPAN>=A1=AA=A1=AA=D5=EB=B6=D4=B5=A5=B4=CE=B5=F7=D3=C3=C6=DA=BC=
=E4=CA=B9=D3=C3=B5=C4=B6=D4=CF=F3=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><SPAN=20
        style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">Copying=20
        =
collector</SPAN>=A1=AA=A1=AA=D5=EB=B6=D4=C9=FA=C3=FC=D6=DC=C6=DA=BD=CF=B3=
=A4=B5=C4=B6=D4=CF=F3=A3=AC=C0=FD=C8=E7=D4=DA=D5=FB=B8=F6=BB=E1=BB=B0=C6=DA=
=BC=E4=CA=B9=D3=C3=B5=C4=B6=D4=CF=F3 </LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">317</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3De.24.2.2.6.4></A>Performance</H4></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3Dc.24.2.2.6.4></A>24.2.2.6.4 =
=D0=D4=C4=DC</H4></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">318</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle =
JVM=20
      performance is enhanced by implementing a native compiler. Java =
runs=20
      platform-independent bytecodes on top of a JVM, which in turn =
interacts=20
      with the specific hardware platform. Any time you add levels =
within=20
      software, your performance is degraded. Because Java requires =
going=20
      through an intermediary to interpret platform-independent =
bytecodes, a=20
      degree of inefficiency exists for Java applications that does not =
exists=20
      within a platform-dependent language, such as C. To address this =
issue,=20
      several JVM suppliers create native compilers. Native compilers =
translate=20
      Java bytecodes into platform-dependent native code, which =
eliminates the=20
      interpreter step and improves performance.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle =
=CE=AA=B2=BB=CD=AC=C6=BD=CC=A8=B7=D6=B1=F0=CA=B5=CF=D6=C1=CB=B1=BE=B5=D8=B1=
=E0=D2=EB=C6=F7[native=20
      compiler]=A3=AC=B4=D3=B6=F8=CC=E1=C9=FD=C1=CB Oracle JVM =
=B5=C4=D0=D4=C4=DC=A1=A3Java =D4=DA JVM =
=D6=D0=D4=CB=D0=D0=D3=EB=C6=BD=CC=A8=B6=C0=C1=A2=B5=C4=D7=D6=BD=DA=C2=EB=A3=
=AC=B6=F8 JVM=20
      =
=D4=F2=D0=E8=D2=AA=D3=EB=B2=BB=CD=AC=B5=C4=D3=B2=BC=FE=C6=BD=CC=A8=BD=BB=BB=
=A5=A1=A3=B6=D4=C8=ED=BC=FE=BB=AE=B7=D6=B5=C4=B2=E3=B4=CE=D4=BD=B6=E0=A3=AC=
=B6=D4=C8=ED=BC=FE=D0=D4=C4=DC=B5=C4=D3=B0=CF=EC=BE=CD=D4=BD=B4=F3=A1=A3J=
ava=20
      =
=D3=EB=C6=BD=CC=A8=B6=C0=C1=A2=B5=C4=D7=D6=BD=DA=C2=EB=D0=E8=D2=AA=BE=AD=B9=
=FD=D6=D0=BC=E4=B2=E3=B5=C4=BD=E2=CA=CD=A3=AC=D2=F2=B4=CB=BA=CD=C6=E4=CB=FB=
=D3=EB=C6=BD=CC=A8=CF=E0=B9=D8=B5=C4=D3=EF=D1=D4=A3=A8=C0=FD=C8=E7 =
C=A3=A9=CF=E0=B1=C8=D3=D0=D2=BB=B6=A8=B5=C4=D0=D4=C4=DC=CB=F0=CA=A7=A1=A3=
=CE=AA=C1=CB=BD=E2=BE=F6=B4=CB=CE=CA=CC=E2=A3=AC=D6=DA=B6=E0 JVM=20
      =
=CC=E1=B9=A9=C9=CC=BF=AA=B7=A2=C1=CB=B6=E0=D6=D6=B1=BE=B5=D8=B1=E0=D2=EB=C6=
=F7=A1=A3=B1=BE=B5=D8=B1=E0=D2=EB=C6=F7=C4=DC=B9=BB=BD=AB Java =
=D7=D6=BD=DA=C2=EB=D7=AA=BB=BB=CE=AA=D3=EB=C6=BD=CC=A8=CF=E0=B9=D8=B5=C4=B1=
=BE=B5=D8=B4=FA=C2=EB[native=20
      =
code]=A3=AC=CF=FB=B3=FD=C1=CB=BD=E2=CA=CD=B9=FD=B3=CC=B4=D3=B6=F8=CC=E1=C9=
=FD=C1=CB=B3=CC=D0=F2=B5=C4=D0=D4=C4=DC=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">319</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">The =
following table=20
      describes two methods for native compilation.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=CF=C2=B1=ED=C3=E8=CA=F6=B1=BE=B5=D8=B1=E0=D2=EB[native=20
      =
compilation]=B5=C4=C1=BD=D6=D6=B7=BD=CA=BD=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">320</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <TABLE id=3Dtable20 width=3D"100%" border=3D0>
        <TBODY>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft colSpan=3D2>
            <HR>
          </TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft><B><FONT color=3D#0000ff>Native =
Compilation=20
            Method<BR>=A1=A1</FONT></B></TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft><B><FONT=20
            color=3D#0000ff>Description</FONT></B></TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft colSpan=3D2>
            <HR>
          </TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft>Just-In-Time (JIT) =
Compilation<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft>JIT compilers quickly compile =
Java=20
            bytecodes to native (platform-specific) computer code during =

            runtime. This does not produce an executable to be run on =
the=20
            platform; instead, it provides platform-dependent code from =
Java=20
            bytecodes that is run directly after it is translated. This =
should=20
            be used for Java code that is run frequently, which will be =
run at=20
            speeds closer to languages such as C.<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft>Static =
Compilation<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft>Static Compilation Static =
compilation=20
            translates Java bytecodes to platform-independent C code =
before=20
            runtime. Then a standard C compiler compiles the C code into =
an=20
            executable for the target platform. This approach is more =
suitable=20
            for Java applications that are modified infrequently. This =
approach=20
            takes advantage of the mature and efficient =
platform-specific=20
            compilation technology found in modern C=20
        compilers.<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <TABLE id=3Dtable23 width=3D"100%" border=3D0>
        <TBODY>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft colSpan=3D2>
            <HR>
          </TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft><B><FONT=20
            =
color=3D#0000ff>=B1=BE=B5=D8=B1=E0=D2=EB=B7=BD=CA=BD<BR>=A1=A1</FONT></B>=
</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft><FONT=20
          color=3D#0000ff><B>=C3=E8=CA=F6<BR>=A1=A1</B></FONT></TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft colSpan=3D2>
            <HR>
          </TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop =
align=3Dleft>=BC=B4=CA=B1=B1=E0=D2=EB[Just-In-Time=A3=A8JIT=A3=A9Compilat=
ion]<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft>JIT =
=B1=E0=D2=EB=C6=F7=D4=DA=D4=CB=D0=D0=CA=B1=BD=AB Java =
=D7=D6=BD=DA=C2=EB=D1=B8=CB=D9=B1=E0=D2=EB=CE=AA=A3=A8=D3=EB=C6=BD=CC=A8=CF=
=E0=B9=D8=B5=C4=A3=A9=B1=BE=B5=D8=B4=FA=C2=EB=A1=A3JIT=20
            =
=B1=E0=D2=EB=C6=F7=B2=BB=BB=E1=D4=DA=C6=BD=CC=A8=C9=CF=C9=FA=B3=C9=BF=C9=D6=
=B4=D0=D0=CE=C4=BC=FE=A3=AC=B6=F8=CA=C7=D4=DA=D4=CB=D0=D0=C7=B0=BD=AB =
Java=20
            =
=D7=D6=BD=DA=C2=EB=D7=AA=BB=BB=CE=AA=D3=EB=C6=BD=CC=A8=CF=E0=B9=D8=B5=C4=B1=
=BE=B5=D8=B4=FA=C2=EB=A3=AC=D6=AE=BA=F3=C1=A2=BC=B4=D6=B4=D0=D0=A1=A3=B4=CB=
=D6=D6=B1=E0=D2=EB=C6=F7=CA=CA=D3=C3=D3=DA=D4=CB=D0=D0=C6=B5=C2=CA=BD=CF=B8=
=DF=B5=C4 Java =B4=FA=C2=EB=A3=AC=BE=AD JIT =
=B1=E0=D2=EB=C6=F7=B1=E0=D2=EB=BA=F3=B5=C4 Java=20
            =
=B3=CC=D0=F2=B5=C4=D4=CB=D0=D0=CB=D9=B6=C8=C4=DC=B9=BB=BD=D3=BD=FC C =
=D3=EF=D1=D4=B3=CC=D0=F2=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft>=BE=B2=CC=AC=B1=E0=D2=EB[Static =
Compilation]<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop =
align=3Dleft>=BE=B2=CC=AC=B1=E0=D2=EB=D6=B8=D4=DA=D4=CB=D0=D0=C7=B0=BD=AB=
 Java =
=D7=D6=BD=DA=C2=EB=D7=AA=BB=BB=CE=AA=D3=EB=C6=BD=CC=A8=CF=E0=B9=D8=B5=C4 =
C =B4=FA=C2=EB=A1=A3=D6=AE=BA=F3=CA=B9=D3=C3=B1=EA=D7=BC=B5=C4=20
            C =B1=E0=D2=EB=C6=F7=BD=AB C =
=B4=FA=C2=EB=B1=E0=D2=EB=CE=AA=C4=BF=B1=EA=C6=BD=CC=A8=C9=CF=B5=C4=BF=C9=D6=
=B4=D0=D0=B4=FA=C2=EB=A1=A3=B4=CB=B7=BD=CA=BD=B8=FC=CA=CA=BA=CF=B2=BB=BB=E1=
=B1=BB=C6=B5=B7=B1=D0=DE=B8=C4=B5=C4 Java =
=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=A1=A3=B4=CB=B7=BD=CA=BD=B3=E4=B7=D6=C0=FB=D3=C3=C1=
=CB=CF=D6=B4=FA C=20
            =
=B1=E0=D2=EB=C6=F7=B5=C4=B3=C9=CA=EC=D0=D4=BC=B0=D3=EB=C6=BD=CC=A8=CF=E0=B9=
=D8=B5=C4=B8=DF=D0=A7=B5=C4=B1=E0=D2=EB=BC=BC=CA=F5=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD><=
/TR></TBODY></TABLE>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">321</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle =
uses static=20
      compilation to deliver its core Java class libraries: the ORB and =
JDBC=20
      code in natively compiled form. <SPAN style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: =
#ffff00">It=20
      is applicable across all the platforms Oracle supports, whereas a =
JIT=20
      approach requires low-level, processor-dependent code to be =
written and=20
      maintained for each platform.</SPAN> You can use this native =
compilation=20
      technology with your own Java code.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle =
=B5=C4=BA=CB=D0=C4 Java =
=C0=E0=BF=E2=B2=C9=D3=C3=B5=C4=CA=C7=BE=B2=CC=AC=B1=E0=D2=EB=B5=C4=B7=BD=CA=
=BD=A3=BAORB =BC=B0=20
      JDBC =
=B4=FA=C2=EB=BE=F9=B1=BB=B1=E0=D2=EB=CE=AA=B1=BE=B5=D8=D0=CE=CA=BD=A1=A3<=
SPAN style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">=D4=DA=CB=F9=D3=D0 Oracle=20
      =
=D6=A7=B3=D6=B5=C4=C6=BD=CC=A8=C9=CF=BE=F9=BF=C9=D2=D4=B2=C9=D3=C3=BE=B2=CC=
=AC=B1=E0=D2=EB=B7=BD=CA=BD=A3=AC=B6=F8 JIT =
=B7=BD=CA=BD=D4=F2=D2=AA=C7=F3=B1=E0=D0=B4=C4=BF=B1=EA=C6=BD=CC=A8=C9=CF=B5=
=C4=D3=EB=B4=A6=C0=ED=C6=F7=CF=E0=B9=D8=B5=C4=B5=CD=BD=D7=B4=FA=C2=EB=A1=A3=
</SPAN>=BF=AA=B7=A2=D5=DF=BF=C9=D2=D4=D4=DA=D7=D4=BC=BA=B5=C4 Java=20
      =B4=FA=C2=EB=D6=D0=B2=C9=D3=C3 JIT =
=B7=BD=CA=BD=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">322</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3De.24.2.2.6.5></A>Dynamic Class Loading</H4></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3Dc.24.2.2.6.5></A>24.2.2.6.5 =
=B6=AF=CC=AC=C0=E0=BC=D3=D4=D8</H4></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">323</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Another strong=20
      feature of Java is dynamic class loading. The class loader loads =
classes=20
      from the disk (and places them in the JVM-specific memory =
structures=20
      necessary for interpretation) only as they are used during program =

      execution. The class loader locates the classes in the <FONT=20
      color=3D#0000ff>CLASSPATH</FONT> and loads them during program =
execution.=20
      This approach, which works well for applets, poses the following =
problems=20
      in a server environment:<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Java =
=B5=C4=C1=ED=D2=BB=CF=EE=D6=D8=D2=AA=CC=D8=D0=D4=CA=C7=B6=AF=CC=AC=C0=E0=BC=
=D3=D4=D8[dynamic class=20
      loading]=A1=A3Java =
=B3=CC=D0=F2=D4=CB=D0=D0=CA=B1=A3=AC=B5=B1=D2=BB=B8=F6=C0=E0=B1=BB=D3=C3=B5=
=BD=CA=B1=C0=E0=BC=D3=D4=D8=C6=F7[class =
loader]=B2=C5=B4=D3=B4=C5=C5=CC=B6=C1=C8=A1=B8=C3=C0=E0=A3=A8=B2=A2=BD=AB=
=C6=E4=B7=C5=C8=EB JVM=20
      =
=B5=C4=C4=DA=B4=E6=BD=E1=B9=B9=D6=D0=BD=F8=D0=D0=BD=E2=CA=CD=B2=D9=D7=F7=A3=
=A9=A1=A3=C0=E0=BC=D3=D4=D8=C6=F7=B8=F9=BE=DD <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>CLASSPATH</FONT>=20
      =
=B6=A8=CE=BB=C0=E0=B2=A2=D4=DA=B3=CC=D0=F2=D4=CB=D0=D0=CA=B1=BD=F8=D0=D0=BC=
=D3=D4=D8=A1=A3=D5=E2=D6=D6=B7=BD=CA=BD=B6=D4=D3=DA applet =
=C0=B4=CB=B5=B9=A4=D7=F7=D5=FD=B3=A3=A3=AC=B5=AB=D4=DA=B7=FE=CE=F1=B6=CB=CF=
=B5=CD=B3=D6=D0=BD=AB=B4=F8=C0=B4=D2=D4=CF=C2=CE=CA=CC=E2=A3=BA<BR>=A1=A1=
</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">324</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <TABLE id=3Dtable21 width=3D"100%" border=3D0>
        <TBODY>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft colSpan=3D3>
            <HR>
          </TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft><B><FONT=20
            color=3D#0000ff>Problem<BR>=A1=A1</FONT></B></TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft><FONT=20
            color=3D#0000ff><B>Description<BR>=A1=A1</B></FONT></TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft><FONT=20
            color=3D#0000ff><B>Solution<BR>=A1=A1</B></FONT></TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft colSpan=3D3>
            <HR>
          </TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft>Predictability<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft>The class loading operation =
places a=20
            severe penalty on first-time execution. A simple program can =
cause=20
            the Oracle JVM to load many core classes to support its =
needs. A=20
            programmer cannot easily predict or determine the number of =
classes=20
            loaded.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft>The Oracle JVM loads classes =
dynamically,=20
            just as with any other Java Virtual Machine. The same =
one-time class=20
            loading speed hit is encountered. However, because the =
classes are=20
            loaded into shared memory, no other users of those classes =
will=20
            cause the classes to load again=A1=AAthey will simply use =
the same=20
            pre-loaded classes. <BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft>Reliability<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft>A benefit of dynamic class =
loading is that=20
            it supports program updating. For example, you would update =
classes=20
            on a server, and clients who download the program and load =
it=20
            dynamically see the update whenever they next use the =
program.=20
            Server programs tend to emphasize reliability. As a =
developer, you=20
            must know that every client runs a specific program =
configuration.=20
            You do not want clients to inadvertently load some classes =
that you=20
            did not intend them to load.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft>Oracle separates the upload and =
resolve=20
            operation from the class loading operation at runtime. You =
upload=20
            Java code you developed to the server using the loadjava =
utility.=20
            Instead of using <FONT color=3D#0000ff>CLASSPATH</FONT>, you =
specify a=20
            resolver at installation time. The resolver is analogous to =
<FONT=20
            color=3D#0000ff>CLASSPATH</FONT>, but lets you specify the =
schemas in=20
            which the classes reside. This separation of resolution from =
class=20
            loading means you always know what program users run.=20
        <BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <TABLE id=3Dtable24 width=3D"100%" border=3D0>
        <TBODY>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft colSpan=3D3>
            <HR>
          </TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft><B><FONT=20
          color=3D#0000ff>=CE=CA=CC=E2<BR>=A1=A1</FONT></B></TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft><FONT=20
          color=3D#0000ff><B>=C3=E8=CA=F6<BR>=A1=A1</B></FONT></TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft><FONT=20
          =
color=3D#0000ff><B>=BD=E2=BE=F6=B7=BD=B7=A8<BR>=A1=A1</B></FONT></TD></TR=
>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft colSpan=3D3>
            <HR>
          </TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop =
align=3Dleft>=BF=C9=D4=A4=B2=E2=D0=D4[predictability]<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop =
align=3Dleft>=B7=FE=CE=F1=B6=CB=B3=CC=D0=F2=B5=DA=D2=BB=B4=CE=D6=B4=D0=D0=
=CA=B1=BD=AB=C3=E6=B6=D4=B4=F3=C1=BF=B5=C4=C0=E0=BC=D3=D4=D8=B9=A4=D7=F7=A1=
=A3=D2=BB=B8=F6=BC=F2=B5=A5=B5=C4=B3=CC=D0=F2=BE=CD=D0=E8=D2=AA Oracle=20
            JVM =
=BC=D3=D4=D8=B4=F3=C1=BF=C6=E4=CB=F9=D0=E8=D2=AA=B5=C4=BA=CB=D0=C4=C0=E0=A1=
=A3=BF=AA=B7=A2=D5=DF=C4=D1=D2=D4=D4=A4=B2=E2=BB=F2=C8=B7=B6=A8=B1=BB=BC=D3=
=D4=D8=B5=C4=C0=E0=B5=C4=CA=FD=C1=BF=A1=A3<BR><BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft>Oracle JVM =D3=EB=C6=E4=CB=FB =
JVM=20
            =
=D2=BB=D1=F9=B2=C9=D3=C3=B6=AF=CC=AC=C0=E0=BC=D3=D4=D8=A3=AC=D2=F2=B4=CB=CD=
=AC=D1=F9=C3=E6=C1=D9=D2=BB=B4=CE=BC=D3=D4=D8=B4=F3=C1=BF=C0=E0=B5=C4=CE=CA=
=CC=E2=A1=A3=B5=AB=D4=DA Oracle JVM=20
            =
=D6=D0=A3=AC=C0=E0=B1=BB=BC=D3=D4=D8=B5=BD=B9=B2=CF=ED=C4=DA=B4=E6=D6=D0=A3=
=AC=CA=B9=D3=C3=CF=E0=CD=AC=C0=E0=B5=C4=C6=E4=CB=FB=D3=C3=BB=A7=B2=BB=B1=D8=
=D4=D9=B4=CE=BC=D3=D4=D8=C0=E0=A3=AC=B6=F8=D6=BB=D0=E8=CA=B9=D3=C3=D2=D1=BC=
=D3=D4=D8=B5=C4=C0=E0=BC=B4=BF=C9=A1=A3 <BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop =
align=3Dleft>=BF=C9=BF=BF=D0=D4[reliability]<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop=20
            =
align=3Dleft>=B6=AF=CC=AC=C0=E0=BC=D3=D4=D8=B5=C4=D2=BB=B8=F6=D3=C5=B5=E3=
=CA=C7=C4=DC=B9=BB=D6=A7=B3=D6=B3=CC=D0=F2=B8=FC=D0=C2=A1=A3=C0=FD=C8=E7=A3=
=AC=BF=AA=B7=A2=D5=DF=BF=C9=D2=D4=B8=FC=D0=C2=B7=FE=CE=F1=C6=F7=B6=CB=B5=C4=
=C0=E0=A3=AC=B6=F8=CF=C2=D4=D8=B2=A2=B6=AF=CC=AC=BC=D3=D4=D8=C0=E0=B5=C4=BF=
=CD=BB=A7=B6=CB=C4=DC=B9=BB=D4=DA=CA=B9=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=CA=B1=B7=A2=CF=D6=
=B8=FC=D0=C2=A1=A3=B7=FE=CE=F1=B6=CB=B3=CC=D0=F2=D7=EE=D7=A2=D6=D8=B5=C4=CA=
=C7=BF=C9=BF=BF=D0=D4=A1=A3=D7=F7=CE=AA=BF=AA=B7=A2=D5=DF=B1=D8=D0=EB=C3=F7=
=C8=B7=C3=BF=B8=F6=BF=CD=BB=A7=B6=CB=CB=F9=BC=D3=D4=D8=B5=C4=C8=ED=BC=FE=C5=
=E4=D6=C3=C7=E9=BF=F6=A1=A3=BF=AA=B7=A2=D5=DF=D3=A6=B1=DC=C3=E2=BF=CD=BB=A7=
=B6=CB=BC=D3=D4=D8=B4=ED=CE=F3=B5=C4=C0=E0=A1=A3<BR><BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft>Oracle=20
            =
=BD=AB=C9=CF=B4=AB[upload]=BA=CD=BD=E2=CE=F6[resolve]=C1=BD=D6=D6=B2=D9=D7=
=F7=B4=D3=D4=CB=D0=D0=CA=B1=B5=C4=C0=E0=BC=D3=D4=D8=B9=A4=D7=F7=D6=D0=B6=C0=
=C1=A2=B3=F6=C0=B4=A1=A3=BF=AA=B7=A2=D5=DF=CA=B9=D3=C3 loadjava =
=B9=A4=BE=DF=BD=AB=BF=AA=B7=A2=BA=C3=B5=C4=20
            Java =
=B4=FA=C2=EB=C9=CF=B4=AB=A1=A3=B6=F8=D4=DA=B0=B2=D7=B0=CA=B1=CA=B9=D3=C3=BD=
=E2=CE=F6=C6=F7=B6=F8=B7=C7=B4=AB=CD=B3=B5=C4 <FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>CLASSPATH</FONT>=A1=A3=BD=E2=CE=F6=C6=F7=D3=EB=20
            <FONT color=3D#0000ff>CLASSPATH</FONT>=20
            =
=C0=E0=CB=C6=A3=AC=B5=AB=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=D2=D4=C0=FB=D3=C3=BD=E2=CE=F6=C6=
=F7=C9=E8=B6=A8=C0=E0=CB=F9=D4=DA=B5=C4=B7=BD=B0=B8=A1=A3=BD=AB=C0=E0=BD=E2=
=CE=F6=D3=EB=C0=E0=BC=D3=D4=D8=B7=D6=C0=EB=CA=B9=BF=AA=B7=A2=D5=DF=C4=DC=B9=
=BB=C3=F7=C8=B7=D3=C3=BB=A7=CB=F9=BC=D3=D4=D8=B5=C4=C0=E0=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1=
</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">325</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3De.24.2.2.7></A>Oracle's Java Application =
Strategy</H3></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H3><A name=3Dc.24.2.2.7></A>24.2.2.7 Oracle =B5=C4 Java =
=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=BF=AA=B7=A2=B2=DF=C2=D4</H3></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">326</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">One =
appeal of Java=20
      is its ubiquity and the growing number of programmers capable of=20
      developing applications using it. Oracle furnishes enterprise =
application=20
      developers with an end-to-end Java solution for creating, =
deploying, and=20
      managing Java applications. The total solution consists of =
client-side and=20
      server-side programmatic interfaces, tools to support Java =
development,=20
      and a Java Virtual Machine integrated with the Oracle database =
server. All=20
      these products are compatible with Java standards.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Java =
=B5=C4=D6=D8=D2=AA=CE=FC=D2=FD=C1=A6=D4=DA=D3=DA=C6=E4=B9=E3=B7=BA=B5=C4=D3=
=A6=D3=C3=C3=E6=D2=D4=BC=B0=D3=EB=C8=D5=BE=E3=D4=F6=B5=C4 Java=20
      =B3=CC=D0=F2=D4=B1=C8=BA=CC=E5=A1=A3Oracle =
=CE=AA=C6=F3=D2=B5=D3=A6=D3=C3=BF=AA=B7=A2=D5=DF=CC=E1=B9=A9=C1=CB=D2=BB=B8=
=F6=B6=CB=B5=BD=B6=CB Java=20
      =
=BD=E2=BE=F6=B7=BD=B0=B8=A3=AC=B4=D3=B4=B4=BD=A8=A3=AC=B2=BF=CA=F0=A3=AC=B5=
=BD=B9=DC=C0=ED=A1=A3=D5=E2=B8=F6=C8=AB=C3=E6=B5=C4=BD=E2=BE=F6=B7=BD=B0=B8=
=D3=C9=BF=CD=BB=A7=B6=CB=BC=B0=B7=FE=CE=F1=B6=CB=B1=E0=B3=CC=BD=D3=BF=DA=A3=
=ACJava =BF=AA=B7=A2=B9=A4=BE=DF=A3=AC=D3=EB=BC=AF=B3=C9=D4=DA Oracle =
=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B7=FE=CE=F1=C6=F7=C4=DA=B5=C4 JVM=20
      =D7=E9=B3=C9=A1=A3=C9=CF=CA=F6=CB=F9=D3=D0=B2=FA=C6=B7=BE=F9=D3=EB =
Java =B1=EA=D7=BC=BC=E6=C8=DD=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">327</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">In =
addition to the=20
      Oracle JVM, the Java programming environment consists of the =
following:
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Java stored procedures as the =
Java=20
        equivalent and companion for PL/SQL. Java stored procedures are =
tightly=20
        integrated with PL/SQL. You can call a Java stored procedure =
from a=20
        PL/SQL package; you can call PL/SQL procedures from a Java =
stored=20
        procedure.=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">SQL data can be accessed =
through the=20
        JDBC programming interface.=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Tools and scripts used in =
assisting in=20
        development, class loading, and class management. =
</LI></UL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">=B3=FD Oracle JVM =
=D6=AE=CD=E2=A3=AC=D2=BB=B8=F6 Java =
=BF=AA=B7=A2=BB=B7=BE=B3=BA=AC=B0=FC=BA=AC=D2=D4=CF=C2=C4=DA=C8=DD=A3=BA
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Java =
=B4=E6=B4=A2=B9=FD=B3=CC=D3=EB PL/SQL =
=B4=E6=B4=A2=B9=FD=B3=CC=CF=E0=CB=C6=A1=A3Java =
=B4=E6=B4=A2=B9=FD=B3=CC=D3=EB=20
        PL/SQL =
=BD=F4=C3=DC=BC=AF=B3=C9=A1=A3=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=D2=D4=D4=DA PL/SQL =
=B0=FC=D6=D0=B5=F7=D3=C3 Java =
=B4=E6=B4=A2=B9=FD=B3=CC=A3=AC=D2=B2=BF=C9=D2=D4=D4=DA Java =
=B4=E6=B4=A2=B9=FD=B3=CC=D6=D0=B5=F7=D3=C3 PL/SQL =B9=FD=B3=CC=A1=A3=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">=D3=C3=D3=DA=B7=C3=CE=CA SQL =
=CA=FD=BE=DD=B5=C4 JDBC =B1=E0=B3=CC=BD=D3=BF=DA=A1=A3=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=D3=C3=D3=DA=B8=A8=D6=FA=BF=AA=B7=A2=A3=AC=C0=E0=BC=D3=D4=D8=A3=AC=BC=
=B0=C0=E0=B9=DC=C0=ED=B5=C4=B9=A4=BE=DF=D3=EB=BD=C5=B1=BE=A1=A3 =
</LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">328</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">This =
section=20
      contains the following topics:
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#e.24.2.2.7.1"=20
        target=3D_self>Java Stored Procedures</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#e.24.2.2.7.2"=20
        target=3D_self>PL/SQL Integration and Oracle Functionality</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#e.24.2.2.7.3"=20
        target=3D_self>JDBC</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#e.24.2.2.7.4"=20
        target=3D_self>SQLJ</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#e.24.2.2.7.5"=20
        target=3D_self>JPublisher</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#e.24.2.2.7.6"=20
        target=3D_self>Java Messaging Service</A> </LI></UL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=B1=BE=BD=DA=B0=FC=BA=AC=D2=D4=CF=C2=D6=F7=CC=E2=A3=BA
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#c.24.2.2.7.1"=20
        target=3D_self>Java =B4=E6=B4=A2=B9=FD=B3=CC</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#c.24.2.2.7.2"=20
        target=3D_self>=D3=EB PL/SQL =BC=B0 Oracle =
=B9=A6=C4=DC=BC=AF=B3=C9</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#c.24.2.2.7.3"=20
        target=3D_self>JDBC</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#c.24.2.2.7.4"=20
        target=3D_self>SQLJ</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#c.24.2.2.7.5"=20
        target=3D_self>JPublisher</A>=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
        =
href=3D"file:///D:/Zhengwu/Oracle.Concept.10g.R2.Translation.Programe/Rel=
ease.Version/24.SQL,%20PLSQL,%20and%20Java.htm#c.24.2.2.7.6"=20
        target=3D_self>Java =CF=FB=CF=A2=B7=FE=CE=F1</A> =
</LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">329</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3De.24.2.2.7.1></A>Java Stored Procedures</H4></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3Dc.24.2.2.7.1></A>24.2.2.7.1 Java =
=B4=E6=B4=A2=B9=FD=B3=CC</H4></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">330</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">A Java =
stored=20
      procedure is a program you write in Java to run in the server, =
exactly as=20
      a PL/SQL stored procedure. You invoke it directly with products =
like=20
      SQL*Plus, or indirectly with a trigger. You can access it from any =
Oracle=20
      Net client=A1=AAOCI, precompiler, or JDBC.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Java =
=B4=E6=B4=A2=B9=FD=B3=CC[Java stored procedure]=CA=C7=D2=D4=20
      Java =
=B1=E0=D0=B4=B2=A2=D4=CB=D0=D0=D3=DA=B7=FE=CE=F1=B6=CB=B5=C4=B3=CC=D0=F2=A3=
=AC=D3=EB PL/SQL =
=B4=E6=B4=A2=B9=FD=B3=CC=CD=EA=C8=AB=CF=E0=CD=AC=A1=A3=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=D2=
=D4=D4=DA SQL*Plus =
=D6=AE=C0=E0=B5=C4=B9=A4=BE=DF=D6=D0=D6=B1=BD=D3=B5=F7=D3=C3 Java=20
      =
=B4=E6=B4=A2=B9=FD=B3=CC=A3=AC=D2=B2=BF=C9=D2=D4=D4=DA=B4=A5=B7=A2=C6=F7=D6=
=D0=B5=F7=D3=C3=A1=A3=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=D2=D4=CD=A8=B9=FD=C8=CE=D2=E2=B5=C4=
 Oracle Net =
=BF=CD=BB=A7=B6=CB=A3=A8OCI=A3=AC=D4=A4=B1=E0=D2=EB=C6=F7=A3=AC=BB=F2 =
JDBC=A3=A9=B5=F7=D3=C3 Java=20
    =B4=E6=B4=A2=B9=FD=B3=CC=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">331</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">In =
addition, you can=20
      use Java to develop powerful programs independently of PL/SQL. =
Oracle=20
      provides a fully-compliant implementation of the Java programming =
language=20
      and JVM.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=B4=CB=CD=E2=A3=AC=BF=AA=B7=A2=D5=DF=D2=B2=BF=C9=D2=D4=CA=B9=
=D3=C3 Java =BF=AA=B7=A2=D3=EB PL/SQL=20
      =B6=C0=C1=A2=B5=C4=B3=CC=D0=F2=A1=A3Oracle =
=CC=E1=B9=A9=C1=CB=D3=EB=B1=EA=D7=BC=CD=EA=C8=AB=BC=E6=C8=DD=B5=C4 Java =
=B1=E0=B3=CC=D3=EF=D1=D4=BC=B0 JVM =
=CA=B5=CF=D6=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">332</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>See Also:</B><BR><BR><A=20
        =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/java.102/b14187=
/toc.htm">Oracle=20
        Database Java Developer's Guide</A> explains how to write stored =

        procedures in Java, how to access them from PL/SQL, and how to =
access=20
        PL/SQL functionality from Java.</BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>=C1=ED=BC=FB=A3=BA</B><BR><BR><A=20
        =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/java.102/b14187=
/toc.htm">Oracle=20
        Database Java Developer's Guide</A> =
=B2=FB=CA=CD=C1=CB=C8=E7=BA=CE=CA=B9=D3=C3 Java =
=B1=E0=D0=B4=B4=E6=B4=A2=B9=FD=B3=CC=A3=AC=C8=E7=BA=CE=D4=DA PL/SQL =
=D6=D0=B7=C3=CE=CA=20
        Java =B4=E6=B4=A2=B9=FD=B3=CC=A3=AC=BC=B0=C8=E7=BA=CE=D4=DA Java =
=D6=D0=B7=C3=CE=CA PL/SQL =B9=A6=C4=DC=A1=A3</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">333</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3De.24.2.2.7.2></A>PL/SQL Integration and Oracle=20
      Functionality</H4></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3Dc.24.2.2.7.2></A>24.2.2.7.2 =D3=EB PL/SQL =BC=B0 =
Oracle =B9=A6=C4=DC=BC=AF=B3=C9</H4></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">334</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">You =
can invoke=20
      existing PL/SQL programs from Java and invoke Java programs from =
PL/SQL.=20
      This solution protects and leverages your existing investment =
while=20
      opening up the advantages and opportunities of Java-based Internet =

      computing.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=D2=D4=D4=DA Java =
=D6=D0=B5=F7=D3=C3=D2=D1=D3=D0=B5=C4 PL/SQL =
=B3=CC=D0=F2=A3=AC=CD=AC=D1=F9=D2=B2=BF=C9=D2=D4=D4=DA=20
      PL/SQL =D6=D0=B5=F7=D3=C3 Java =
=B3=CC=D0=F2=A1=A3=B4=CB=CC=D8=D0=D4=C4=DC=B9=BB=B1=A3=BB=A4=B2=A2=C0=FB=D3=
=C3=D2=D1=D3=D0=CD=B6=D7=CA=A3=AC=CD=AC=CA=B1=B7=A2=BB=D3=BB=F9=D3=DA =
Java =B5=C4 Internet =
=BC=C6=CB=E3=B5=C4=D3=C5=CA=C6=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">335</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3De.24.2.2.7.3></A>JDBC</H4></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3Dc.24.2.2.7.3></A>24.2.2.7.3 JDBC</H4></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">336</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Java =
database=20
      connectivity (JDBC) is an application programming interface (API) =
for Java=20
      developers to access SQL data. It is available on client and =
server, so=20
      you can deploy the same code in either place.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">JDBC=A3=A8Java database =
connectivity=A3=A9=CA=C7=D2=BB=CC=D7=B9=A9=20
      Java =BF=AA=B7=A2=D5=DF=B7=C3=CE=CA SQL =CA=FD=BE=DD=B5=C4 =
API=A1=A3JDBC =
=D4=DA=BF=CD=BB=A7=B6=CB=BC=B0=B7=FE=CE=F1=B6=CB=BE=F9=BF=C9=CA=B9=D3=C3=A3=
=AC=D2=F2=B4=CB=BF=AA=B7=A2=D5=DF=D4=DA=BF=CD=BB=A7=B6=CB=BC=B0=B7=FE=CE=F1=
=B6=CB=BF=C9=B2=BF=CA=F0=CF=E0=CD=AC=B5=C4=B4=FA=C2=EB=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</T=
D></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">337</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">Oracle's JDBC allows=20
      access to objects and collection types defined in the database =
from Java=20
      programs through dynamic SQL. Dynamic SQL means that the embedded =
SQL=20
      statement to be run is not known before the application is run, =
and=20
      requires input to build the statement. It provides for translation =
of=20
      types defined in the database into Java classes through default or =

      customizable mappings, and it also enables you to monitor, trace, =
and=20
      correlate resource consumption of Java and J2EE applications down =
to the=20
      database operation level.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=BF=AA=B7=A2=D5=DF=C0=FB=D3=C3 Oracle JDBC =
=BF=C9=D2=D4=D4=DA Java =B3=CC=D0=F2=D6=D0=CD=A8=B9=FD=B6=AF=CC=AC=20
      SQL[dynamic SQL]=B4=E6=C8=A1=B6=D4=CF=F3=C0=E0=D0=CD[object =
type]=BC=B0=BC=AF=BA=CF=C0=E0=D0=CD[collection =
type]=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=DD=A1=A3=B6=AF=CC=AC SQL=20
      =D6=B8=C7=B6=C8=EB=B5=BD=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=D6=D0=B5=C4 SQL =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=A3=AC=D6=BB=D3=D0=D4=DA=D4=CB=D0=D0=CA=B1=B2=C5=C4=DC=B8=F9=BE=
=DD=D3=C3=BB=A7=CA=E4=C8=EB=D0=CE=B3=C9=CD=EA=D5=FB=B5=C4=BF=C9=D6=B4=D0=D0=
=D3=EF=BE=E4=A1=A3=C0=FB=D3=C3=20
      =
JDBC=A3=AC=BF=AA=B7=A2=D5=DF=BF=C9=D2=D4=BD=AB=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=D6=D0=B6=
=A8=D2=E5=B5=C4=C0=E0=D0=CD=CD=A8=B9=FD=C4=AC=C8=CF=BB=F2=D7=D4=B6=A8=D2=E5=
=B5=C4=D3=B3=C9=E4=D7=AA=BB=BB=CE=AA Java =
=C0=E0=A1=A3=B4=CB=CD=E2=A3=AC=BF=AA=B7=A2=D5=DF=BB=B9=BF=C9=D2=D4=C0=FB=D3=
=C3 JDBC=20
      =
=D4=DA=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B2=D9=D7=F7=BC=B6=BC=E0=BF=D8=A3=AC=B8=FA=D7=D9=A3=
=AC=B2=A2=B7=D6=CE=F6 Java =BC=B0 J2EE =
=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">338</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Core =
Java class=20
      libraries provide only one JDBC API. JDBC is designed, however, to =
allow=20
      vendors to supply drivers that offer the necessary specialization =
for a=20
      particular database. Oracle delivers the following three distinct =
JDBC=20
      drivers.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">=BA=CB=D0=C4 Java =
=C0=E0=BF=E2=D6=D0=D6=BB=B0=FC=BA=AC=D2=BB=CC=D7 JDBC =
API=A1=A3=B5=AB=B5=DA=C8=FD=B7=BD=B3=A7=C9=CC=BF=C9=D2=D4=D2=C0=BE=DD=20
      JDBC =
=B9=E6=B7=B6=BF=AA=B7=A2=C7=FD=B6=AF=B3=CC=D0=F2=A3=AC=CE=AA=CC=D8=B6=A8=CA=
=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=CC=E1=B9=A9=CC=D8=CA=E2=D6=A7=B3=D6=A1=A3Oracle =
=CC=E1=B9=A9=C1=CB=D2=D4=CF=C2=C8=FD=D6=D6=B2=BB=CD=AC=B5=C4 JDBC =
=C7=FD=B6=AF=B3=CC=D0=F2=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">339</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <TABLE id=3Dtable22 width=3D"100%" border=3D0>
        <TBODY>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft colSpan=3D2>
            <HR>
          </TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft><FONT=20
            color=3D#0000ff><B>Driver<BR>=A1=A1</B></FONT></TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft><B><FONT=20
            color=3D#0000ff>Description<BR>=A1=A1</FONT></B></TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft colSpan=3D2>
            <HR>
          </TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft>JDBC Thin Driver<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft>You can use the JDBC Thin driver =
to write=20
            100% pure Java applications and applets that access Oracle =
SQL data.=20
            The JDBC Thin driver is especially well-suited to Web =
browser-based=20
            applications and applets, because you can dynamically =
download it=20
            from a Web page just like any other Java =
applet.<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft>JDBC Oracle Call Interface =
Driver<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft>The JDBC Oracle Call Interface =
(OCI)=20
            driver accesses Oracle-specific native code (that is, =
non-Java)=20
            libraries on the client or middle tier, providing a richer =
set of=20
            functionality and some performance boost compared to the =
JDBC Thin=20
            driver, at the cost of significantly larger size and =
client-side=20
            installation.<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft>JDBC Server-side Internal =
Driver<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft>Oracle uses the server-side =
internal=20
            driver when Java code runs on the server. It allows Java=20
            applications running in the server's JVM to access locally =
defined=20
            data (that is, on the same computer and in the same process) =
with=20
            JDBC. It provides a further performance boost because of its =
ability=20
            to use underlying Oracle RDBMS libraries directly, without =
the=20
            overhead of an intervening network connection between your =
Java code=20
            and SQL data. By supporting the same Java-SQL interface on =
the=20
            server, Oracle does not require you to rework code when =
deploying=20
            it. <BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <TABLE id=3Dtable25 width=3D"100%" border=3D0>
        <TBODY>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft colSpan=3D2>
            <HR>
          </TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft><FONT=20
          =
color=3D#0000ff><B>=C7=FD=B6=AF=B3=CC=D0=F2<BR>=A1=A1</B></FONT></TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft><B><FONT=20
          color=3D#0000ff>=C3=E8=CA=F6<BR>=A1=A1</FONT></B></TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft colSpan=3D2>
            <HR>
          </TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft>JDBC =
=CA=DD=BF=CD=BB=A7=C7=FD=B6=AF=B3=CC=D0=F2[JDBC Thin =
driver]<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop =
align=3Dleft>=BF=AA=B7=A2=D5=DF=BF=C9=D2=D4=CA=B9=D3=C3 JDBC =
=CA=DD=BF=CD=BB=A7=C7=FD=B6=AF=B3=CC=D0=F2=B1=E0=D0=B4=C4=DC=B9=BB=B7=C3=CE=
=CA Oracle SQL =CA=FD=BE=DD=B5=C4=20
            100% =B4=BF Java =D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=BB=F2 =
applet=A1=A3JDBC =
=CA=DD=BF=CD=BB=A7=C7=FD=B6=AF=B3=CC=D0=F2=D3=C8=C6=E4=CA=CA=D3=C3=D3=DA=BF=
=AA=B7=A2=BB=F9=D3=DA Web =
=E4=AF=C0=C0=C6=F7=B5=C4=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=BC=B0=20
            applet=A3=AC=D2=F2=CE=AA=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=D2=D4=B4=D3 Web =
=D2=B3=C3=E6=B6=AF=CC=AC=B5=D8=CF=C2=D4=D8=B3=CC=D0=F2=A3=AC=BE=CD=C8=E7=CD=
=AC=CF=C2=D4=D8=C6=E4=CB=FB Java =
applet=D2=BB=D1=F9=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft>JDBC OCI =
=C7=FD=B6=AF=B3=CC=D0=F2[JDBC Oracle Call Interface=20
            Driver]<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft>JDBC OCI =
=C7=FD=B6=AF=B3=CC=D0=F2=CA=B9=D3=C3=CE=BB=D3=DA=BF=CD=BB=A7=B6=CB=BB=F2=D6=
=D0=BC=E4=BC=FE=B5=C4=D2=D4=B1=BE=B5=D8=A3=A8=BC=B4=B7=C7=20
            =
Java=A3=A9=B4=FA=C2=EB=D0=CE=CA=BD=B4=E6=D4=DA=B5=C4=BF=E2=BA=AF=CA=FD=A3=
=AC=D3=EB JDBC=20
            =
=CA=DD=BF=CD=BB=A7=C7=FD=B6=AF=B3=CC=D0=F2=CF=E0=B1=C8=CC=E1=B9=A9=C1=CB=B8=
=FC=B7=E1=B8=BB=B5=C4=B9=A6=C4=DC=BC=B0=B8=FC=B8=DF=B5=C4=D0=D4=C4=DC=A3=AC=
=B5=AB=B4=FA=BC=DB=CA=C7=C8=DD=C1=BF=C5=D3=B4=F3=C7=D2=D0=E8=D2=AA=D4=DA=BF=
=CD=BB=A7=B6=CB=BD=F8=D0=D0=B0=B2=D7=B0=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft>JDBC =
=B7=FE=CE=F1=B6=CB=C4=DA=B2=BF=C7=FD=B6=AF=B3=CC=D0=F2[JDBC&nbsp; =
Server-side=20
            Internal Driver]<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
          <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft>=C8=E7=B9=FB Java =
=B4=FA=C2=EB=D4=CB=D0=D0=D3=DA=B7=FE=CE=F1=B6=CB=B5=C4=BB=B0=A3=ACOracle =
=D4=F2=CA=B9=D3=C3 JDBC=20
            =
=B7=FE=CE=F1=B6=CB=C4=DA=B2=BF=C7=FD=B6=AF=B3=CC=D0=F2=A1=A3=D4=CB=D0=D0=D3=
=DA=B7=FE=CE=F1=B6=CB JVM =C4=DA=B5=C4 Java=20
            =
=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=BF=C9=D2=D4=CD=A8=B9=FD=B4=CB=D6=D6=C7=FD=B6=AF=B7=
=C3=CE=CA=B1=BE=B5=D8=B6=A8=D2=E5=B5=C4=A3=A8=BC=B4=CD=AC=D2=BB=BC=C6=CB=E3=
=BB=FA=B5=C4=CD=AC=D2=BB=BD=F8=B3=CC=C4=DA=B5=C4=A3=A9=CA=FD=BE=DD=A1=A3=B4=
=CB=D6=D6=C7=FD=B6=AF=B3=CC=D0=F2=BF=C9=D2=D4=D6=B1=BD=D3=CA=B9=D3=C3 =
Oracle RDBMS=20
            =
=B5=C4=C0=E0=BF=E2=A3=AC=C7=D2=CE=DE=D0=E8=D4=DA=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=B4=
=FA=C2=EB=BA=CD SQL =
=CA=FD=BE=DD=BC=E4=BD=A8=C1=A2=CD=F8=C2=E7=C1=AC=BD=D3=A3=AC=D2=F2=B4=CB=C4=
=DC=B9=BB=CC=E1=B9=A9=B8=FC=BA=C3=B5=C4=D0=D4=C4=DC=A1=A3Oracle =
=CC=E1=B9=A9=B5=C4=B7=FE=CE=F1=B6=CB=BC=B0=BF=CD=BB=A7=B6=CB Java-SQL=20
            =
=BD=D3=BF=DA=CA=C7=CF=E0=CD=AC=B5=C4=A3=AC=D2=F2=B4=CB=BF=AA=B7=A2=D5=DF=D4=
=DA=B2=BB=CD=AC=CE=BB=D6=C3=B2=BF=CA=F0=B3=CC=D0=F2=CA=B1=CE=DE=D0=E8=D0=DE=
=B8=C4=C8=CE=BA=CE=B4=FA=C2=EB=A1=A3 =
<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">340</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>
        <P><B>See Also:</B></P>
        <UL>
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/java.102/b14355=
/toc.htm">Oracle=20
          Database JDBC Developer's Guide and Reference</A>=20
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/appdev.102/b142=
51/toc.htm">Oracle=20
          Database Application Developer's Guide - Fundamentals</A> for =
examples=20
          of JDBC programs </LI></UL></BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE>
        <P><B>=C1=ED=BC=FB=A3=BA</B></P>
        <UL>
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/java.102/b14355=
/toc.htm">Oracle=20
          Database JDBC Developer's Guide and Reference</A>=20
          <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px"><A=20
          =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/appdev.102/b142=
51/toc.htm">Oracle=20
          Database Application Developer's Guide - Fundamentals</A> =
=B2=E9=D5=D2 JDBC =B3=CC=D0=F2=CA=BE=C0=FD=20
          </LI></UL></BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">341</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3De.24.2.2.7.4></A>SQLJ</H4></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3Dc.24.2.2.7.4></A>24.2.2.7.4 SQLJ</H4></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">342</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">SQLJ =
allows=20
      developers to use object datatypes in Java programs. Developers =
can use=20
      JPublisher to map Oracle object and collection types into Java =
classes to=20
      be used in the application.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=BF=AA=B7=A2=D5=DF=CD=A8=B9=FD SQLJ =BF=C9=D2=D4=D4=DA =
Java=20
      =
=B3=CC=D0=F2=D6=D0=CA=B9=D3=C3=B6=D4=CF=F3=CA=FD=BE=DD=C0=E0=D0=CD[object=
 datatype]=A1=A3=BF=AA=B7=A2=D5=DF=BF=C9=D2=D4=CA=B9=D3=C3 JPublisher =
=BD=AB Oracle =
=B6=D4=CF=F3=C0=E0=D0=CD=BC=B0=BC=AF=BA=CF=C0=E0=D0=CD=D3=B3=C9=E4=CE=AA =
Java=20
      =C0=E0=A3=AC=B2=A2=D4=DA Java =
=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=D6=D0=CA=B9=D3=C3=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">343</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">SQLJ =
provides access=20
      to server objects using SQL statements embedded in the Java code. =
SQLJ=20
      provides compile-time type checking of object types and =
collections in the=20
      SQL statements. The syntax is based on an ANSI standard (SQLJ=20
      Consortium).<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">=CD=A8=B9=FD =
SQLJ=A3=AC=BF=AA=B7=A2=D5=DF=BF=C9=D2=D4=CA=B9=D3=C3=C7=B6=C8=EB=D3=DA =
Java =B4=FA=C2=EB=B5=C4 SQL=20
      =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=B7=C3=CE=CA=B7=FE=CE=F1=C6=F7=D6=D0=B5=C4=B6=D4=CF=F3=A1=A3S=
QLJ =CC=E1=C4=DC=B9=BB=B6=D4 SQL =
=D3=EF=BE=E4=D6=D0=B5=C4=B6=D4=CF=F3=C0=E0=D0=CD=BC=B0=BC=AF=BA=CF=C0=E0=D0=
=CD=BD=F8=D0=D0=B1=E0=D2=EB=CA=B1=C0=E0=D0=CD=BC=EC=B2=E9[compile-time =
type=20
      checking]=A1=A3SQLJ =B5=C4=D3=EF=B7=A8=BB=F9=D3=DA ANSI =
=B1=EA=D7=BC=A3=A8SQLJ =D0=AD=B6=A8[SQLJ =
Consortium]=A3=A9=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">344</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">You =
can specify Java=20
      classes as SQL user-defined object types. You can define columns =
or rows=20
      of this SQLJ type. You can also query and manipulate the objects =
of this=20
      type as if they were SQL primitive types. Additionally, you can do =
the=20
      following:
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Make the static fields of a =
class=20
        visible in SQL=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Allow the user to call a Java=20
        constructor=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Maintain the dependency =
between the Java=20
        class and its corresponding type </LI></UL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=BF=AA=B7=A2=D5=DF=BF=C9=D2=D4=BD=AB=D2=BB=B8=F6 Java =
=C0=E0=D7=F7=CE=AA=D2=BB=B8=F6=D3=C3=BB=A7=B6=A8=D2=E5=B5=C4 SQL=20
      =
=B6=D4=CF=F3=C0=E0=D0=CD=A1=A3=BF=AA=B7=A2=D5=DF=BF=C9=D2=D4=B6=A8=D2=E5=D5=
=E2=B8=F6 SQLJ =
=C0=E0=D0=CD=B5=C4=D0=D0=BC=B0=C1=D0=A1=A3=BF=AA=B7=A2=D5=DF=BF=AA=BF=C9=D2=
=D4=B2=D9=D7=F7=D5=E2=B8=F6 SQLJ =
=C0=E0=D0=CD=B5=C4=B6=D4=CF=F3=A3=AC=B2=D9=D7=F7=B7=BD=CA=BD=D3=EB SQL=20
      =
=B6=D4=CF=F3=C0=E0=D0=CD=CD=EA=C8=AB=CF=E0=CD=AC=A1=A3=B4=CB=CD=E2=A3=ACS=
QLJ =BB=B9=BE=DF=D3=D0=D2=D4=CF=C2=B9=A6=C4=DC=A3=BA
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=CA=B9=D2=BB=B8=F6=C0=E0=B5=C4=BE=B2=CC=AC=D7=D6=B6=CE[static =
field]=D4=DA SQL =D6=D0=BF=C9=BC=FB=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=D4=CA=D0=ED=D3=C3=BB=A7=B5=F7=D3=C3 Java =
=C0=E0=B5=C4=B9=B9=D4=EC=CC=E5[constructor]=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">=CE=AC=BB=A4 Java =
=C0=E0=BC=B0=C6=E4=B6=D4=D3=A6=B5=C4=B6=D4=CF=F3=C0=E0=D0=CD=BC=E4=B5=C4=D2=
=C0=C0=B5=B9=D8=CF=B5 </LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">345</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3De.24.2.2.7.5></A>JPublisher</H4></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3Dc.24.2.2.7.5></A>24.2.2.7.5 =
JPublisher</H4></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">346</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Java =
Publisher=20
      (JPublisher) is a utility, written entirely in Java, that =
generates Java=20
      classes to represent the following user-defined database entities =
in your=20
      Java program:
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">SQL object types=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Object reference types ("REF =
types")=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">SQL collection types (VARRAY =
types or=20
        nested table types)=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">PL/SQL packages =
</LI></UL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">JPublisher=A3=A8Java =
Publisher=A3=A9=CA=C7=D2=BB=B8=F6=D2=D4 Java=20
      =B1=E0=D0=B4=B5=C4=B9=A4=BE=DF=A3=AC=D3=C3=D3=DA=D4=DA Java =
=B3=CC=D0=F2=D6=D0=C9=FA=B3=C9 Java =
=C0=E0=C0=B4=B4=FA=B1=ED=D2=D4=CF=C2=D3=C3=BB=A7=B6=A8=D2=E5=B5=C4=CA=FD=BE=
=DD=BF=E2=B6=D4=CF=F3=A3=BA
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">SQL =
=B6=D4=CF=F3=C0=E0=D0=CD[SQL object type]=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=B6=D4=CF=F3=D2=FD=D3=C3=C0=E0=D0=CD[object reference =
type]=A3=A8=BC=B4=A1=B0REF=A1=B1=C0=E0=D0=CD =A3=A9=20

        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">SQL =
=BC=AF=BA=CF=C0=E0=D0=CD[SQL collection type]=A3=A8VARRAY=20
        =C0=E0=D0=CD=BB=F2=C7=B6=CC=D7=B1=ED[nested =
table]=C0=E0=D0=CD=A3=A9=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">PL/SQL =B0=FC =
</LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">347</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">JPublisher lets you to specify =
and=20
      customize the mapping of these entities to Java classes in a =
strongly=20
      typed paradigm.</SPAN><BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft =
width=3D"48%">=BF=AA=B7=A2=D5=DF=BF=C9=D2=D4=CA=B9=D3=C3 JPublisher =
=C9=E8=B6=A8=BC=B0=D7=D4=B6=A8=D2=E5=C9=CF=CA=F6=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B6=D4=CF=
=F3=D3=EB=20
      Java =
=C0=E0=BC=E4=B5=C4=D3=B3=C9=E4=B9=D8=CF=B5=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">348</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>See Also:</B><BR><BR><A=20
        =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/java.102/b14188=
/toc.htm">Oracle=20
        Database JPublisher User's Guide</A></BLOCKQUOTE></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <BLOCKQUOTE><B>=C1=ED=BC=FB=A3=BA</B><BR><BR><A=20
        =
href=3D"http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/java.102/b14188=
/toc.htm">Oracle=20
        Database JPublisher User's Guide</A></BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">349</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3De.24.2.2.7.6></A>Java Messaging Service</H4></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">
      <H4><A name=3Dc.24.2.2.7.6></A>24.2.2.7.6 Java =
=CF=FB=CF=A2=B7=FE=CE=F1</H4></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">350</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Java =
Messaging=20
      Service (JMS) is a messaging standard developed by Sun =
Microsystems along=20
      with Oracle, IBM, and other vendors. It defines a set of =
interfaces for=20
      JMS applications and specifies the behavior implemented by JMS =
providers.=20
      JMS provides a standard-based API to enable asynchronous exchange =
of=20
      business events within the enterprise, as well as with customers =
and=20
      partners. JMS facilitates reliable communication between loosely =
coupled=20
      components in a distributed environment, significantly simplifying =
the=20
      effort required for enterprise integration. The combination of =
Java=20
      technology with enterprise messaging enables development of =
portable=20
      applications.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Java =
=CF=FB=CF=A2=B7=FE=CE=F1[Java Messaging=20
      Service=A3=ACJMS]=CA=C7=D3=C9 SUN =CE=A2=CF=B5=CD=B3=BA=CD =
Oracle=A3=ACIBM=A3=AC=BC=B0=C6=E4=CB=FB=B3=A7=C9=CC=D6=C6=B6=A8=B5=C4=CF=FB=
=CF=A2=CF=B5=CD=B3=B1=EA=D7=BC=A1=A3=B4=CB=B1=EA=D7=BC=D6=D0=B6=A8=D2=E5=C1=
=CB JMS =D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=B5=C4=BD=D3=BF=DA=A3=AC=BC=B0=20
      JMS =
=CC=E1=B9=A9=D5=DF=D3=A6=BE=DF=B1=B8=B5=C4=D0=D0=CE=AA=A1=A3JMS =
=CC=E1=B9=A9=C1=CB=BB=F9=D3=DA=B1=EA=D7=BC=B5=C4 =
API=A3=AC=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=D2=D4=C0=FB=D3=C3=B4=CB=CC=D7 API =
=D4=DA=C6=F3=D2=B5=C4=DA=B2=BF=BB=F2=C6=F3=D2=B5=D3=EB=BF=CD=BB=A7=BC=B0=BA=
=CF=D7=F7=BB=EF=B0=E9=BC=E4=D2=EC=B2=BD=B5=D8=BD=BB=BB=BB=D2=B5=CE=F1=CA=C2=
=BC=FE=A1=A3JMS=20
      =
=C4=DC=B9=BB=CE=AA=B7=D6=B2=BC=CA=BD=BB=B7=BE=B3=D6=D0=B5=C4=B8=F7=B8=F6=CB=
=C9=F1=EE=BA=CF=D7=E9=BC=FE=CC=E1=B9=A9=BF=C9=BF=BF=B5=C4=CD=A8=D0=C5=C4=DC=
=C1=A6=A3=AC=BC=F2=BB=AF=C6=F3=D2=B5=D0=C5=CF=A2=BC=AF=B3=C9=B5=C4=B9=A4=D7=
=F7=A1=A3=B2=C9=D3=C3 Java=20
  =
=BC=BC=CA=F5=B5=C4=C6=F3=D2=B5=CF=FB=CF=A2=CF=B5=CD=B3=BE=DF=B1=B8=C1=BC=BA=
=C3=B5=C4=BF=C9=D2=C6=D6=B2=D0=D4=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">351</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle =
Java=20
      Messaging Service is a Java API for Oracle Streams, based on the =
JMS=20
      standard. Multiple client applications can send and receive =
messages of=20
      any type through a central JMS provider (Oracle Streams). The JMS =
client=20
      consists of the Java application as well as a messaging client =
runtime=20
      library that implements the JMS interface and communicates with =
Oracle=20
      Streams.<BR>=A1=A1</TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle Java =
=CF=FB=CF=A2=B7=FE=CE=F1[Oracle Java=20
      Messaging Service]=CA=C7=D2=BB=CC=D7=BB=F9=D3=DA Oracle =
=CA=FD=BE=DD=C1=F7[Oracle Streams]=C7=D2=B7=FB=BA=CF JMS =
=B1=EA=D7=BC=B5=C4 Java=20
      =
API=A1=A3=B6=E0=B8=F6=BF=CD=BB=A7=B6=CB=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=BF=C9=D2=D4=
=CD=A8=B9=FD=D6=D0=D1=EB JMS =CC=E1=B9=A9=D5=DF=A3=A8=BC=B4 Oracle =
=CA=FD=BE=DD=C1=F7=A3=A9=B7=A2=CB=CD=BB=F2=BD=D3=CA=D5=CF=FB=CF=A2=A1=A3J=
MS =BF=CD=BB=A7=B6=CB=D3=C9 Java =
=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=BA=CD=CA=B5=CF=D6=C1=CB=20
      JMS =BD=D3=BF=DA=B2=A2=D3=EB Oracle =
=CA=FD=BE=DD=C1=F7=CD=A8=D0=C5=B5=C4=CF=FB=CF=A2=B7=FE=CE=F1=BF=CD=BB=A7=B6=
=CB=D4=CB=D0=D0=CA=B1=C0=E0=BF=E2=B9=B9=B3=C9=A1=A3<BR>=A1=A1</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">352</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Java =
Messaging=20
      Oracle JMS supports the standard JMS interfaces and has extensions =
to=20
      support other Streams features that are not a part of the =
standard. It can=20
      be used to enqueue and dequeue messages in the queue available =
with Oracle=20
      Streams. Oracle JMS includes the standard JMS features:
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Point-to-point communication =
using=20
        queues=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Publish-subscribe =
communication using=20
        topics=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Synchronous and asynchronous =
message=20
        exchange=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Subject-based routing =
</LI></UL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle JMS =
=D6=A7=B3=D6=B1=EA=D7=BC=B5=C4 JMS=20
      =
=BD=D3=BF=DA=A3=AC=B2=A2=BD=F8=D0=D0=C1=CB=C0=A9=D5=B9=D2=D4=D6=A7=B3=D6=C6=
=E4=CB=FB=B2=BB=B0=FC=BA=AC=D3=DA JMS =B1=EA=D7=BC=B5=C4 Oracle =
=CA=FD=BE=DD=C1=F7=CC=D8=D0=D4=A1=A3=D3=C3=BB=A7=BF=C9=D2=D4=CA=B9=D3=C3 =
JMS =B6=D4 Oracle=20
      =
=CA=FD=BE=DD=C1=F7=B6=D3=C1=D0=D6=D0=B5=C4=CF=FB=CF=A2=BD=F8=D0=D0=C8=EB=B6=
=D3=BC=B0=B3=F6=B6=D4=B2=D9=D7=F7=A1=A3Oracle JMS =
=B0=FC=BA=AC=D2=D4=CF=C2=B1=EA=D7=BC JMS =CC=D8=D0=D4=A3=BA
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=CD=A8=B9=FD=B6=D3=C1=D0=BD=F8=D0=D0=B5=E3=B6=D4=B5=E3=B5=C4=CD=A8=D0=
=C5=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=B8=F9=BE=DD=D6=F7=CC=E2=BD=F8=D0=D0=B7=A2=B2=BC-=B6=A9=D4=C4=CA=BD=
=CD=A8=D0=C5[publish-subscribe=20
        communication]=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=CD=AC=B2=BD=BB=F2=D2=EC=B2=BD=B5=D8=CF=FB=CF=A2=BD=BB=BB=BB=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=B8=F9=BE=DD=D6=F7=CC=E2=B6=D4=CF=FB=CF=A2=BD=F8=D0=D0=C2=B7=D3=C9 =
</LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft =
width=3D"4%">353</TD>
    <TD=20
    style=3D"BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 1px"=20
    vAlign=3Dtop borderColor=3D#000000 align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle =
Streams also=20
      provides extensions to the standard JMS features:
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Point-to-multipoint =
communication using=20
        a recipient list for specifying the applications to receive the =
messages=20

        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Administrative API to create =
the queue=20
        tables, queues and subjects=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Automatic propagation of =
messages=20
        between queues on different databases, enabling the application =
to=20
        define remote subscribers=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Transacted session support, =
allowing=20
        both JMS and SQL operations in one transaction=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Message retention after =
message is=20
        consumed=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Exception handling=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">Delay specification before a =
message is=20
        visible </LI></UL></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D"48%">Oracle =
=CA=FD=BE=DD=C1=F7=BB=B9=D4=DA=B1=EA=D7=BC=B5=C4 JMS =
=D6=AE=C9=CF=BD=F8=D0=D0=C1=CB=C0=A9=D5=B9=A3=BA
      <UL>
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=CA=B9=D3=C3=BD=D3=CA=D5=D5=DF=C1=D0=B1=ED[recipient=20
        =
list]=D6=B8=B6=A8=BD=D3=CA=D5=CF=FB=CF=A2=B5=C4=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=A3=
=AC=CA=B5=CF=D6=D2=BB=B5=E3=B6=D4=B6=E0=B5=E3=B5=C4=CD=A8=D0=C5[point-to-=
multipoint communication]=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">=B9=DC=C0=ED=D0=D4 =
API=A3=AC=D3=C3=D3=DA=B4=B4=BD=A8=B6=D4=C1=D0=B1=ED[queue=20
        table]=A3=AC=B6=D3=C1=D0[queue]=A3=AC=BC=B0=D6=F7=CC=E2[subject] =

        <LI=20
        style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=D7=D4=B6=AF=B5=D8=D4=DA=B2=BB=CD=AC=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B5=C4=B6=D3=C1=
=D0=BC=E4=B4=AB=B2=A5=CF=FB=CF=A2=A3=AC=CA=B9=D3=A6=D3=C3=B3=CC=D0=F2=BF=C9=
=D2=D4=CA=B9=D3=C3=D4=B6=B3=CC=B6=A9=D4=C4=D5=DF[subscriber]=20

        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=D6=A7=B3=D6=CA=C2=CE=F1=D0=D4=BB=E1=BB=B0[transacted =
session]=A3=ACJMS =BC=B0 SQL=20
        =
=B2=D9=D7=F7=BF=C9=D2=D4=CE=BB=D3=DA=CD=AC=D2=BB=CA=C2=CE=F1=C4=DA=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=B5=B1=CF=FB=CF=A2=B1=BB=CA=B9=D3=C3[consume]=BA=F3=BF=C9=D2=D4=C9=E8=
=B6=A8=CF=FB=CF=A2=B1=A3=C1=F4=D6=DC=C6=DA[message=20
        retention]=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 10px">=D2=EC=B3=A3=B4=A6=C0=ED=20
        <LI style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: =
10px">=BF=C9=D2=D4=C9=E8=B6=A8=CF=FB=CF=A2=BF=C9=BC=FB=D1=D3=B3=D9=20
</LI></UL></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><BR><B>A =
=B7=AD=D2=EB=B2=BB=C8=B7=B6=A8=B5=C4=B4=CA=BB=E3[=B8=F1=CA=BD=A3=BA</B><S=
PAN=20
style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff00">=BB=C6=C9=AB=B1=B3=BE=B0</SPAN><B> =
]</B><BR>
<HR>

<TABLE id=3Dtable2 width=3D"100%" border=3D0>
  <TBODY>
  <TR>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop =
align=3Dleft>=A1=A1</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><B><BR>B=20
=B7=AD=D2=EB=B2=BB=C8=B7=B6=A8=B5=C4Oracle/=CA=FD=BE=DD=BF=E2=B4=CA=BB=E3=
[=B8=F1=CA=BD=A3=BA</B><SPAN style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: =
#ffff00">=BB=C6=C9=AB=B1=B3=BE=B0</SPAN><B>=20
]</B><BR>
<HR>

<TABLE id=3Dtable4 width=3D"100%" border=3D0>
  <TBODY>
  <TR>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft>[159] (including user exits)<BR>[238] =
index-by=20
      tables<BR>[293] high-level<BR>[293] low-level<BR>[303] low-level=20
      behavior<BR>[316] Generational scavenging<BR>[316] Mark and lazy =
sweep=20
      collection<BR>[316] Copying =
collector</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><B><BR>C=20
=B7=AD=D2=EB=B2=BB=C8=B7=B6=A8=B5=C4=BE=E4=D7=D3[=B8=F1=CA=BD=A3=BA</B><S=
PAN style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: =
#ffff00">=BB=C6=C9=AB=B1=B3=BE=B0</SPAN><B> ]</B><BR>
<HR>

<TABLE id=3Dtable5 width=3D"100%" border=3D0>
  <TBODY>
  <TR>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft>[044] They are used with the Oracle=20
      precompilers.<BR>[081] The cursor is created independent of any =
SQL=20
      statement: it is created in expectation of any SQL =
statement.<BR>[102] You=20
      must also specify a datatype and length for each value (unless =
they are=20
      implied or defaulted) if Oracle needs to perform datatype=20
      conversion.<BR>[108] This ensures data integrity.<BR>[109] For =
some=20
      statements you can specify a number of executions to be performed. =
This is=20
      called <B>array processing</B>. Given n number of executions, the =
bind and=20
      define locations are assumed to be the beginning of an array of =
size=20
      n.<BR>[116] To rerun them, simply perform another =
execute.<BR>[118]=20
      Transactions should consist of only the SQL statements that make =
one=20
      consistent change to the data.<BR>[198] By developing all of your=20
      applications around a common group of procedures, you can reduce =
the=20
      likelihood of committing coding errors.<BR>[224] Oracle supplies =
many=20
      PL/SQL packages with the Oracle database server to extend database =

      functionality and provide PL/SQL access to SQL features.<BR>[241] =
So, you=20
      can use them to move columns of data into and out of database =
tables or=20
      between client-side applications and stored subprograms.<BR>[254] =
Language=20
      syntax that borrows from C and enforces strong typing<BR>[260] The =

      instance contains the fields of an object, which are known as its =
data, or=20
      state.<BR>[278] Instances of Class B are substitutable for =
instances of=20
      Class A, which makes inheritance another powerful construct of=20
      object-oriented languages for improving code reuse.<BR>[291] For =
example,=20
      you can safely add new fields to existing classes.<BR>[321] It is=20
      applicable across all the platforms Oracle supports, whereas a JIT =

      approach requires low-level, processor-dependent code to be =
written and=20
      maintained for each platform.<BR>[347] JPublisher lets you to =
specify and=20
      customize the mapping of these entities to Java classes in a =
strongly=20
      typed paradigm.</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><B><BR>D =
=D7=A2=CA=CD=D0=D4=B5=C4=CE=C4=D7=D6[=B8=F1=CA=BD=A3=BA</B>[<FONT=20
color=3D#008000>=C2=CC=C9=AB</FONT>]<B>]</B><BR>
<HR>

<TABLE id=3Dtable6 width=3D"100%" border=3D0>
  <TBODY>
  <TR>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop =
align=3Dleft>=A1=A1</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><B><BR>E =
=CE=B4=CD=EA=B3=C9=B5=C4=C1=B4=BD=D3</B><BR>
<HR>

<TABLE id=3Dtable7 width=3D"100%" border=3D0>
  <TBODY>
  <TR>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop =
align=3Dleft>=A1=A1</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><B><BR>F=20
Oracle=D1=A7=CF=B0=CE=CA=CC=E2[=B8=F1=CA=BD=A3=BA</B><SPAN =
style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: =
#ffff00">=BB=C6=C9=AB=B1=B3=BE=B0</SPAN><B>]</B>
<HR>
=20
<TABLE id=3Dtable8 width=3D"100%" border=3D0>
  <TBODY>
  <TR>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft>1=A1=A2descriptor =
=CA=C7=CA=B2=C3=B4=A3=BF<BR>[044] Initialize=20
      descriptors (<FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>DESCRIBE</FONT>)<BR><BR>2=A1=A2precompiler=20
      =CA=C7=CA=B2=C3=B4=A3=BF<BR>[044] They are used with the Oracle =
precompilers.<BR><BR>3=A1=A2link=20
      =B2=BD=D6=E8=D7=F6=C1=CB=CA=B2=C3=B4=B9=A4=D7=F7=A3=BF<BR>[148] =
(This object code is linked into the Oracle database=20
      server.)<BR><BR>4=A1=A2SQL*Menu =CA=C7=CA=B2=C3=B4=A3=BF<BR>[157] =
SQL*Menu (version 5 and=20
      later)<BR><BR>5=A1=A2=CF=EB=CF=EB=D4=DA ETL =
=D6=D0=C8=E7=BA=CE=CA=B9=D3=C3=A3=BF<BR>[024] DML Error=20
      =
Logging<BR><BR>6=A1=A2=CA=B2=C3=B4=D7=F7=D3=C3=A3=BF=C8=E7=BA=CE=B2=D9=D7=
=F7=A3=BF=B2=BB=C0=ED=BD=E2=A3=BF<BR>[094] Describe Results of a=20
      Query<BR><BR>7=A1=A2=CE=CA=CC=E2=CD=AC=C9=CF=A3=BF<BR>[096] Define =
Output of a=20
      Query<BR><BR>8=A1=A2=B2=BB=C0=ED=BD=E2=A3=BF<BR>[198] Inherited =
privileges and schema context with=20
      invoker's rights procedures<BR><BR>9=A1=A2shared library =
=CA=C7=CA=B2=C3=B4=DF=CB=DF=CB=A3=BF<BR>[212] shared=20
      library</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><B><BR></B>translator: <A=20
href=3D"mailto:zw1840@hotmail.com">zw1840@hotmail.com</A> </BODY></HTML>

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